Mu mwaka wa 2024, u Rwanda rwatoye Itegeko rigenga iby’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge. Ni Itegeko No 055/2024 ryo kuwa 20/06/2024 ririnda umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge rikaba ryaratangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa Tariki 31, Nyakanga, 2024.
Ryasimbuye Itegeko No 31/2009 ryo kuwa 26/10/2009 ryari ryaravuguwe riba Itegeko No 50/2018 ryo kuwa 13/08/2018.
Mu Itegeko rishya hasobanurwa ibintu bigomba kurebwa no kurindwa iby’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge.
Ibi kandi bijyanye n’ibisanzwe birebwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ubwo ryavururwaga, mu mwaka wa 2024 nk’uko bimeze kugeza ubu, iri tegeko rigaruka kuri izi ngingo:
Riteganya mu ngingo yaryo wavuga ko ari iy’ibanze kandi ikaba iya mbere ko mu Kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe iterambere, RDB, haba Ishami ryihariye rishinzwe kugenzura niba uwo mutungo warandikishijwe kandi rikawurinda.
Inzego zo muri Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, n’izo muri Minisiteri y’urubyiruko zikorana n’ishami rya RDB rishinzwe kwindika imishinga Registrar General mu gucunga ko ibyo byubahirizwa.
Iyo mikoranire igamije ko, binyuze muri izo nzego, umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge urindwa, hirindwa ko inzego zagonganira mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryaryo.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko ishami rya RDB rishinzwe kwindika imishinga Registrar General Office ari ryo rigenzura ibyo byose mu gucunga ko ibyo byubahirizwa nk’uko Itegeko rishya mu by’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge ryabiteganyije.
Ingingo ya kabiri yaryo [mu gaka ka kabiri] hateganyijwe ko abahanze umutungo wabo mu by’ubwenge bagomba kuwumenyekanisha kare, bakerekana itariki babihangiye n’iyo bumva ko ikwiye kwemerezwaho ko uwo mutungo ari uwabo bwite koko.
Rinatenganya kandi ko na mbere y’uko uwo mutungo wemezwa budasubirwaho, hari uburyo uba urinzwemo, hagati aho…
Mu ngingo ya 25 y’iri tegeko iri mu kintu cya gatatu cy’ingenzi kirigize handitsemo ko abashaka ko umutungo wabo mu by’ubwenge wandikwa bafite n’uburenganzira bwo kuba hagira ibihindurwamo mbere y’uko ubandikwaho burundu.
Iha abo bantu uburyo bw’uko hagati aho bagira ibyo banoza.
Iyo abo bantu ari abanyamahanga, baba bagomba gukora ibisabwa n’iri tegeko ariko bakanareba ibindi bikubiye mu masezerano mpuzamahanga bita Patent Cooperation Treaty n’andi yasinyiwe muri Zimbabwe yitwa Harare Protocol.
Ibi biri mu ngingo ya 66 iteganya n’ikiguzi cy’ibyo byose.
Indi ngingo ya kane ni irebana no kumenya no kurinda umutungo ushingiye bintu gakondo by’umuco bisanzwe biteganyijwe mu itegeko ryavuguruwe bita mu Cyongereza Repealed IP Law.
Ritenganya ibintu bitandukanye byo kurindwa birimo ibimera, ibintu bitandukanye bishingiye ku turemangingo fatizo, ubumenyi bushingiye ku muco gakondo, imbyino gakondo n’ibindi.
Icyakora ibyo byari bitaremezwa bya burundu ngo bishyirwe mu bikorwa kugeza ubwo itegeko rivugwa aha ryemezwaga bya burundu mu mwaka wa 2024.
Mu kurisoma uzasangamo ibyerekeye kurengera umutungo bwite mu by’imiti.
Nubwo mbere ibi bitari byarashyizwemo, Itegeko ry’ubu ryo rirabigena, rikashyiraho ibigenwa ngo abantu bagere ku miti n’ibindi by’ubuvuzi.
Ingingo ya 23 [mu gaka ka kabiri] hagena uko ibyemezo ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubuvuzi bitangwa, ababihabwa n’ibyo bagomba kuzuza.
Muri ryo ariko ntiharimo ibintu Minisiteri y’ubuzima yabujije ko bikoreshwa mu buvuzi mu Rwanda.
Ikigamijwe ni ugukora k’uburyo ubuzima bw’abaturage buvurwa ariko naba rwiyemezamirimo ntibakumirwe mu guhanga umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge binyuze mu nganda zikora imiti.
Ikintu cya gatanu kivugwa muri iri tegeko mu ngingo yaryo ya 29 kijyanye n’uburenganzira butangwa n’inzego zirimo n’iza Leta mu guha rwiyemirimo runaka uburenganzira ku kintu runaka, ibyo bita ‘patent’ mu Cyongereza.
Ni ikintu kandi gitanga uburenganzira bw’uko haramutse hari usanze hari ibikwiye kwitambikwa mu kwemerera runaka ko uwo mutungo umwandikwaho, biba bishobora gusuzumirwa ishingiro.
Bireba ahanini ibijyanye n’inganda, bikaba uburyo bwo kurinda ko hari ibyazagira ingaruka ku baturage mu gihe nyiri uruganda yemerewe ko ntawundi uwo mutungo mu by’ubwenge wanditsweho utari we.
