Ku wa Mbere w’iki cyumweru nibwo Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yatangaje ko yabashije gukusanya miliyoni $620 binyuze mu gushyira ku isoko impapuro mpeshwamwenda zatanzwe mu madolari (Eurobond), zizishyurwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 10.
Ni amafaranga biteganywa ko igice kimwe cyayo kizashyirwa mu bikorwa byateganyijwe mu ngengo y’imari y’uyu mwaka, mu gihe ikindi kizashyirwa ku ngengo y’imari itaha.
Ibi ni bimwe mu by’ingenzi wamenya kuri uyu mwenda wafashwe:
- Kuki umwenda wafashwe mu madolari?
Idolari ni ifaranga mpuzamahanga rikoreshwa mu bucuruzi n’ishoramari, ku buryo usanga byoroheye umushoramari gukurikirana uko agaciro karyo gahindagurika mu buri mwaka, bitandukanye n’uko byagenda umwenda utanzwe mu mafaranga ry’u Rwanda.
Bijyanye n’uburyo amafaranga y’u Rwanda akomeza kugabanyuka mu gaciro ugereranyije n’idolari, bivuze ko mu myaka iri imbere bizasaba amafaranga menshi y’u Rwanda mu kwishyura iriya nguzanyo mu madolari.
Gusa Minisitiri w’Imari n’Igenamigambi Dr. Uzziel Ndagijimana yatangarije kuri televiziyo y’igihugu ko impamvu ikomeye yatumye ziriya mpapuro mpeshwamwenda zigurishwa mu madolari, ari uko igice kimwe kigomba kwishyura indi nguzanyo yafashwe mu madolari mu 2013.
Ati “Urumva unyuranyije ukajya mu yandi mafaranga, bishobora kuba byaguhenda kurushaho.”
- Izi miliyoni zizakoreshwa zite?
Igice kinini cy’iyi nguzanyo kizakoresha mu kwishyura 85% bisigaye by’inguzanyo ya miliyoni $400 u Rwanda rwagujije mu 2013.
Ni amafaranga icyo gihe yashowe mu bikorwa birimo gusana Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kigali, muri RwandAir no mu kubaka Kigali Convention Centre.
Umwenda wa RwandAir ubarirwa muri miliyoni $112.
Minisitiri Ndagijimana yakomeje ati “Ni ukuvuga ngo miliyoni zisaga $330 zizagenda mu kwishyura uwo mwenda. Aya kabiri hari undi mwenda nanone waduhenze mu gihe cyashize kubera ko icyo gihe niko ibiciro byari bimeze, nawo ugera muri miliyoni $100, na wo uzishyurwa.”
“Mu by’ukuri amafaranga azaza mu ngengo y’imari agakoreshwa mu mishinga agera nko kuri miliyoni $148. Ayo ni yo twageneye imishinga cyane cyane yiganjemo imishinga y’ubuhinzi, ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere ariko, harimo imishinga yatangiye ariko ikeneye amafaranga kugira ngo ishoramari ryihute.”
Iyo mishinga irimo Gabiro Agribusiness Hub muri uyu mwaka w’ingengo y’imari wagenewe miliyari 25 Frw, umushinga wo kohereza indabyo mu mahanga n’umushinga wa Gako Beef ujyanye n’ubworozi bw’inka bugamije inyama.
Ni ibikorwa ngo bizagira ingaruka ko kongera umusaruro w’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, ari nabyo bizongera amadozize akenerwa mu kwishyura inguzanyo.
- Uyu mwenda uzishyurwa ute?
Iyi nguzanyo yafashwe izishyurwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 10, ku nyungu ya 5.5%. Ni inyungu iri hasi ya 6.625% yafatiweho amafaranga yo mu 2013.
Ni igikorwa Minisitiri Ndagijimana yavuze ko kigaragaza icyizere abashoramari bafitiye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda, kandi icyo cyemezo cyafashwe nyuma yo gusesengura uburyo igihugu gicunga ubukungu bwacyo n’imyenda ya leta.
