Umuyobozi mukuru wa BPR, Patience Mutesi ni uko abyemera. Aherutse guha ikiganiro Sanny Ntayombya kuri YouTube avuga ko Banki ziba zigomba kwitonda ntizihubuke ngo zitange amafaranga y’abandi ngo ni uko umushinga uzanywe na runaka ukoze neza.

Mutesi avuga ko kimwe mu bintu bikunze kugaragara, ari uko cyanecyane urubyiruko rwibwira ko kuba umushinga wanditse neza( babyita business plan) ubwabyo biba bivuze ko uhabwa inguzanyo byanze bikunze.

Patience Mutesi avuga ko wenda igihe kizagera abantu bakumva ko hejuru yo kwandika neza umushinga hiyongeraho n’ibindi Banki ziba zigomba kwitondera, zikabikora zizirikana ko amafaranga ziguriza abantu aba ari ay’abandi bayavunikiye igihe kirekire bakazizera ngo ziyababikire.

Ati: “ Banki ntizibereyeho gutera inkunga ibitekerezo byanditse neza ngo ni uko byanditse bityo. Amafaranga tuguriza abantu ni ay’abandi baba baratubikije.”

Ahubwo atanga inama z’uko abashaka kugurizwa na Banki bagombye kuba bafite amafaranga yabo y’ifatizo, noneho nushatse kubaguriza akagira aho ahera.

Asanga hari benshi bibeshya ko banki zishinzwe guha abantu amafaranga ngo bayashore, mu kwibeshya batyo bakibwira ko igitekerezo cyose cyanditse neza mu buryo bwa gihanga kiba kigomba byanze bikunze kugurizwa.

Icyo banki zishinzwe, nk’uko uyu muhanga mu icungamari abivuga, ni ugucunga neza amafaranga abantu bazibikije, zikayacunga ngo hato adahabwa abandi bakayapfusha ubusa.

Icyo abona gikwiye, ni uko abashaka amafaranga bagombye kuba hari ayo basanganywe, bumva baheraho, akemeza ko igihe cyose ibyo bitarumvikana, banki zizahorana impungenge zo guha amafaranga abantu bose ngo ni uko bakoze imishinga myiza.

Ikibazo avuga kirumvikana. Ariko se abantu bafite imishinga myiza ariko badafite amafaranga yo kuyishoramo ngo banki zibunganire bateganyirizwa iki? Ese iyo mishinga igomba gupfa ubusa kuko nta faranga bafite ryo gutangiriraho bayishoramo.

Iki kibazo nta gisubizo agitangira ahubwo mu gutanga urugero rw’ibitekerezo byiza ariko bigomba kwitonderwa na banki mbere yo gutanga amafaranga, Patience Mutesi yavuze kuri rwiyemerazamirimo wigeze kumugezaho umushinga w’ikoranabuhanga rigenewe abazunguzayi.

Ngo yaramubajije ati: “ Ni amafaranga angahe wowe waba waramaze gushoramo cyangwa ufite ngo tukunganire, ansubiza ko nta faranga rye ririmo. Namubajije aho abona nahera noneho muha amafaranga yabitswe n’abandi ngo ayashore mu mushinga nawe ubwe atigeze ashyiramo aye habe na make.”

Kugeza aha birumvikana ariko nanone birerekana icyuho mu rwego rw’imari mu Rwanda cy’uko abantu badafite amikoro yabafasha kugira icyo bishorera ubwabo ariko bafite ibitekerezo bipima miliyoni nyinshi batazigera bacuruza ngo kibyare amafaranga.

Iyo  usuzumye uko Patience Mutesi abibona, usanga kuri we kuguriza umuntu amafaranga ari igikorwa kigendana n’imibare ariko nanone ntigisige kumenya imitekerereze n’imyitwarire bye.

Ati: “ Ikintu cya mbere tuba tugomba gusesengura tukamenya neza ni imikerereze y’umuntu ushaka amafaranga. Mbere y’ibyo byose twibaza niba uwo muntu asanzwe aguza akishyura. Ibi bituma byibura tugira amakuru kuri we yerekana niba ari uwo kwizerwa.”

Mutesi avuga ko BPR ifite umuvuno ukubiyemo ibintu bitanu.

Ibyo ni (1)ukumenya imiterereze y’ushaka umwenda, (2) kumenya ayo ashaka kugurizwa  n’ayo we yateganyirije umushinga, (3)kumenya ubushobozi bwe bwo kuzawucunga neza, (4)kumenya uko yateganyije kuzawukora no (5) kumenya ukuntu bazagabana igihombo biramutse bibaye ngombwa.

Ni bintu mu Cyongereza babyise 5 C’s of credit(character, capital, capacity, conditions and collateral).

Muri ibi byose ariko, imitekerereze ya nyiri umushinga iza mbere ya byose kuko, nk’uko abivuga, hari ingero nyinshi z’abantu bari bafite imishinga inoze ariko iza guhomba kubera kutamenya kwifata no gushyira mu gaciro kwa ba nyirayo.

Ku rundi ruhande, avuga ko hari umukiliya umwe wigeze kuzana umushinga wanditse ku rupapuro rw’ikayi araza yerekana uko uteye bamusuzumye basanga nta hantu na hamwe mu ho yakeneye amafaranga yigeze yambura cyangwa ngo yishyure nabi.

