Ubwandu bushya bwa COVID-19 bwatumbagiye mu Rwanda, nyamara si ikibazo cyarwo gusa gusa ahubwo Afurika yose iragisangiye.
Bwa mbere mu Rwanda kuri uyu wa Kane yishe abantu 10 mu munsi umwe, nyuma y’iminsi 9 habonetse abanduye bashya 964, ari nawo mubare munini wabonetse mu munsi umwe.
Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO) ryatangaje ko ubwandu bushya muri Afurika bumaze ibyumweru bitandatu bwiyongera, ku buryo mu cyumweru cyarangiye ku wa 27 Kamena bwazamutseho 25%.
Impfu nazo zazamutseho 15% mu bihugu 38 bya Afurika, k’uburyo hapfuye hafi 3000.
Ikigaragara muri iyo mibare ni uko virus yihinduranyije ya Delta yahoze yitwa iyo mu Buhinde, ikomeje gukwirakwira.
WHO kuri uyu 1 Nyakanga yatangaje ko iriya virus yiganje cyane muri Afurika y’Epfo, ndetse hashingiwe kuri raporo ziheruka, yabonetse mu bipimo 97% byafashwe muri Uganda na 79% by’ibipimo byafashwe muri Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo mu minsi ishize.
Bijyanye n’izamuka ry’ubwandu mu Rwanda, birashoboka ko wenda ihari ushingiye ku buryo abanye-Congo benshi binjiye mu Rwanda ubwo Nyiragongo yarukaga, cyangwa se abantu bajya muri Uganda mu buryo butemewe.
Ku wa Kabiri Minisitiri w’Ubuzima Dr Ngamije Daniel yabwiye abanyamakuru ati “Ku bijyanye na Coronavirus yihinduranyije, ubushakashatsi burakorwa, kandi koko niba iyo yihinduranyije y’Abahinde iri mu bindi bihugu duturanye, nta gitangaza ko ushobora kuyumva mu Rwanda, ni ibintu bishoboka.”
“Iyi virus ifite ukuntu igenda yihinduranya kugira ngo ibashe kubaho nayo, kuko nibwo buryo bwayo bwo kugira ngo ihangane n’inkingo n’imiti yindi ihari kugira ngo iyirwanye.”
Ni virus iteye inkeke kuko abaganga basobanura ko niba umuntu wanduye ya coronavirus ya mbere yaranduzaga undi umwe, kuri Delta arimo kwaduza bane.
Niba yaranduzaga undi mu gihe cy’iminota 15 bicaranye, ashobora kumwanduza mu masegonda 15.
Ni nako yihuta mu mubiri umuntu akaremba, kuko bitayigora kunyura mu turemangingo dushinzwe kurinda umubiri.
WHO yatangaje ko Delta yandura cyane hagati ya 30%–60% kurusha izindi virus zihinduranyije.
Aho ibintu bigenda bibera bibi, iheruka kubyara indi virus yiswe Delta Plus.
Ibihugu birasabwa kwitonda
Mu gihe mbere byafatwaga ko COVID-19 izahaza abakuze cyangwa bafite indwara zikomeye, ubu byarahindutse. Nko muri Uganda Delta yugarije abato, ku buryo yihariye 66% mu burwayi buri mu bantu batarengeje imyaka 45.
WHO yavuze ko bijyanye n’izamuka ry’ubwandu bushya n’abantu baremba hirya no muri Afurika, ubukenerwe bw’umwuka mu bitaro bwageze kuri 50% kurusha uko byari bimeze ku nkubiri ya mbere yabaye mu mwaka ushize.
Si imibare y’ahandi gusa. Minisiteri y’Ubuzima mu Rwanda ivuga ko abarwayi ba COVID-19 bakirwa mu mavuriro bikubye inshuro zirenga 6 mu gihe kitarenga ukwezi.
Umubare w’abongererwa umwuka na wo warazamutse cyane, ubu mu mavuriro hakoreshwa inshuro 10 z’ingano y’umwuka wakoreshwaga uku kwezi kugitangira.
Dr. Matshidiso Moeti uyobora WHO muri Afurika yavuze ko bijyanye n’izi virus nshya, ukwiyongera k’ubwandu bushya gusobanuye umubare munini w’abaremba n’abapfa.
Ati “Buri wese agomba kugira icyo akora agakaza uburyo bwo kwirinda kugira ngo duhagarike ko iki kibazo cyihutirwa cyahinduka akumiro.”
Uretse virus ya Delta irimo kuzamuka cyane, virus za Alpha (yo mu Bwongereza) na Beta (yo muri Afurika y’Epfo) zimaze kugaragara muri Afurika mu bihugu 32 na 27 nk’uko zikurikirana.
Icyizere ku nkingo gishobora kuraza amasinde
Kugeza ubu inkingo nyinshi zimaze kwemezwa nk’izishobora kwifashishwa mu gukingira COVID-19 mu buryo bwihutirwa, zirimo Sinovac, Sinopharm, Pfizer-BioNTech, AstraZeneca, Modern na Janssen Ad26.CoV2.S.
Ibihugu bikize byagiye bishora imari mu mishinga yo gutunganya izi nkingo zikiri mu cyiciro cy’ubushakashatsi, bikagendana n’amasezerano ya miliyoni nyinshi z’inkingo bizahabwa umunsi zizaba zemejwe.
