Imitungo n’ubucuruzi by’abanyapolitiki, abayobozi mu nzego zitandukanye n’abaherwe byashyizwe ahabona, mu nyandiko nyinshi zagaragaje amakuru ajyanye n’imari ziswe Pandora Papers.
Ku rutonde rw’abayobozi bagarukwaho harimo abagera kuri 35 n’abakozi basaga 300 bo mu nzego za Leta.
Bagenda bakomozwaho mu kugira imitungo binyuze mu bigo byo mahanga, mu bihugu birimo British Virgin Islands, Panama, Belize, Cyprus, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu, Singapore n’u Busuwisi.
Perezida Ali Bongo wa Gabon, Uhuru Kenyatta wa Kenya na Denis Sassou-Nguesso wa Congo Brazzaville nibo bakuru b’ibihugu bya Afurika bari mu mirimo bavuzwemo.
Hagaragaramo nk’uburyo Umwami Abdullah II bin Al-Hussein wa Jordan yakoresheje miliyoni zisaga £70m ($100m) ku mitungo yaguze mu Bwongereza na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ibyo byose ngo byakozwe binyuze mu bigo yagiye afunguza mu mahanga, biza kumufasha kugura inzu 15 kuva yajya ku butegetsi mu 1999.
Izo nzu zaguzwe mu duce duhenze cyane twa Malibu, London na Ascot.
Abanyamategeko b’umwami Abdullah bemeje ko yakoresheje amafaranga ye bwite mu kugura ziriya nzu, kandi ko nta tegeko rimubuza gukorana n’ibigo byo mu mahanga.
Hanavugwamo uburyo Tony Blair wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza n’umugore we Cherie batishyuye imisoro ingana na £312,000, ubwo baguraga inzu ya miliyoni £6.45 i London, nk’ibiro byabo mu mwaka wa 2017.
Iyo nyubako ngo bayiguze binyuze mu kugura ikigo cyo mu mahanga cyari kiyifite mu mitungo yacyo.
Hanagaragaramo uburyo umuryango wa Perezida Uhuru Kenyatta umaze igihe muri politiki ya Kenya, ufite ibigo n’amafaranga menshi mu mahanga.
Ni umuhungu wa Jomo Kenyatta wabaye perezida wa mbere wa Kenya ubwo yari imaze kubona ubwigenge, ayiyobora kuva mu 1964 kugeza yitabye Imana mu 1978.
Pandora Papers zivuga ko Kenyatta n’abantu batandatu bo mu muryango we bakorana n’ibigo 13 byo mu mahanga.
Muri ibyo bigo harimo kimwe gifite imigabane ibarirwa muri miliyoni $30, cyagaragaye mu nyandiko z’ibigo 14 n’iz’abandi batanga serivisi mu bihugu bya Panama na British Virgin Islands (BVI) n’ahandi.
Hari n’ikigo byagaragaye ko gikorera mu nyungu za nyina Mama Ngina Kenyatta, ariko mu mategeko yacyo harimo ko napfa, ibyo byose bizaragwa umuhungu we Uhuru.
Hanavugwamo Perezida w’u Burusiya President Vladimir Putin ko afite imitungo y’ibanga muri Monaco.
Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Repubulika ya Czech bwana Andrej Babis, we yashinjwe ko atamenyekanishije imitungo ye iri mu mahanga, yifashishije agura inyubako ebyiri zihenze zo guturamo mu majyepfo y’u Bufaransa, kuri miliyoni £12.
Izo nyandiko zigaragaza uburyo abanyamafaranga bagiye boroherwa cyane no gufungura ibigo, ubundi bakagura imitungo itandukanye mu Bwongereza binyuze mub igo bashinze, ntigire aho ihurira n’amazina yabo.
Ibyo ngo bikagaragaza intege nke mu mategeko y’icyo gihugu kuko bishobora gutiza umurindi iyezandonke.
