Kubera ubumenyi bucye, hari bamwe bumva ko kuvuganira ubwoko runaka bw’ibinyabuzima ari uguta umwanya no kuba imburamukoro! Icyakora si ko bimeze kuko uko gupfa kw’ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima runaka, gusiga icyuho mu mikoranire y’ibindi binyabuzima.
Iyi niyo mpamvu abahanga mu binyabuzima batabariza ibikururanda n’ibinyamagaragamba kuko biri gucika ku isi. Bavuga ko hatagize igikorwa 20% yabyo yazashira mu gihe gito kiri imbere.
Impamvu y’akaga ibi binyabuzima bihura nako ni ukwikunda kwa muntu, ubisanga aho bituye akaza azanye imashini akaharimarima, ibidapfuye bikamuhunga.
Uko guhora bisiragizwa bituma hari byinshi bihagwa, ibirokotse bikazagorwa no kubona ahandi bitura habinogeye, bishobora kororokera.
Imijyi n’ibikorwa remezo bijyana nayo nibyo bituma ibikururanda n’ibinyamagaragamba(inzoka, utunyamasyo,…) bipfa umusubirizo, ibidapfuye ako kanya bikazazira kutagira aho biba ngo bituze byororoke.
Abahanga bamaze kugenzura basanga amoko 1,829 ya biriya binyabuzima ari mu marembera.
Muri yo harimo inzoka, imiserebanya, utunyamasyo, ingona, cobras n’ibindi bikoko.
Akamaro k’ibi bikoko ahanini ni ukurya ubundi bwoko bw’inigwahabiri cyangwa ibikururanda byifitemo ubumara bushobora kugirira nabi ibindi binyabuzima harimo n’abantu.
Umuhanga witwa Bruce Young yanditse mu kinyamakuru cyandika kuri Science kitwa Nature cyasohotse kuri uyu wa Gatatu taliki 27, Mata, 2022 ko ibibazo abantu bateza ubundi bwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bibafitemo ingaruka zikomeye nk’izo bateza imikorere y’ikirere binyuze mu kugihumanya.
Bikubiye mu nyandiko yiswe A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods
Ingaruka zigaragarira mu igabanuka ry’umusaruro mu buhinzi kubera ko bimwe mu binyabuzima bifasha mu ibungurira ry’ibimera byicwa n’abantu biturutse mu bikorwa bo baba bita ko ari iby’iterambere.
Mu bikururanada n’ibinyamagaragamba byugarijwe, utunyamasyo tuza ku mwanya wa mbere.
60% byatwo biri mu marembera nyuma yatwo hakurikiraho ingona.
N’ubwo ingona zirya abantu zikabica, ariko akenshi nibo baba bazisanze aho zituye.
Abo zaririye mu Murenge wa Rugarika muri Kamonyi mu mwaka wa 2018 babaga bazisanze kuri Nyabarongo, ntawe zasanze iwe.
Akamaro kazo ubundi ni ukurya inyama zaboze kandi ibi biggira uruhare mu gusukura amazi n’ibishanga.
Mu bushakashatsi bwa ba bahanga, baje kubona ko ibikururanda n’ibinyamagaragamba bihigwa kandi bikicwa kurusha inyamaswa z’inyamabere n’izindi z’ubundi bwoko.
Ikindi gikomeye ni uko no kuzirindira umutekano zikabaho ziri ahantu zitekanye nabyo ari ibintu bigoye kubera imiterere yazo, ibyo zirya, ubushyuhe cyangwa ubukonje imibiri yazo ikenera ngo ibeho, aho ziterera amagi( hafi ya zose zirayatera) n’ibindi.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, Bruce Young avuga ko mu by’ukuri abantu bafite ibikenewe byose ngo barinde ibikururanda n’ibinyamagaragamba.
Ati: “ Kubirinda ntibisaba indi siyansi y’akataraboneka. Bisaba gusa ko tubirekera aho biri tukabiha amahoro, tukirinda gutema ishyamba, gucuruza ibiti bihenze, tukirinda ubuhinzi bukozwe mu kajagari kandi rwose ndababwiza ukuri ko bizafasha cyane abantu n’andi moko menshi cyane y’ibinyabuzima.”
