Kuki Kurekurwa By’Agateganyo Mu Rwanda Bigoye?

Minisitiri w’ubutabera akaba n’Intumwa nkuru ya Leta Bwana Johnston Busingye aherutse kuganira n’umuyobozi wa Taarifa, Magnus Mazimpaka, ku ngingo y’uko mu Rwanda bigoye kugira ngo ukekwaho ibyaha y’aburana adafunze nk’uko biteganwa n’amategeko.

Minisitiri Busingye yemeza ko abantu benshi bahabwa uburenganzira bwo kuburana badafunzwe, ko habaye hari abatabuhabwa Mazimpaka yatanga ingero.

Minisitiri Busingye yemeza ko Inkiko z’u Rwanda inshuro nyinshi zemera ingwate z’abakekwaho ibyaha kugira ngo barekurwe by’agateganyo ariko ingero dufite zerekana ukundi kuri.

Ingero tuributange ni iz’abantu bazwi, bafuzwe mu manza zikomeye harimo n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr. Pierre Damien Habumuremyi.

Dr. Habumuremyi yashinjwe ibyaha by’ubuhemu byo gutanga sheki itazigamiye.  Aherutse kujuririra icyemezo cyo gufungwa by’agateganyo yafatiwe n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Gasabo.

Muri ubu bujurire yari yashyikirije Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge, Dr. Habumuremyi yari yasabye kurekurwa agakurikiranwa ari hanze kuko arwaye kandi yemera gutanga ingwate y’imitungo itimukanwa ya Miliyoni 500 Frw akaba afite n’imitungo ya Miliyari 1.5 Frw.

Urukiko rwanze iriya ngwate ruvuga ko hari ahandi yayitanze.

Urundi rugero. Umucamanza yanze ingwate y’umunyemari Aloys Rusizana uregwa kugurisha Leta inzu ku gaciro idafite. Umucamanza yavuze ko ingwate ye atari impamvu ikomeye yatuma arekurwa.

Ubwunganizi bwavugaga ko afite uburwayi bityo ko yarekurwa by’agateganyo akajya kwivuza. Umucamanza yatesheje agaciro izo mpanvu z’ifungurwa rye ry’agateganyo.

Urundi rugero. Muri Nzeri, 2020, abakozi ba SONARWA basabye Urukiko kubarekura by’agateganyo.  Batanze ingwate ariko urukiko rurabyanga.

Muri Mutarama, 2018, Denis Gacinya yasabye urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge kumurekura by’agateganyo. Yari arwaye kandi afite abantu biyemeje kumutangira ingwate ariko urukiko ruramutsembera.

Hari n’abandi benshi batanze ingwate zirangwa. Urugero ni Caleb Rwamuganza, Alfred Nkubiri, Christian Rwakunda n’abandi.

Urugero rwa Nkubiri rwo rufite umwihariko. Usibye kuba amaze kugezwa mubitaro inshuro nyinshi arembye, akanaburana ari kundiri, urukiko rwavuniye amatwi ubusabe bwe bw’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo.

Nyuma, uwo musaza w’imyaka 67 yaje gutanga ingwate ikubyemo inshuro 10 amafaranga aregwa kandi itegeko riteganya ko ingwate ya 5% iteganyijwe ku mitungo ifite agaciro gahera kuri miliyoni eshanu kuzamura, mu gihe umutungo ufite agaciro kari munsi yayo nta ngwate itangwa. Ubucamanza bwaramutsembeye. Amazemo amezi asaga 6 n’abandi. Siwe wenyine.

N’ubwo aba bantu bimwe uburenganzira bwo kurekurwa by’agateganyo batanze ingwate, ubundi amategeko arabibemerera.

Ubu ninkaho byabaye ihame, kenshi utawe muri yombi arekurwa atsinze urubanza cyangwa iyo ubushinjacyaha busanze ntacyaha afite mbere y’uko ashyikirizwa Urukiko. N’uwibye inko cyangwa uwateye ibuye kw’ibati ry’umuturanyi, icy’ihutirwa n’ukumunaga mugihome ibindi bigakurikira nyuma.

Hari nabamaramo amezi menshi bataranaburana. Ikibitera ntikiramenyekana, ariko n’ibigaragaza ko ubutabera bukeneye ivugururwa rirambye.

