Nyuma y’imyaka runaka intambara yo kubohora u Rwanda itangiye, byagaragariraga buri wese ko ubutegetsi bwa Juvénal Habyarimana buri mu marembera.
Inkotanyi zari zimaze kwigarurira igice kinini cy’u Rwanda. Kubera ko Inkotanyi zashyize igitutu gikomeye k’ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda muri kiriya gihe, byabaye ngombwa ko buriya butegetsi bwemera imishyikirano.
Tariki 04, Kanama, 1993 nibwo impande zombi zasinye amasezerano yo gusaranganya ubutegetsi yasinyiwe Arusha muri Tanzania.
Ni amasezerano yavugaga ko habaho gusaranganya ubutegetsi binyuze mu kiswe Broad-Based Transitional Government (BBTG), ibi bikaba byari bivuze impande zari zihanganye ni ukuvuga Inkotanyi, ubutegetsi bwa Juvénal Habyarumana n’amashyaka atanu yari yaremejwe kuzashyirwa muri Guverinoma y’Inzibacyuho.
Aya mashyaka yemejwe muri Mata, 1992.
Muri ariya masezerano harimo ko ubutegetsi bwagombaga gukora mu buryo bukurikiza amategeko, impunzi zigatahuka, ndetse abasirikare barwanaga ku mpande zombi bagahuzwa bagakora igisirikare kimwe.
Mu gihe impande zombi zari zishishikajwe no kwiga ibikubiye muri ariya masezerano no kureba uko yasinywa, Leta y’u Rwanda rw’icyo gihe yashinjaga Uganda gutera inkunga Inkotanyi zotsaga igitutu ubutegetsi bw’i Kigali.
Uganda yo yarabihakanaga!
Bidatinze ariko, ni ukuvuga tariki 22, Gashyantare, 1993, Leta z’ibihugu byombi( u Rwanda na Uganda) zitabaje Umuryango w’Abibumbye ngo uze ubisuzume umare abantu impaka n’urwicyekwe.
Hari amabaruwa menshi yanditswe na buri ruhande asaba Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi kohereza Abasirikare ba UN mu Rwanda kugira ngo bacunge agace katarangwamo ibikorwa bya gisirikare k’uburebure bwa Kilometero 150.
Kimwe mu byo bagombaga gukora ni ukurinda ko hari abantu bakoresha kariya gace bagemurira intwaro rumwe mu mpande zarwanaga.
Uwari Umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN, Umunyamisiri Boutros Boutros-Ghali yanzuye ko hajyaho itsinda rizasura ibihugu byombi( u Rwanda na Uganda) ku matariki ari hagati y’iya 04 n’iya 18, Werurwe, 1993.
Itsinda ry’abatekinisiye ba UN ryasuye Uganda hagati y’itariki ya 2 n’itariki 05, Mata, nyuma risura u Rwanda tariki 06, Mata, 1993.
Nyuma iri tsinda ryakoze raporo yemezaga ko bishoboka ko UN yohereza abasirikare bajya gushyiraho agace katarangwamo ibikorwa bya gisirikare hagati y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda no gukumira ko hari ibikorwa byo gushyigikira uruhande urwo ari rwo rwose byahakorerwa.
Kubera ko ahantu RPF yari yarigaruriye hari hanini cyane, byatumye igice bariya bantu bagenzuraga kiba kinini bagera no ku butaka bwa Uganda.
Tariki 22, Kamena, 1993 Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi katoreye umwanzuro 846 wemeza ko hashyirwaho Itsinda ricunga imikoreshereze y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Uganda.
Iyo tsinda ryiswe United Nations Observer Mission Uganda-Rwanda (UNOMUR), mu mizo ya mbere rikaba ryari rifite manda y’amezi atandatu, yarangira rigatanga raporo y’uko ibintu byifashe.
Abari bashinzwe kuyobora iri tsinda basuye u Rwanda hagati y’itariki 19 n’itariki 31, Kanama, 1993.
Abari bariyoboye kandi baganiriye n’abayobozi ba Tanzania ndetse n’Ubuyobozi bw’Umuryango w’Afurika yunze ubumwe, icyo gihe yitwaga Organisation de l’Unité Africaine.
Ibyavuye muri raporo yatanzwe n’iri tsinda byagejejwe ku buyobozi bukuru bwa UN, hanyuma Umunyamabanga mukuru wayo asaba Akanama kawo gashinzwe amahoro ku isi gushyiraho Itsinda rizoherezwa mu Rwanda kuhagarura amahoro.
Icyo gihe hashinzwe United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR cyangwa MINUAR Mu Gifaransa), ni ukuvuga MINWARI nk’uko yamenyekanye mu Banyarwanda bose.