Uyu rero ngo niwe muntu mwiza ukwiye guhabwa inguzanyo kurusha abazana inyandiko zandikishijwe imashini zimeze neza ariko wabagenzura ugasanga  ba nyirawo niba ‘bihemu’ cyangwa ba ‘sesa bayore’.

Guteza icyamunara iby’abandi birababaza…

Ubwo Sanny Ntayombya yamubazaga ikintu kigorana mu kazi ke, atazuyaje yasubije ko ari uguteza cyamunara imitungo y’abananiwe kwishyura banki.

Ati: “ Yewe guteza cyamunara biratugora ariko mu by’ukuri bijya kugera aho ntako tutagize. Turahamagara, tukandikira umuntu amabaruwa, yewe rimwe na rimwe tukareba uko twamworohereza mu kwishyura, ariko hari ubwo byanga pe. Birababaza.”

Gusa nanohe hari ubwo uwagujije yegera banki bakarebera hamwe ibyakorwa ngo yishyure neza kandi hari ubwo bikunda, impande zombi zikanyurwa, imikoranire igakomeza.

Rwose Patience Mutesi avuga ko abantu buri gihe bagomba kuzirikana ko amafaranga arunze mu mitamenwa ya banki atari ay’abakozi ba banki ahubwo ari ay’abantu bayaruhiye bakizera banki ngo iyababikire.

Kuzirikana ibi bizatuma benshi bataza kuyaguza bizeye ko bazayabona byanze bikunda kandi n’abo agurijwe bakibuka ko bazayishyura ku nyungu no mu gihe impande zombi zemeranyijeho.

Ikindi kintu banki zitinya ni ubujura bukoresha ikoranabuhanga kuko ntawe umenya igihe abajura barikosha bazagabira igitero n’ubukana kizaza gifite.

Mutesi avuga ko hejuru y’ibi bitero, ibindi bintu bibiri bimubuza gusinzira ari uburyo abatse umwenda bazawishyura ndetse n’ubumenyi bw’abakozi ba banki n’abakiliya bazo muri rusange ku byerekeye uko imari icungwa neza.

Yabwiye Ntayombya ati: “ Ntawe umenya igihe igitero cy’ikoranabuhanga kizazira. Kuko 90% by’amafaranga yacu aba ari imyenda, bituma iki kintu kimbuza ibitotsi. Igikomeye kurushaho ni abakozi n’abakiliya muri rusange kuko ikintu cyerekeye urwego rw’imari mu Rwanda ntikirakura cyane.”

Ku byerekeye ingingo y’uko urwego rw’imari mu Rwanda rusa n’urwigaruriwe n’abanyamahanga, Patience Mutesi avuga ko abibwira ko kuba uru rwego rurimo abanyamahanga benshi bivuze ko Abanyarwanda atari bo bene izo banki, bibeshya.

Mu gutanga urugero muri  BPR, yavuze ko 90% by’abafata ibyemezo mu gutanga inguzanyo ari Abanyarwanda.

Yunzemo ati: “ Mu gukorana bya cyane n’abandi banyabanki bo mu mahanga, byatumye tubona ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga tutari bugereho iyo tubikora twenyine.”

Patience Mutesi yahishuye ikintu gikomeye kiri mu Rwanda muri iki gihe cy’uko ku ijanisha rya 96% ry’amafaranga ari mu baturage( financial inclusion), iringana na 22% ari ryo riri muri za banki gusa andi yose acungwa n’ibigo by’itumanaho ari byo MTN na Airtel.

Ibi byerekana ko banki zitagifite akazi ko gucunga amafaranga zonyine ahubwo zabonye ba mukeba bakomeye bakora bihuse kandi kubageraho bikoroha.

Umuyobozi wa BPR avuga nabo batangiye uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwo korohereza abakiliya babo ngo babone serivisi z’ikoranabuhanga mu by’imari bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga.

Abajijwe icyo abona abantu bashaka kwihaza mu rwego rw’imari bakwiriye kwitondera, yavuze ko ari ngombwa kwita cyane k’uguhitamo uwo muzashakana.

Avuga ko uwo mwashakanye ashobora kukubera isoko y’ubukire cyangwa akakubera inzitizi mu iterambere.

Ati: “ Iyo uwo mwashakanye mudahuje uburyo mubonamo amafaranga, haba hari ibyago ko mutazumvikana kuri byinshi. Ntushobora kugera ku mari mu gihe uhora muri rwaserera. Niyo mwagira ibya mirenge ku ntenyo ntibizatinda gukendera.”

Ku byerekeye akamaro k’ubwenge buhangano mu ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa muri za banki, Patience Mutesi yavuze ko iryo koranabuhanga rizafasha mu kwihutisha imikorere ariko ko abantu bazahora ari bo bamenya icyo gushyira mu gaciro bivuze n’icyo kuyobora abandi bisaba.

Uyu muhanga mu by’amabanki agira urubyiruko inama yo kumenya icyo amafaranga ari cyo, icyo amaze, uko akorerwa, uko abikwa, uko yunguka n’icyo mu by’ukuri amariye abantu.