Ibarura ry’ibikururanda n’ibinyamagaragamba biri mu marembera ryakozwe n’abahanga 900 bo hirya no hino ku isi.
Ibyo babonye byashyizwe mu nyandiko n’abahanga 52.
Abahanga 900 bamaze imyaka 15 bakusanya amakuru kuri ibi binyabuzima.
Birumvikana ko nta shyamba rinini ribamo biriya binyabuzima batagenzuye.
Ibyo babonye byasuzumwe kandi n’abandi bahanga( ibyo bita scientific peer review) bo mu kigo mpuzamahanga kiga ibinyabuzima biri hafi gucika kitwa International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List of Threatened Species.
Itsinda ry’aba bahanga ryasuzumye amoko 10,196 ya ziriya nyamaswa hirya no hino ku isi guhera mu mwaka wa 2004 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2019.
Izindi nyamaswa nazo ntizorohewe…
Icyegeranyo cyasohowe n’ihuriro ry’abashakashatsi mu binyabuzima cyerekanye mu mwaka wa 2020 hari amoko 36 yacitse ku isi.
Ntabwo gucika kwayo kwatangiye muri 2020 ngo zirimbuke muri uwo mwaka ahubwo byagiye bitangira kera.
Ubwoko batangiye kwica kera kurusha ubundi muri ayo uko ari 36 ni inyamabere zatangiye kwicwa muri 1875.
Ntabwo inyamaswa zose zihigwa ku muvuduko umwe, zaba zihigwa n’abantu cyangwa zihingwa n’ibindi binyabuzima bishaka kuzirya.
Ikindi kurangira ku isi kwazo biterwa n’ubushobozi bwa buri bwoko bw’inyamaswa bwo kororoka bitewe n’aho zituye.
Kuri iyi ngingo ariko umuntu niwe wabaye ikibazo kuri zo kuko aho ziri nawe aba ahashaka ngo ahature ahazirukane, ahashyire ibimufitiye inyungu n’iyo zaba iz’igihe gito.
Taliki 11, Nzeri, 2020 hasohotse Raporo yasohowe n’Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi kita ku binyabuzima ku isi kitwa WWF Living Planet Index (LPI) ikaba ari ngarukamwaka yerekanye ko ibinyabuzima byinshi ku isi biri gukendera kubera ibikorwa bya muntu.
Bavuze ko kugeza ubu ibinyabuzima bingana na 68%.
Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni iki?
Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima ni uruhurirane rw’amoko anyuranye y’inyamaswa zaba inini n’intoya, zaba izishobora kuboneshwa ijisho cyangwa izitagaragara, ibimera by’amoko yose n’ibisa nabyo biboneka ku isi, no mu nda yayo hakiyongeraho aho biba hatandukanye.
Muri Pariki y’Akagera hari urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye birimo inyamaswa z’amoko atari amwe usanga abumbiye mu byiciro bibiri aribyo:
* IBIBURANGORO ni ukuvuga Inyamaswa zitagira urutirigongo.
*Hari n’inyamaswa zifite urutirigongo:
-Duhereye ku nyamaswa zifite urutirigongo kuko arizo nyinshi zigaragara muri za pariki zose zo ku isi, twavugamo inyamaswa z’inyamabere, amafi, intubutubu, inyoni, n’ibikururanda.
-Iyo dukurikijeho inyamaswa zitagira urutirigongo dusangamo inigwahabiri, ibishorobwa, ibitagangurirwa, ibitambara n’izindi.
Kuba hari amoko acika ku isi ni ikibazo gikomeye kuko nta kinyabuzima kidafitiye umuntu akamaro mu buryo buziguye cyangwa butaziguye.
Ikindi ni uko buri bwoko bw’ikinyabuzima kigirira ikindi akamaro kuko ariko urusobe rwabyo rwubatse.
