Umwuka mubi hagati ya Ethiopia na Eritrea wongeye gufata indi ntera, nyuma y’uko imirwano yubuye mu Majyaruguru ya Ethiopia.
Waje gukomera kugeza ubwo ibihugu byombi byanzuye gufunga za Ambasade no gucyura abadipolomate babyo.
Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 2026, Eritrea yatangaje ko ihagaritse umubano wa dipolomasi na Ethiopia, nyuma y’uko Addis Ababa ifunze Ambasade yayo i Asmara ikirukana abadipolomate 10 ba Eritrea.
Ethiopia yashinjaga Eritrea kuyibangamira binyuze mu gushyigikira imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi, mu gihe Eritrea ihakana ibyo birego.
Umuzi w’amakimbirane
Amateka y’amakimbirane hagati y’ibihugu byombi ahera mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni bw’u Butaliyani.
Mu mwaka wa 1889, umwami w’abami Menelik II wa Ethiopia yasinyanye n’u Butaliyani amasezerano ya Wuchale, aza gukurikirwa n’amakimbirane ku busobanuro bw’ayo masezerano.
Amasezerano ya Wuchale (cyangwa Uccialli) yasinywe ku itariki ya 2 Gicurasi 1889, hagati y’Umwami w’abami Menelik II wa Ethiopia n’Ubutaliyani bwari buhagarariwe na Count Pietro Antonelli.
Yasinyiwe mu mujyi wa Wuchale, mu ntara ya Wollo.
Ibikubiyemo muri rusange
Yari agizwe n’ingingo 20.
Yemeraga imipaka hagati ya Ethiopia n’agace Ubutaliyani bwari bwarafashe ku nkombe z’Inyanja Itukura, ari ko kaje kuba Eritrea nyuma y’aho.
Yateganyaga ubucuruzi, ubufatanye n’ubucuti hagati y’ibihugu byombi.
Ubutaliyani bwemeraga gufasha Ethiopia kubona intwaro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.
Icyakora nyuma yaje kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane kuko ingingo ya 17 hari ibyo itasobanuraga mu buryo bunonosoye, bunyuze impande zombi.
Amasezerano yari yanditse mu ndimi ebyiri, Igiamhariki n’Igitaliyani, ariko inyandiko zombi zidahuje neza ibisobanuro.
Mu Giamhariki, Menelik yashoboraga guhitamo gukoresha Ubutaliyani mu mubano n’amahanga, naho mu ngingo yari yanditswe mu Gitaliyani, Ethiopia yahatirwaga kubanza kubaza u Butaliyani igihe cyose ishatse kugira icyo ikorana n’amahanga, ibyo bikaba byari bimeze nk’ubudahangarwa yambuwe.
Ubutaliyani bwakoresheje icyo gisobanuro kugira ngo bubwire ibindi bihugu by’i Burayi ko Ethiopia iri munsi yabwo.
Menelik amaze kumenya iryo tandukaniro mu 1890, yarivuguruje yanga iyo ngingo.
Mu 1893 yahise atesha agaciro ayo masezerano mu buryo bwa burundu bihita bikurura intambara yamaze umwaka, ihera mu 1895-1896, irangira Ethiopia itsindiye Ubutaliyani ahitwa i Adwa ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1896.
Ni yo ntsinzi ikomeye Abanyafurika bagezeho bahanganye n’abakoloni b’Abanyaburayi. Amasezerano ya Addis Ababa yo mu Kwakira 1896 yemeje ubwigenge bwa Ethiopia.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu mwaka wa 1890, u Butaliyani bwatangaje Eritrea nk’agace bukoloniza.
Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi, Eritrea yakomeje gukolonizwa na Ethiopia, ariko iza gushaka kwigenga biteza intambara yaje gutuma habaho referandumu yatumye Eritrea yigenga mu mwaka wa 1993.
Nyuma y’ubwigenge, ibihugu byombi byongeye kurwana kuva mu 1998 kugeza mu 2000, bipfa imipaka ikora ku gace ka Badme.
Intambara yahitanye abantu benshi, isiga umubano w’ibihugu byombi warazambye.
