Kuri iki Cyumweru, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’ibindi bihugu 15 baratangaza inyandiko ihuriweho igaragaza icyerekezo bahuriyeho cyo gutangiza icyo bise “igihe cyiza kurusha ibindi muri siyansi”, kizashingira ku mahirwe atangwa n’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano (AI).
Iyi nyandiko iratangarizwa i Kyoto mu Buyapani, mu nama ngarukamwaka yitwa Science and Technology in Society Forum, ihuza impuguke n’abafata ibyemezo, ikaba yaratangiye mu 2004.
Iyi nyandiko yiswe “Kyoto Vision for a Golden Age of Science”, itangirira ku kwemeza uruhare siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga bifite mu guteza imbere imibereho y’abantu, mbere yo gushishikariza abaganga kongera ubushakashatsi bukoresha kandi bukomatanya AI.
Muri iyi nyandiko y’ubwenge buhangano bwiswe “super intelligence”, nyuma y’uko Perezida Donald Trump atanze iteka rya perezida rihindura uburyo iri koranabuhanga ryitwaga, buzaba koko ari ubwenge budasanzwe.
Muri yo hari ahagira hati: “Super Intelligence ni uburyo bushya bwo gutegura ubushakashatsi buzafungura imiryango mishya y’ubushakashatsi n’ubuvumbuzi. Turabona amahirwe yo gukoresha izi mpinduka muri siyansi y’ejo hazaza.”
Michael Kratsios, uyobora ishami ryo muri Perezidansi ya Amerika rishinzwe ikoranabuhanga na siyansi ni we wayoboye igikorwa cyo gutegura iki cyerekezo.
Iyi nyandiko kandi ivuga ko ibihugu byayishyigikiye byishimira iterambere ry’icyitwa metascience, bukaba ubushakashatsi bwiga uburyo siyansi ubwayo ikorwa, uko ubushakashatsi butegurwa n’uko bugera ku musaruro.
Ba Minisitiri bashinzwe ikoranabuhanga bo mu Buyapani, Koreya y’Epfo, u Bwongereza n’Abarabu bari mu bahagarariye ibihugu byashyigikiye iyi nyandiko.
Mu ijambo Kratsios ateganya gutanga muri iyi nama, azavuga ko isi ishobora kwinjira mu gihe gishya cy’iterambere rya siyansi, aho laboratwari zikoresha za robo n’ubwenge buhangano zishobora gutegura ubushakashatsi, kubusubiramo no gusesengura ibisubizo ku muvuduko urenze uw’abantu.
Mu nyandiko igenewe itangazamakuru yabonywe na NBC News, Kratsios yagize ati: “Super intelligence izakoreshwa muri siyansi izaba imbaraga zikomeye zo gutuma ubushakashatsi bugera kuri benshi no kwihutisha ubuvumbuzi bukomeye.”
Ibigo bikomeye mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano birimo Anthropic na OpenAI, biherutse gutangiza gahunda zo guhuza laboratwari zikora ubushakashatsi ku ndwara n’ubuzima bizakoresha ubwenge buhangano buhambaye.
Ibindi bigo na byo bimaze imyaka bigerageza gutuma imirimo ikorerwa muri laboratwari ikorwa mu buryo bwikoresha.
Kratsios yemeza ko uburyo ubushakashatsi bukorwamo ku isi bwahindutse, bityo hakenewe kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi no gushyiraho imishinga mishya yashingirwaho mu guteza imbere ubumenyi, udushya n’ubukungu.
Ivuga kandi ko icyizere abaturage bagirira siyansi ari umusingi w’udushya n’iterambere rya siyansi, ndetse ko hakenewe uburyo butandukanye kandi butekerejweho neza bwo gutera inkunga ubwo bushakashatsi.
Ibi bibaye mu gihe ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwagiye butangaza gahunda zo kugabanya cyane ingengo y’imari ya Leta igenerwa ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Urugero, ingengo y’imari yateganyirijwe ubwo bushakashatsi mu mwaka wa 2027, iteganya kugabanya hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga agenerwa National Science Foundation (NSF).