Bivuze ko bya bihugu bikennye biri inyuma cyane ku murongo utangirwa n’ibihugu bikize.
Uyu munsi muri Afurika yose abaturage miliyoni 15 bonyine nibo bakingiwe byuzuye, bangana na 1.2% by’abatuye uyu mugabane bose.
Nyamara nko muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nibura 67% by’abantu bakuru babonye urukingo rumwe, u Bwongereza buri muri 60%.
Mu Rwanda hamaze gukingirwa 391,870 muri miliyoni 7.8 Leta yiyemeje ko zizakingirwa (60% by’abaturage) kugeza mu 2022. Ni ukuvuga ko 5% gusa ari bo babonye nibura urukingo rumwe.
Kugeza ubu hahanzwe amaso ibintu bibiri: kuba ibihugu bikize byaba bisaranganyije inkingo nyinshi bifite, ndetse hagafungurwa inganda nshya ku mugabane wa Afurika.
Mbere Afurika yakoreshaga cyane inkingo iza AstraZeneca zikorerwa muri Serum Institute of India, zakwirakwizwaga muri gahunda mpuzamahanga yo gufasha ibihugu kubona inkingo yiswe COVAX.
Kuva ubwandu bwaba bwinshi mu Buhinde, hatanzwe itegeko rihagarika kohereza inkingo mu mahanga, ngo habanze hitabwe ku Bahinde ubwabo basaga miliyari 1.3.
Mu gusaranganya inkingo, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika iheruka gusaranganya inkingo miliyoni 80, ndetse yemeye kugura izindi miliyoni 500 za Pfizer zizahabwa ibihugu 92 bikennye mbere ya Kamena 2022.
Umushinga wo gukorera inkingo kuri uyu mugabane nawo ugenda ushyirwamo imbaraga, aho hemejwe ko uzakorerwa mu bihugu bitatu by’u Rwanda, Senegal na Afurika y’Epfo.
Afurika y’Epfo isanganywe ubushobozi bwo gukora inkingo za Johnson &Johnson binyuze mu kigo Aspen Pharmacare, ndetse bivugwa ko Senegal izifashisha ikigo Institut Pasteur gisanganywe ubushobozi bwo gukora inkingo, gikorera muri icyo gihugu.
Ni mu gihe mu Rwanda umushinga ukiri ku cyiciro cyo kubaka ubushobozi.
Ku wa Gatatu u Rwanda rwasinyanye amasezerano n’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, EU, y’inkunga ya miliyari 3.6 Frw.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Iterambere, RDB, cyasobanuye ko ari amafaranga azafasha mu kugura ibikoresho bikenewe n’Ikigo Gishinzwe Kugenzura Ibiribwa n’Imiti, Rwanda FDA, kikagira ubushobozi buzaha icyizere abashoramari mu bijyanye n’ubugenzuzi bw’imiti n’inkingo.
Bisobanuye ko gukorera inkingo mu Rwanda atari iby’ejo mu gitondo.
Ni urugendo ariko rw’ingenzi, bijyanye no kuba muri Afurika hakorerwa 1% gusa by’inkingo zose ikenera.
Amaherezo ni ayahe?
Ibihugu byo mu Burayi bikataje mu gukingira COVID-19, ndetse muri iki gihe abaturage bari mu byishimo kubera ko ibihumbi byinshi birimo gukoranira muri za sitade bireba imikino ya EURO 2020.
Nubwo muri sitade harimo amashyi n’akaruru kubera ibitego birimo gutsindwa cyangwa bihushwa, mu gikari inzego z’ubuzima zifite ubwoba bw’ibizakurikira.
Ku wa 30 Kamena inzego z’ubuzima muri Scotland zatangaje ko habonetse ubwandu bushya 1991, kandi bibiri bya gatatu banduye bavuye i London kureba umukino wahuje igihugu cyabo n’u Bwongereza ku wa 18 Kamena.
Mu Burayi ubwandu bushya mu Cyumweru gishize bwazamutseho 10% nyuma y’ibyumweru 10 byari bishize bumanuka, ku buryo WHO yasabye ko imikino ya EURO 2020 icungirwa hafi.
Ibi byose birerekana ko gukingira bidahagarika COVID-19 ubwabyo, ari nayo mpamvu abantu basabwa gukomeza kwirinda kugeza bose bakingiwe, cyangwa se abafite ibyago byinshi.
Ikindi ni uko gukingirwa COVID-19 bitagitanga ubwirinzi buhambaye nk’ubwatekerezwaga mbere y’uko coronavirus itangira kwihinduranya.
Byongeye, uko abantu benshi bandura ni nako virus ibona uko yihinduranya, bityo ikazakomeza guteza ibibazo kurusha uko abantu babikekaga.
Nyamara abaganga bagaragaza ko kwirinda COVID-19 byoroshye kurusha indwara nyinshi zatsinzwe nka Ebola. Ikibazo ni ukudohoka.
Icyo umuntu asabwa ni ukwambara agapfukamunwa neza, gukaraba intoki n’amazi meza n’isabune no kwirinda kujya ahantu hafunganye.
Abaturarwanda banashishikarizwa ko aho bishoboka imirimo yabo bajya bayikorera hanze kuko bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura, cyane ko virus yandurira no mu mwuka. N’igihe abantu bari mu modoka, bashishikarizwa gufungura ibirahuri.