Amasezerano y’amahoro yo mu 2018 ntacyo yatanze
Nubwo byari amahoro, ariko yari acagase kuko buri ruhande rwahoraga ruryamiye amajanja, rutinya ko urundi rwarutera, bikagendana n’uko ingabo z’ibihugu byombi zihoraga ku mipaka ziteguye.
Mu 2018, Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Ethiopia, Abiy Ahmed na Perezida wa Eritrea, Isaias Afwerki, basinyanye amasezerano yo guhagarika umwuka mubi wari umaze imyaka myinshi.
Icyo gihe Ethiopia yongeye gutsura umubano na Eritrea, bitanga icyizere cy’uko mu ihembe ry’Afurika hashobora kubonekamo amahoro arambye.
Nyuma yaho ariko, umubano wongeye kuzamo agatotsi, cyane cyane nyuma y’intambara ya Tigray yabaye hagati ya 2020 na 2022.
Eritrea yarwanye iri ku ruhande rwa Guverinoma ya Ethiopia, ariko ntiyashyizwe mu basinye ku nyandiko y’amasezerano yasinyiwe i Pretoria muri Afurika y’Epfo mu mwaka wa 2022.
Bapfa inyungu zo gukora ku Nyanja Itukura
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye biteranya Addis Ababa na Asmara muri iki gihe ni ubushake bwa Ethiopia bwo kubona uburyo buhamye bwo kugera ku Nyanja Itukura.
Aho Eritrea iboneye ubwigenge, ikitandukanya na Ethiopia byayihaye uburyo bwiza bwo gukora ku Nyanja Itukura, bituma Ethiopia isigara hakurya aho gukora ku nyanja biyogora cyane.
Guverinoma ya Abiy Ahmed yavugaga ko kubona inzira igana ku nyanja ari ingenzi ku mutekano n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, mu gihe Eritrea itinya ko ibyo byaba intandaro yo gushaka kugenzura icyambu cya Assab isanzwe yigengaho.
Muri Nzeri 2026, imirwano yongeye kubura muri Tigray hagati y’ingabo za Leta n’ihuriro ry’imitwe irwanya ubutegetsi.
Ethiopia yashinje Eritrea gushyigikira abo barwanyi, ariko Asmara ikabihakana.
Ku wa 2 Ukwakira, Umuryango wa Afurika Yunze Ubumwe wasabye Ethiopia, Eritrea na Misiri kwirinda amagambo n’ibikorwa byakongera umwuka mubi, usaba ko ibibazo bikemurirwa muri dipolomasi.
Kugeza ku wa 3 Ukwakira, imirwano muri Tigray yari ikomeje, aho ingabo za Ethiopia zari zimaze gufata ikibuga cy’indege cya Mekelle cyari kimaze iminsi kigaruriwe n’abarwanyi badashaka Leta iri ho.
Amerika nayo yasabye Ethiopia na Eritrea kwifata no gusubira mu biganiro.
Hari ubwoba ko iyo ntambara iramutse ikomeye, yakongera guhungabanya ihembe ry’Afurika, Akarere gasanzwe gafite ibibazo bikomeye birimo intambara yo muri Sudani.
Ingaruka zaba zikomeye kuko yahitana abantu benshi biyongera kubo iyo muri Tigray yahitanye n’abo yakuye mu byabo mu myaka ine ishize.
N’ubusanzwe, imibereho y’abaturage mu Majyaruguru ya Ethiopia ni mibi, bityo intambara yatuma ibintu bizamba.
Abahanga bavuga ko iyo ntambara yahagarika ishoramari ry’amahanga, igatuma ubuzima burushaho guhenda haba muri ibyo bihugu byombi no mu bindi bibikikije.
Ishobora kandi gutuma hari ibindi bihugu biyinjiramo bije gutabara buri ruhande mu zihanganye, bikaba byatuma iba iy’Akarere.
Ku ikubitiro ibihugu byayinjiramo ni Misiri ku ruhande rwa Eritrea cyangwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abarabu ku ruhande rwa Ethiopia, bikaza kandi byongerera ubukana intambara isanzwe muri Sudani nayo ihangayikishije amahanga.
Eritrea isanzwe ifitanye amasezerano y’ubufatanye mu bya gisirikare na Misiri na Somalia, abenshi bakabibona nko gushaka guhangana n’inyungu za Ethiopia.
Jimmy GATETE
TAARIFA.RW
