Amateka ni umwarimu mwiza ariko akenshi ukoresha ikaramu itukura mu kwandika. Ni uruhurirane rw’ibintu byinshi byaranze imibereho y’abantu, uko bayoboranye, uko bacuruzanyije ndetse n’uko bicanye bapfa inyungu.
Birashoboka ko iyo ari yo mpamvu umudipolomate w’Umwongereza witwaga Winston Churchill yavuze ko amateka yanditswe mu maraso!
Mu nkuru Taarifa Rwanda igiye gutambutsa, abasomyi bazibutswa imwe mu nama zikomeye zigeze kubaho mu mateka ya muntu yafatiwemo ibyemezo byahinduye imiterere y’Umugabane wa Afurika, ikaba yarabereye mu Budage, mu Murwa mukuru Berlin.
Ingaruka z’imyanzuro yayifatiwemo ziragaragara muri iki gihe mu gihe izindi zo zihishe mu buryo bufifitse.
Abagabo bambaye imyenda yari igezweho kandi y’abakomeye ku isi muri icyo gihe, bahuriye mu Budage baganira uko bashobora kwigabanya Umugabane wa Afurika wari ukiri mushya mu bitabo by’ubushakashatsi.
Nta muntu wo muri Afurika wari uhari nta n’uwo muri Aziya wahatumiwe, ahubwo bose bari abo mu Burayi n’Abanyamerika basaga nk’indorerezi.
Nyuma y’uko ba mutemberezi(explorers) batembereye bakagera muri Afurika, basubiye iwabo bandika ibitabo, baganiriza ibikomangoma by’iwabo babibwira ko hari umugabane mushya ahandi ku isi utuwe n’abantu bafite imbaraga kandi batuye ku butaka bushobora kubyazwa umusaruro.
Ayo makuru yatumye ibihugu byohereza abantu babyo ngo bajye gusura aho hantu, nibahagera, buri wese ahashinge ibendera ry’igihugu cye yirinda ko yazahahanganira n’undi uzahaza nyuma ye.
Byasaga no gutanga umugabo ko runaka wo mu gihugu runaka yahageze mbere y’abandi bityo ko nta we ukwiye kuza kumuvundira.
Kubera ko hari bamwe bavugaga ko bariya bafashe ahantu heza kurusha abandi, byatangiye guteza ‘umwuka mubi’ ku buryo hari impungenge ko ibihugu nk’Ubudage, Ubufaransa, Espagne, Portugal, Ububiligi, Ubwongereza n’ibindi byashoboraga kurwanira iyo ku wundi mugabane.
Mu rwego rwo gushaka uko uwo mwuka mubi wahosha, umwe mu badipolomate bari bakomeye mu Burayi bw’icyo gihe witwa Otto von Bismarck yasanze ibyiza ari ugutumiza inama ngari yo kwigiramo icyo kibazo.
Hagati y’italiki 15, Ugushyingo, 1884 na taliki 26, Gashyantare, 1885 nibwo abadipolomate bo mu Burayi bahuriye i Berlin mu nama yari yatumijwe na Bismarck.
Muri icyo gihe cyose, baganiriye uko bakwigabanya ubutaka bushya bwa Afurika bwari buherutse kuvumburwa, bigakorwa babyumvikanye, hirindwa rwaserera yashoboraga kuvamo intambara.
Kugira ngo igikorwa cyo kwigabanya Afurika gikorwe neza, abari baje muri iyo nama bari bafite ikarita nini ya Afurika iyerekana yose uko yakabaye.
Bayirambuye ku rukuta aho buri wese n’igihugu yari ahagarariye yashoboraga kureba akavuga ati: “Njye mumpe hariya, ndabona ari ho hambera heza!”
Kuhahitamo byaterwaga ahanini n’amakuru y’umutungo kamere yahagaragaraga, ni ukuvuga amabuye y’agaciro, imigezi n’inzuzi, amashyamba n’ibindi.
Ibyari bihafite ijambo rinini ni Ubufaransa, Ubudage bwo bukahaba nk’umukemurampaka, n’aho Espagne, Portugal n’Ububiligi byo byari mu mpaka ndende zo kumenya niba biri buhabwe ubutaka byifuzaga ku kabi n’akeza.
Ubudage bwa Otto von Bismarck nibwo bwatangije inama, buvuga impamvu yayo.
Bismarck yavugaga ko yayitumije yirinda ko umwuka mubi hagati y’ibihugu by’Uburayi wazavamo intambara ishingiye ku bucuruzi bihuriyeho aho muri Afurika.
Yababwiye ko intego y’Abanyaburayi muri Afurika ikwiye kuba iyo gutuma abayituye basirimuka, bakaba abantu borohereza Abanyaburayi gucuruzanya.
Kuri we, imikoranire inoze hagati y’Abanyaburayi yari bubahe uburyo bwo kwegera abaturage ba Afurika bakabigisha ibya ruzungu bityo inyungu z’Uburayi zikaboneka n’igihugu cye kikabyungukiramo.
Ubwongereza bwo bwari buhagarariwe na Sir Edward Malet akaba yari asanzwe ari Ambasaderi wabwo mu Budage.