Havugwamo uburyo nka Perezida Ilham Aliyev wa Azerbaijan n’umuryango we bashinjwa kunyereza umutungo wa leta, bagize uruhare mu bikorwa byo kugura imitungo mu Bwongereza ifite agaciro ka miliyoni £400m.
Igitangaje ni uko Perezida Aliyev n’umuryango we bungutse miliyoni £31 ubwo bagurishaga umutungo wabo umwe w’i London kuri Crown Estate – ikigo gishinzwe imitungo y’Umwamikazi kigenzurwa na minisiteri y’imari.
Inyandiko zabonetse zerekana ko mu bijyanye n’amategeko, nta makosa yabayemo.
Izindi nyandiko zigaragaza ko umuryango wa Aliyev waguze imitungo 17, harimo inzu igizwe n’ibiro yaguzwe i Mayfair mu mujyi wa London kuri miliyoni £33, iguriwe umuhungu we Heydar Aliyev w’imyaka 11.
Pandora Papers kandi zerekana ko abanyapolitiki bagera kuri 50 bo mu bihugu 18 bya Afurika bafite ibigo byo mu mahanga bakorana.
Perezida Ali Bongo n’abanyapolitiki babiri bo muri Gabon ngo bagenzura ikigo cyo muri British Virgin Islands gikora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga butandukanye.
Izi nyandiko zigaragazamo umugore we Sylvia Bongo Ondimba nk’umwe mu bari muri ubwo bucuruzi bwinjije amafaranga atazwi neza ingano kuri uyu muryango.
Perezida Sassou-Nguesso umaze igihe kinini ayobora Repubulika ya Congo, we izi nyandiko zerekana ko afite ikigo kigenzura ibirombe bya diyama nk’umwe mu mitungo ikomeye iki gihugu gifite.
Hanavugwamo Jim Muhwezi, minisitiri w’umutekano wa Uganda akaba n’umugabo wa mubyara wa Janet Museveni – umugore wa Perezida Yoweri Museveni.
Muhwezi ngo afite imigabane mu bigo bibiri byo muri British Virgin Islands no muri Panama, bikora ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bunyuranye.
Kimwe muri ibyo bigo cyarezwe ibyaha byo kunyereza umutungo wa leta mu gihe cy’imyaka 11.
Uretse abayobozi n’abacuruzi bakomeye, havugwamo n’abakora mu zindi nzego nk’umuhanzi Shakira wo muri Colombia, umunyamideli Claudia Schiffer wo mu Budage n’umunyabigwi muri Cricket wo mu Buhinde, Sachin Tendulkar.
Benshi mu bavugwa muri izo nyandiko banze kugira icyo bahita batangaza ku byashyizwe hanze.
Ntabwo kugezwa ubu hazwi ingano y’amafaranga agenda ahishwa mu mahanga, ariko bibarwa ko ari hagato ya miliyari $5600 na miliyari $32000, nk’uko ICIJ yabitangaje.
Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) giheruka kuvuga ko kujya kubika amafaranga mu mahanga bihombya za leta miliyari $600 binyuze mu misoro ya buri mwaka.
Pandora Papers ni iki?
Ni uruhurirane rw’inyandiko 11,903,676 zatanze amakuru ku mitungo y’ibanga y’abayobozi n’abandi bantu bakomeye, iri mu bigo byo mu mahanga. Ni amakuru yaturutse ahantu 14 hatandukanye.
Byatangajwe ko zakusanyijwe n’abanyamakuru basaga 600 bo mu bihugu 117, biza kubonwa n’ikigo International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) cyo muri Amerika, ari nacyo cyabitangaje.
ICIJ ikorana n’ibitangazamakuru bisaga 140.
Ikindi gihe hatangajwe amakuru menshi muri ubu buryo ni Offshore Leaks mu 2013 ubwo hatangazwaga inyandiko miliyoni 2.5; Panama Papers mu 2016 itangaza inyandiko miliyoni 11.5 naho Paradise Papers mu 2017 zitangaza inyandiko miliyoni 13.4.