Nta gihe kinini gishize Komiseri Mukuru w’Urwego rw’Igihugu rw’imfungwa n’abagororwa, RCS, CG Georges Rwigamba avuze ko umubare w’abagororwa mu Rwanda warenze ubushobozi bwa gereza k’uburyo gereza ya Ntsinda muri Rwamagana umubare wabo ugera ku 120% by’abo ishobora gucumbikira.

Ikindi ni uko ufashe imanza zaburanishijwe ntizirangizwe mu myaka w’ubucamanza wa 2019-2020 ni ukuvuga  (imanza 52, 952) ukongeraho ibirego bakiriye ariko ntibiburanishwe (imanza 25,356) byose bingana na 48% by’imanza zose zinjiye mu mwaka ushize w’ubucamanza.

By’umwihariko inkiko zo ku rwego rw’ibanze nizo zifite umubare mwinshi w’imanza twavuze hejuru.

Twibukiranye ko ibyemezo by’ifunga n’ifungura by’agateganyo ari muri izi nkiko bifatwa bwa mbere.

Icyo amategeko abivugaho…           

Amategeko y’u Rwanda yemerera buri Munyarwanda ufite ibyo akurikiranyweho mu nkiko kurekurwa by’agateganyo.

Umuntu wese ashingiye ku biteganywa n’amategeko cyane cyane Ingingo ya 97 y’Itegeko  No. 027/2019 ryo kuwa 19/09/2019 ryerekeye Imiburanishirize y’Imanza z’Inshinjabyaha yemerewe gusaba kurekurwa by’agateganyo cyangwa agakurikiranwa adafunze.

Ni muri urwo rwego iyo afunze by’agateganyo aba yemerewe gutanga ikirego asaba gufungurwa by’agateganyo.

Ibyaha ibyo aribyo byose umuntu ukurikiranyweho yaba yarakoze, ashobora gusaba urukiko kurekurwa by’agateganyo bitewe n’aho ikurikiranacyaha rigeze.

Umucamanza afata icyemezo kuri iki kirego mu gihe kitarenze iminsi itanu (5).

Iyo umucamanza uburanisha urubanza mu mizi yarwo ashyikirijwe inzitizi ku byerekeye n’ifungurwa ry’agateganyo, ategetswe kubanza gufata icyemezo kuri icyo kibazo.

Iyo ifungurwa ryemewe, ukurikiranywe ashobora gutegekwa ibyo agomba kubahiriza.

N’ubwo ari uburenganzira bwa buri wese, hari ibishingirwaho ngo arekurwe by’agateganyo:

Uburwayi:

Uburwayi ni imwe mu mpamvu umuntu ashobora gutanga asaba ko yarekurwa by’agateganyo.

Umucamanza ashobora gufata icyemezo cyo kurekura umuntu by’agateganyo kubera ko arwaye kandi uburwayi bwe bukaba bwemezwa n’abaganga.

Urugero ni urwa Angélique Kantengwa. Kantengwa warekuwe by’agateganyo n’Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nyuma y’ubusabe yagejeje ku rukiko afatanyije n’uwamwunganiraga Me Shema Gakuba.

Icyo gihe Urukiko rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge rwasuzumye impapuro z’uburwayi za Kantengwa ruvuga ko rwanyuzwe n’izo mpapuro zerekana ko arwaye ruramurekura by’agateganyo.

Icyakora ntiyari yemerewe kurenga Umujyi wa Kigali adafite uburenganzira bw’umushinjacyaha.

Abunganizi benshi bamaze kwifashisha urubanza rwa Kantengwa basabira abandi kurekurwa ariko ntamusaruro bigitanga. Ninkaho hari virusi yateye mubutabera ikaba irimo kubumunga buhorobuhoro kugeza aho bizaba bigoye kugira ibikosorwa.

Urugero, ku ngingo y’uburwayi, Christian Rwakunda, Evariste Rukumba, Alfred Nkubiri, Dr. Habumuremyi, Theopiste Nyiramahoro, bose bararwaye kandi beretse Urukiko impapuro za muganga zimeza uburwayi bwabo n’ubukana bufite. Benshi muri bo baracyari abere.

Ingwate:

Umuntu wese ukekwaho icyaha ashobora kurekurwa by’agateganyo hatanzwe ingwate, byemejwe n’umucamanza ku byaha byavuzwe mu gace ka 2 mu rubanza ku ifungwa n’ifungurwa by’agateganyo n’igihe cyose urubanza rutarapfundikirwa haba ku rwego rwa mbere cyangwa mu bujurire.