Intego ya mbere yari iyo gufasha impande zari zihanganye gushyiraho uburyo buboneye kandi bubungabunzwe bwo gutuma Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho igizwe n’impande zari ziteganyijwe mu masezerano y’Arusha ikora neza.
Umwanzuro Nomero 872 wo mu mwaka wa 1993 watowe tariki 05, Ukwakira, 1993 niwo wagenaga imikorere n’intego bya UNAMIR/MINUAR.
Tariki 15, Ukwakira, 1993 nibwo Umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN yamenyesheje Akanana ka UN gashinzwe amahoro ku isi ko Brigadier General Romeo Dallaire ari we wagenwe kuzayobora ziriya ngabo.
Bidatinze tariki 22, Ukwakira, 1993 Dallaire yageze mu Rwanda, nyuma y’iminsi itanu ahageze, haje itsinda ry’abantu 21 bari baje gutegurira bagenzi babo inzira.
Tariki 05, Ugushyingo, 1993 nibwo amasezerano yerekana icyo buri ruhande mu zizajya muri Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho rusabwa yasinywe, uruhande rwa Dallaire narwo rurabyemeza hanyuma Kopi yohererezwa Inkotanyi.
Ntizazuyaje ahubwo nazo zemeye ibikubiyemo ndetse zimenyesha abandi barebwaga nayo ko ziteguye kuyashyira mu bikorwa.
Umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN nyuma y’aho gato ni ukuvuga tariki 12, Ugushyingo, 1993 yaje kumenyesha Akanana k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi ko yagennye ko Bwana Jacques-Roger Booh-Booh ari we uzamubera Intumwa yihariye i Kigali.
Booh-Booh uyu yahoze ari Minisitiri ushinzwe ububanyi n’amahanga wa Cameroon.
Yageze mu Rwanda tariki23, Ugushyingo, 1993.
Inshingano ya mbere ya UNAMIR/MINUAR yari iyo kurinda ko Kigali yaba isibaniro, ikareba niba amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara yarakurikizwaga neza.
UNAMIR/MINUAR kandi yagombaga kurema agace katarangwamo imirwano, ikareba uko ibyo guhuza no gusubiza ingabo mu buzima busanzwe bikorwa.
Abagize iriya Misiyo kandi bagombaga gukurikirana uko amasezerano akurikizwa kugeza hashyizweho Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho bakanakurikirana uko ikora kugeza habayeho amatora mu buryo bwateganywaga.
Bagombaga no gukurikirana ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyari buvugwe ku ruhande urwo ari rwo rwose ko gitandukiriye ibiteganywa mu masezerano ya Arusha.
Ibikorwa byo gufasha abavanywe mu byabo n’intambara nabyo UNAMIR/MINUAR yagombaga kubigenzura
Umunyamabanga mukuru wa UN yaje gutegeka ko imikorere ya rya tsinda ryari rishinzwe kugenzura umupaka uhuza u Rwanda na Uganda ihuzwa n’imikorere ya UNAMIR/MINUAR, ariko buri ruhande rukibanda ku nshingano zarwo ‘zihariye.’
Ibikorwa bya UNAMIR/MINUAR byagombaga kurangira nyuma y’uko Guverinoma y’inzibacyuho ishyizweho, ni ukuvuga mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1993.
Ku ikubitiro, abasirikare n’abakozi ba UNAMIR/MINUAR bageraga ku 1,428 ariko bagombaga kwiyongera bakagera ku 2,548 mu cyiciro cya kabiri cy’inshingano zayo ni ukuvuga igihe impande zombi zagombaga kuba zahuje ingabo.
Igice cya kabiri cy’aka kazi cyagombaga kumara iminsi 90.
Igice cya gatatu cy’akazi ka MINUAR cyagombaga kumara amezi atandatu, muri aya mezi akazi kakaba kari ako gusuzuma niba igice kitarangwamo imirwano cyubahirizwa kugira ngo Kigali itekane.
Gushyira intwaro hasi, abasirikare bagasubizwa mu buzima busanzwe, abandi bagahuzwa byagombaga gukorwa muri iki cyiciro.
Hagati aho abakozi ba UNAMIR/ MINUAR bagombaga kugabanywa bakagera ku 1,240.
Igice cya kane cy’akazi ka UNAMIR/MINUAR cyagombaga kumara amezi ane, kikazarangira abakozi b’iyi misiyo baragabanutse bageze ku bantu 930.
Muri macye ngayo amateka y’abasirikare n’abakozi ba UN boherejwe mu Rwanda ngo babungabunge amahoro ariko ntibyabujije ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikorwa bareba, ndetse burira indege barataha.