Gretchen Goldman, Perezida akaba n’Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Union of Concerned Scientists, yavuze ko ubutegetsi bwangije imishinga myinshi y’ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Yavuze ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe bwatumye abaturage b’Amerika batakariza icyizere urwego rwa siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga, cyane cyane kubera kugabanuka kw’inkunga igenerwa National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Goldman yavuze ko bigoye gufata nk’ibifatika amasezerano yo kongera icyizere no Hagati aho, amakuru avuga ko hri umugambi wa Perezida Trump wo guhindura uburyo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zishishikariza abantu guhanga udushya mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi.
Muri Nyakanga, ushinzwe siyansi muri Perezidansi ya Amerika yashyikirije Trump raporo imusaba guhindura uburyo Leta itera inkunga ubushakashatsi.
Kuwa Kane w’Icyumweru gitaha, i Washington, D.C. hazahurira inama y’abayobozi mu bya siyansi n’ubucuruzi kugira ngo baganire kuri izi mpinduka.
Kratsios kandi ayoboye Genesis Mission, gahunda y’igihugu Trump yatangije umwaka ushize igamije gukoresha AI mu kwihutisha udushya n’ubuvumbuzi bwa siyansi.
Iyi nyandiko nshya ishyira umwihariko kuri metascience, urwego rw’ubushakashatsi rumaze guhabwa umwanya munini na za guverinoma mu myaka ya vuba.
Jenn Gustetic, uyobora gahunda za metascience na politiki y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere mu kigo cyigenga Institute for Progress, yavuze ko kuba metascience yashyizwe muri iyi nyandiko bigaragaza ko iri gukoreshwa n’ibihugu byinshi ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Yavuze ko gahunda za metascience zimaze gutera imbere mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika, kandi ko bishimishije kubona ibindi bihugu na byo byemera uburyo bwo kugerageza no gukoresha ibimenyetso mu gufata ibyemezo ku bushakashatsi.
Muri Nzeri, National Science Foundation yatangaje ko igiye gushyiraho Office of Metascience (OMS), izaba ishinzwe gusuzuma uburyo bushya bwo gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi no kumenya uburyo bwo gutanga inkunga butanga umusaruro mwiza kurusha ubundi.
Brian Stone, Umuyobozi w’agateganyo wa NSF, yavuze ko OMS izafasha NSF kuba ikigo gihora cyiga kandi cyikosora, kigakoresha uburyo bushya, kigapima umusaruro wabwo, kikemera ku mugaragaro ko iyo uburyo runaka butagize icyo bugeraho haba hagomba kuboneka ubundi bwagaragaje ko bukora neza.
Ihuriro Science and Technology in Society Forum rigamije guha abayobozi urubuga rwo kuganira ku buryo inyungu za siyansi zakongerwa, ndetse n’uko ibibazo bijyanye n’imyitwarire n’umutekano byakemurwa.
Muri iyi nama y’iminsi itatu, abahanga n’abafata ibyemezo baturutse hirya no hino ku isi bazaganira ku ngaruka ubwenge buhangano bugira kandi buzagira k’uburezi bw’ejo hazaza, uburyo bwo kongera icyizere mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ubuvumbuzi buheruka mu buvuzi bwihariye n’izindi ngingo.
Ni inyandiko itangajwe nyuma y’iminsi mike gusa Trump ahuje abayobozi b’ibigo bikomeye by’ikoranabuhanga bamusanze mu Biro bye ngo baganire ku buryo bwo gushyiraho umurongo umwe wo kugenzura AI no kugabanya ingaruka zishobora guterwa na yo.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro by’iyo nama hasinywe amasezerano yiswe “White House Accord on Super Intelligence”, yashyizeho uburyo bw’ibice bine aho ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga byemera kwigenzurira no gushyiraho uburyo bwabyo bw’umutekano.