Ibi byanditse mu Ngingo ya 81 agace kayo ka 3 igena imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha mu Rwanda.

Ingingo ya 80, Igika cya 1,2,3 mu gitabo giteganya imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha hari aho  iteganya ko:

Ku rwego rwose rw’ikurikiranacyaha, iyo hari impamvu zikomeye zituma umuntu akekwaho icyaha, ukekwaho icyaha ashobora kudafungwa agategekwa ibyo agomba kubahiriza.

Bimwe mu byo ashobora gutegekwa ni ibi bikurikira. Icyambere, kuba mu karere k’aho uwamutegetse ibyo agomba kubahiriza akorera.

Icyakabiri, kubuzwa kujya cyangwa kutarenga ahantu hagenwe atabiherewe uruhushya n’uwamutegetse ibyo agomba kubahiriza.

Icyagatatu, kutajya aha n’aha cyangwa kutaba ahantu ku gihe iki n’iki.

Kubera izo mpamvu ndetse n’izindi, umucamanza afite ububasha busesuye bwo kurekura umuntu wese ukekwaho icyaha hatanzwe ingwate yonyine cyangwa igeretseho ibindi bigomba kubahirizwa.

Ingingo ya 82, igika cya mbere y’amategeko agenga imiburanishirize y’imanza nshinjabyaha isobanura ibyaha bitangirwa ingwate igira iti: Bitabangamiye ubushishozi bw’ufite ububasha bwo gufata icyemezo, ingwate ishobora gutangwa ku byaha byose.

Ku buryo bw’umwihariko ariko, hari izindi mpamvu kandi zikomeye zituma buri wese ashobora kurekurwa by’agateganyo.

Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo muri 2003 ryavuguriwe muri 2005, Ingingo ya 24 ivuga k’uburenganzira, k’ubwisanzure n’umutekano bya muntu (Right to Liberty and Security) isobanura ko “Ubwisanzure n’Umutekano bya muntu byubahirizwa na Leta.”

Umuntu wese ashingira kandi ku ngingo ya 43 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda iha inshingano Ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza (Judiciary) yo kurinda ubwo burenganzira n’ubwisanzure buvugwa mu ngingo ya 24 y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda aho iyo ngingo ya 43 ivuga ko: Ubutegetsi bw’Ubucamanza aribwo murinzi w’Uburenganzira n’Ubwisanzure bwa muntu. Iyi ngingo yubahirizwa mu buryo buteganywa n’Itegeko Nshinga n’andi mategeko.

Bisobanuye  ko Inkiko ari zo zirinda uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure bwa muntu by’umwihariko ukurikiranyweho icyaha, ko yarekurwa by’agateganyo mu gihe nta mpamvu zikomeye zatuma akomeza gukurikiranwa afunze cyane ko iperereza iyo ryakozwe rikarangira ubushinjacyaha bwarashyikirijwe dosiye n’urukiko rwararegewe, kandi  uregwa akaba nta perereza yakwica.

Ibi ariko bikorwa n’Urukiko rukarekura umuntu wese usaba kurekurwa bigakorwa mu bwigenge n’ubushishozi bw’Urukiko binatewe n’uburemere bw’icyaha.

Ikindi gikubiye muri ibi ni uko gukurikirana ukekwaho icyaha adafunzwe bitanga isura nziza ku butabera buboneye.

Ubutabera buboneye busonurwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Repubulika y’U Rwanda mu ngingo ya 29, (2°) aho rishimangira ihame ryo ‘gufatwa nk’umwere’ kugeza igihe Urukiko rubifitiye ububasha ruhamirije umuntu icyaha.

Ihame ry’ubwisanzure mu gihe umuntu akurikiranyweho icyaha kandi rishimangirwa n’Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono rukiyemeza kuyubahiriza, cyane cyane ayitwa International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) mu ngingo yayo ya 9 (1°).

N’ubundi kandi si ihame ko ukekwaho icyaha byanze bikunze akurikiranwa afunze, ahubwo hashobora gutangwa ingwate (guarantee) agakurikiranwa ari hanze, aho urubanza rwaba rugeze hose.

Umuntu wese kandi ashobora gusaba kurekurwa by’agateganyo kandi hakarebwa n’inyungu z’umuryango we atunze kandi byaragaragaye ko abenshi imiryango yabo iba ibayeho kuko bakora.