Ingingo ya gatandatu iri muri iri tegeko cyanecyane mu ngingo yaryo ya 63 igena ibikurikizwa ngo uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge wahanzwe n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’ubucuruzi cyangwa abanyamahanga ku giti cyabo byemerwe kandi birindwe.
Bigomba ariko gukorwa hakurikijwe ibiteganywa mu masezerano mpuzamahanga abigena bita Patent Cooperation Treaty n’andi y’i Harare muri Zimbabwe yitwa Harare Protocol u Rwanda rwasinye.
Bituma uwo mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge wahangiwe imahanga wemerwa mu Rwanda nk’uko n’uwahahangiwe nawo wemewe byose bigakorwa bishingiye ku mategeko Inteko Ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda yatoye.
Mu gusoma iri tegeko uzabonamo ingingo (ni iya karindwi mu z’ingenzi zirigize) igena uko umutungo mu bw’ubwenge bitazwi nyirawo usobanurwa, uko urengerwa n’uko ucungwa.
Hari ubwo umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge uburirwa nyirawo bityo ingingo ivugwa aha ikagena uko bigenda iyo ibintu ari uko byifashe.
Umutungo uvugwa aha itegeko ryawise ‘Orphan Works’ mu Cyongereza.
Iyi ngingo iraguka ikagera no k’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge ushingiye ku majwi, amashusho n’amafoto, kandi ikawurinda waba ari uw’Abanyarwanda cyangwa uw’abanyamahanga bakorera mu Rwanda.
Itegeko rivugwa aha ntirivuga gusa ibishya byarishyizwemo ahubwo rigaruka no ku byarihozemo ritaravugururwa.
Ingingo ya munani igaragara muri iri tegeko ni iyo wakwita ko ari inyoroshyo ku bandikisha ibirango by’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge.
Ishingiye k’ukongerera abantu igihe gihagije cyo kureba ibyo banoza byerekeye ibyo birango( mu bucuruzi babyita trademarks), bakabinoza binyuze mu kwandika byitondewe ibigize ubusabe bwabo.
Mbere hagenwaga iminsi irindwi, ariko ubu yabaye 14 ni ukuvuga ibyumweru bibiri.
Inyandiko isobanura iyi ngingo y’itegeko mu ngingo ya 188 isobanura neza ibiyisabwaho, bikaba bigomba kwandikwa mu buryo burambuye kandi bwumvikana hirindwa kwiganana no guteza urujijo ku mwimerere w’umutungo runaka mu by’ubwenge.
Iyo icyo kirango cyahanzwe n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cyangwa abantu bo hanze y’u Rwanda, itegeko rigena ko iyo ishami rishinzwe kwandika umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge mu gace wahangiwewe( ni ukuvuga igihugu runaka)ribonye ko hari ibitanoze, riba rigomba kumenyesha abo bireba mu gihe cy’amezi 12, ingingo ya 226 igasobanura ibisabwa byose ngo ibintu bibe bisobanutse.
Iyo bigaragaye ko ikigo runaka cy’aho uwo mutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge ukomoka( Office of Origin) cyabonye ko hari ibitanoze, ingingo ya 233 y’iri tegeko ivuga ko habaho imikoranire mu gusuzuma ibyo bintu hakarebwa uko byakosorwa hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu itegeko rivugwa aha rireba u Rwanda.
Hagati aho ariko, nyiri uwo mutungo hari uburenganzira aba awufiteho n’ubwo uba utaremezwa mu by’uburyo bwa burundu, ikintu gishobora gutuma hari ibiwurimo bitakwemerwa uko byakabaye.
Ingingo ya cyenda mu itegeko rigenga iby’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge rivuga ko ibirebana naryo byose birimo nibigenwa n’iteka rya Minisitiri nomero 24 ryo kuwa 17/03/2016 rigena igiciro cyishyurwa kuri uwo mutungo, biba bigomba gukomeza gukurikizwa mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu akurikira igihe cyemererewe, keretse iyo bigaragaye ko bidahuza n’itegeko ryavuruwe rivugwa muri iyi nkuru.
Iyo ubisuzumye, ubona ko Itegeko rishya rigenga iby’umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge rigamije muri rusange kugena ibiteganyijwe ngo uwo mutungo wemerwe kandi urindwe igihe cyose ibyo ugamije bifitiye Abanyarwanda akamaro.
Ingingo ya 10 ari nayo ya nyuma muri tegeko nk’uko Taarifa Rwanda irisobanura, yemeza ko abarikoze bari bagamije kurihuza n’amategeko mpuzamahanga cyangwa amasezerano mpuzamahanga agezweho mu kurinda umutungo bwite mu by’ubwenge.
Iri tegeko ritanga umucyo ugenewe ba rwiyemezamirimo n’abandi bashaka gushora mu Rwanda kugira ngo babikore bizeye neza ko ibyo bakoze bizarindwa.
Nk’uko byumvikana, ni ngombwa ko abo bose basobanukirwa n’iri tegeko kugira ngo ritazabagonga kandi Abanyarwanda bavuga ko ‘amategeko arusha amabuye kuremera’.