Ingingo yatangaga yari iyo gutuma Abanyaburayi birinda kurwana bapfa inzuzi nini z’Afurika ari zo Uruzi rwa Niger n’uruzi rwa Congo, akavuga ko izo nzuzi ari iz’Ubwongereza.
Yavugaga yeruye ko Ubwongereza bukomeye kuri izo nzuzi kuko ari zo zibufasha gucuruza no kwagura amaboko.
Ubufaransa bwari buhagarariwe na Alphonse Chodron de Courcel. Ingingo yari ahagazeho yari iy’uko igihugu cye kigomba guhabwa ubutaka mu Burengerazuba bwa Afurika n’ubw’iyo Hagati.
Chodron de Courcel yavugaga ko igihugu cye kizabyaza umusaruro ubwo butaka kandi ababutuye bakabaho neza.
Umwami w’Ububiligi witwa Leopold II ntiyitabiriye iriya nama.
Icyakora yagize uruhare rukomeye mu byayivugiwemo.
Intumwa z’igihugu cye zabwiye abari bayirimo ko Ububiligi nta kindi bushaka kitari Congo.
Ababiligi bashakaga Congo ku buryo bumvaga ibindi bice bya Afurika nta kintu byabamarira.
Iterambere umwami w’Ububiligi yavugaga ko azageza ku baturage ba Congo ryasimbuwe n’imirimo y’agahato yahitanye benshi mu bayituye, abandi bakorerwa ibya mfura mbi birimo kubakata ibiganza, umunwa no kujya kubamurika nk’aho ari inyamaswa zimukirwa ba mukerarugendo.
Umwami w’Ububiligi yashinze inzu bita Human Zoo yashyiragamo abaturage ba Congo kugira ngo ba mukerarugendo baze kureba uko Abirabura benda cyangwa basa n’ingagi.
Iyi nzu yayubatse ahitwa Tervuren, ayimurikiramo Abirabura 267 bavaga muri Congo.
Aho bagenzi be b’Abanyaburayi babimenyeye, nibwo Leopold II yatangiye kureka ibyo kumurika abaturage ba Congo, abireka nyuma y’uko bishyizwe ahagaragara n’umunyamakuru wo mu Bwongereza wabicukumbuye witwaga Edmund Dene Morel.
Ububiligi bwakoreye ibya mfura mbi abaturage ba Congo mu gihe kirekire kuko byatangiye mu mwaka wa 1908 birangira muwa 1960 ni ukuvuga imyaka 52.
Tugarutse kuri ya nama yabereye i Berlin, igihugu cya Portugal cyari kiyihagarariwemo na Luciano Cordeiro wavugaga ko igihugu cye kiri mu byabanjirije ibindi kuvumbura Afurika mu bice byayo bitandukanye bikozwe na ba mutemberezi bayo( Portugal explorers).
Iki gihugu cyasabaga Ubwongereza n’Ubufaransa kutitambika, ahubwo bigashaka ahandi byakwigabanya kuko hari hahari.
Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika nazo zari zihari ariko bisa n’aho zidashishikajwe n’uko kwigabanya Afurika.
Minisitiri wa Amerika mu Budage witwaga John A. Kasson niwe wari uyihagarariye ariko yahavuye nta jambo ahavuze.
Ibindi bihugu byari aho byagize uruhande bishyigikira hashingiwe ku nyungu zisangiwe.
Nyuma yo kumvikana uko ibintu byari bigiye kugenda, abadipolomate bari bitabiriye iyo nama bemeranyije imbibi za buri gihugu mu kwigabanya Afurika.
Ni ibyemezo byafatiwe Afurika idahari kandi itabajijwe kandi bihita bihinduka itegeko ryagombaga guhita rishyirwa mu bikorwa.
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko byazafatwa nk’ubucakara, abitabiriye iriya nama bahise basinya iteka rihagarika ubucakara aho bwakorerwaga hose muri Afurika.
Icyakora hari abavuga ko iki cyemezo cyari urwiyerurutso kuko n’ubundi bitabujije abo banyabushobozi gukoresha ububasha bwabo mu kunyunyuza imitsi y’abari batuye Afurika y’icyo gihe.
Uretse ibihugu bibiri ari byo Ethiopia na Liberia, ibindi byose bigize 90% bya Afurika yose byari mu bukoloni ahagana mu mwaka wa 1914.
Muri uwo mwaka kandi nibwo Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi yabaga.
Mu kwigabanya Afurika, Abanyaburayi ntibigeze bagira ikintu na kimwe bitaho, ngo barebe niba nta bantu bo mu bwoko n’umuco bimwe bazatandukanywa na bagenzi babo bikazateza ibibazo mu gihe kizaza.
Ingaruka z’imyanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama ziragaragara cyane muri iki gihe kuko hari abaturage bamwe bafatwa nk’aho ari abanyamahanga mu gihugu cyabo bitewe n’uko bavuga ururimi rusa n’urwabo.
Baruvuga kubera ko mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu muri Afurika, abo baturage bahoze ari bamwe, basangiye byose.