Ati “Ibyo byose bigira ingaruka kuri cya giciro bari bugurireho, ariko n’umubare w’abitabira iryo soko.”
Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi yatangaje ko abashoramari bagaragaje ubushake bwo gutanga amafaranga akubye hafi inshuro eshatu ayari akenewe, kuko yageraga muri miliyari $1.6.
- Ni bande batanze amafaranga?
Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, John Rwangombwa, yavuze ko mbere yo gushyira impapuro mpeshamwenda ku isoko, bamaze iminsi nk’itatu baganira n’abashoramari.
Yavuze ko wasangaga aba bashoramari bafite amakuru menshi ku Rwanda, ku buryo wasangaga ari utuntu duke bakeneye gusobanuza guza.
Ati “Hari nk’uwashakaga kugura miliyoni $225 z’umwenda wacu ari umwe, nta nubwo yigeze aza kuganira natwe, we yahise yandika avuga ati u Rwanda ndaruzi amateka yarwo ndayazi, njye ndashaka aya mafaranga.”
“Gusa ntabwo twashoboye kuyafata yose, kandi uwo nguwo dukurikiranye dusanga afite ibindi bigega byashoye imari mu bikorwa bimwe biri hanomu gihugu.”
Amafaranga muri rusange yatanzwe n’ibigo byiganjemo ibyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, u Burayi, Aziya, ndetse harimo bitatu byo muri Afurika.
Ntabwo ariko ibyo bigo byatangajwe.
- Impungenge ku izamuka ry’amadeni
U Rwanda rumaze iminsi rufata inguzanyo zitandukanye, bijyanye n’ubukenerwe bw’amafaranga menshi mu kuzahura ubukungu no guhangana n’icyorezo cya COVID-19.
Minisitiri Ndagijimana yavuze ko igipimo cy’umwenda leta ifite kiri ku rwego ruciriritse kuko ari 34% ugereranyije n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, mu gihe igipimo ntarengwa ari 55%.
Ariko ubaze imyenda yose yafashwe utitaye ku buryo igenda yishyurwa mu myaka myinsi, igipimo kiba 71% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.
Rwagombwa yagize ati “Icyiza kirimo ni uko muri ayo 71%, 92% yayo ni amafaranga yafashwe ku nyungu yo hasi cyane kandi izishyurwa mu gihe kirekire. Urugero icyatumye iyi myenda izamuka cyane mu mwaka ushize ni miliyoni $200 twakuye muri IMF, yo gufasha mu kuzahura ubukungu, ku nyungu ya 0%.”
“Urumva rero ku nyungu iri hasi cyane, niyo mpamvu ya mafaranga dukenera kwishyura umwenda ugereranyije n’ayo tuba twinjije, ari hasi. Nubwo ushobora kumva 71% ukumva biri hejuru, mu by’ukuri kwishyura biri hasi cyane.”
Yakomeje avuga ko ku bipimo mpuzamahanga, ingano y’amafaranga igihugu cyishyura amadeni buri mwaka ugereranyije n’amafaranga cyinjiza mu misoro, itagomba kurenga 21%.
Ati “Mu mwaka ushize u Rwanda rwari rugeze kuri 5%, ufashe imyenda yafashwe mu mwaka ushize n’iyingiyi birazamuka bikagera ku 8.9% mu 2022, ariko ntabwo bizarenga 10%. Iyo dukuruye tukabijyana mu myaka iri imbere ahubwo bitangira kugenda bimanuka.”
Leta iteganya ko umwenda uzakomeza kuzamuka kugeza mu mwaka wa 2023, nyuma ukazatangira kumanuka, ku buryo nta mpungenge zihari ko u Rwanda ruzananirwa kwishyura.
Icyo cyizere ngo gishingira ku musaruro witezwe muri gahunda yo kuzahura ubukungu ikomeje gushorwamo amafaranga menshi, izakomeza kugeza mu 2023.
Uko ubukungu buzagenda buzamuka n’amafaranga aturuka imbere mu gihugu akiyongera, umwenda ufatwa uzagabanyuka n’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura buzamuke kurushaho.