Aha rero Taarifa iributsa ko Itegeko-nshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda mu ngingo yaryo ya 18, rivuga ko: “Umuryango ari wo shingiro kamere y’Imbaga y’Abanyarwanda kandi urengerwa na Leta”

Bityo birakwiye ko Urwego rw’Ubucamanza rukorera mu nyungu za rubanda, rwarekura umuntu wese mu bushishozi n’ubushobozi Inkiko zihabwa n’ámategeko, ukekwaho icyaha akaba yarekurwa by’agateganyo kugira ngo afashe umuryango we kubaho, cyane cyane iyo asanzwe afite aho atuye hazwi.

Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga

Indi ngingo ituma ubucamanza bwarekura umuntu by’agateganyo ni ibikubiye mu Masezerano Mpuzamahanga u Rwanda rwashyizeho umukono, yitwa Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

Aya masezerano ni ingenzi kuko ibihugu byayasinye biba bigomba kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu yaba akurikiranyweho cyangwa adakurikiranyweho icyaha.

Ni ihame kandi rivuga ko abantu bose banganya uburenganzira imbere y’itegeko.

Iyo urebye kandi ugaha agaciro iyi ngingo usanga buri wese ukurikiranyweho icyaha runaka ashobora gusaba kurekurwa by’agateganyo.

Ihame ry’uko umuntu wese akurikiranwa adafunzwe rishobora kudakurikizwa gusa iyo hari impamvu zikomeye zitangwa n’ubushinjacyaha zirimo ko kumufunga bwaba aribwo buryo bwonyine bwo kurinda ukurikiranywe, bwo gutuma inzego z’ubutabera zimubonera igihe zimukeneye, bwo gutuma icyaha gihagarara cyangwa se kitongera gusubirwamo.

Izi mpamvu z’ubushinjacyaha zitakaza ishingiro iyo ubwunganizi bwerekanye ko igihe inzego z’ubutabera zizakenerera uregwa  zizamubona cyane cyane ko aba afungishije ijisho, mu yandi magambo aba ari mu Rwanda.

Ikindi  hari ubwo usanga nta mpungenge zihari ko icyo cyaha cyasubira gukorwa n’ugikekwaho kuko kiba cyarahagaze, kandi hashize igihe gikozwe nta mpungenge zihari zatuma Ubushinjacyaha bukeka ko uregwa yasubira kugikora.

Itegeko rivuga ko mu gufata icyemezo cyo gufunga, umugenzacyaha cyangwa umushinjacyaha yita no ku zindi mpamvu, zaba izirebana n’imyifatire y’ukekwaho icyaha, ubwoko bw’icyaha n’uburemere bwacyo, cyangwa niba ikigamijwe mu gufunga ukekwaho icyaha kidashobora kugerwaho hakoreshejwe ubundi buryo.

Imyifatire y’abaregwa bamwe na bamwe usanga irangwa n’ubunyangamugayo cyangwa ugasanga ari ubwa mbere bakurikiranyweho icyaha.

Ibi ubwabyo bikwiye guhabwa agaciro n’urukiko rukabarekura by’agateganyo kuko imyifatire iba ari nta makemwa.

Hiyongeraho kureba niba basanzwe basora neza, nta birarane bafitiye Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imisoro n’amahoro.

Iyo abakurikiranywe bigaragaye ko basanzwe bafite ‘business’ bakora n’izindi nshingano zitandukanye bakorera mu gihugu, bikwiye guha ubugenzacyaha, ubushinjacyaha ndetse n’Urukiko icyizere cy’uko barekuwe bakubahiriza ibyo basabwa byose.

Abanyamategeko bavuga ko ihame ari ubwisanzure n’aho amaburakindi akaba gufunga umuntu.

Mu manza zo mu Nkiko zo mu Rwanda haburamo icyo kintu, cyo kutihutira gufunga umuntu ahubwo hakabanza kurebwa ingingo zose zituma akurikiranwa adafunzwe kuko gufunga birahenda kandi bikongera ikibazo cy’ubucucike mu magereza nacyo kitoroheye u Rwanda nk’uko biherutse gutangazwa n’Urwego rw’Igihugu rushinzwe imfungwa n’abagororwa mu kiganiro rwahaye abanyamakuru.

Ese ibi byose Ministiri Busingye yaba hari agaciro abiha cyane cyane ko biri mu nshingano ze nka Minisitiri w’ubutabera mu Rwanda?