Abaholandi babiri n’Umudage umwe bapfuye nyuma yo kwandurira mu bwato virusi itari isanzwe izwi cyane yitwa Hantavirus. Bari bari mu bwato bw’ubukerarugendo bwa MV Hondius, bukorwa na sosiyete Oceanwide Expeditions, nk’uko byatangajwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (WHO).
Iri shami ryavuze ko riri gukora iperereza ku bandi bantu batatu barwaye, barimo abakozi babiri b’ubwato, ubu bukaba buri hafi ya Cape Verde muri Afurika.
Kugeza ubu, umuntu umwe gusa ni we wemejwe ko afite hantavirus: wo mu Bwongereza akaba ari kuvurirwa i Johannesburg muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Ubwo kandi ni ko hari abandi batanu nabo bafashwe, barimo babiri bafite ikibazo cyo guhumeka nabi, bakababara mu gituza.
Abahanga mu buvuzi bavuga ko iriya virusi yageze muri ubwo bwato izanywe n’imbeba.
Dr. Amesh Adalja, inzobere mu by’ubuzima muri Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, avuga ko bishoboka ko iriya mbeba yageze muri ubwo bwato mu buryo bubiri burimo kuba yarahazanywe n’abagenzi bayishyize mu bikapu batabizi cyangwa ikaba hari aho yari isanzwe yibera muri ubwo bwato.
Ubu bwato bwari buvuye muri Argentine, igihugu iyi ndwara ibonekamo, mu byumweru bike bishize, nubwo abayobozi b’ubuzima bo muri icyo gihugu bavuze ko nta muntu wari uyifite mu gace bwavuyemo.
Hantavirus ni iki?
Hantavirus ni virusi ikwirakwizwa ahanini n’inkari, umwanda cyangwa amacandwe y’imbeba zo mu nzu, nk’uko byatangajwe n’Ikigo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya indwara (CDC).
Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa hantavirus, kandi buri bwoko bukunda kuboneka ku bwoko bw’imbeba runaka, aho bushobora kubaho butagize icyo butwara imbeba ubwayo.
Muri Amerika, hantavirus yagaragaye cyane mu Majyepfo y’uburengerazuba, cyane cyane mu gace ka Four Corners (aho ni aho Leta za Utah, Colorado, Arizona na New Mexico bihurira).
Guhera mu mwaka wa 1993, aho habereye icyorezo, hamaze gutangazwa hafi y’abantu 900 bayanduye, kandi abagera kuri 35% banduye yo virusi barapfa.
Abantu bashobora kwandura bahumeka virusi iva mu mwanda cyangwa bafite aho bahuriye n’ibyari by’imbeba bihungabanyijwe; kurya ibiryo cyangwa gufata ibintu byandujwe n’imbeba; cyangwa kurumwa n’imbeba.
Ese hantavirus irandura hagati y’abantu?
Muri rusange, hantavirus ntiyandura byoroshye hagati y’abantu, nk’uko Adalja abivuga.
Ariko hari ubwoko bwayo bumwe na bumwe bushobora kandura buva ku bantu bamwe bujya ku bandi, ubwo bukaba ubwitwa virusi ya Andes, iri mu muryango wa hantavirus, ishobora kwandura binyuze mu matembabuzi hagati y’abantu baba mu nzu imwe.
Ntabwo haramenyekana niba iyi ari yo iri guteza ibibazo muri buriya bwato, ariko WHO yavuze ko iperereza ririmo gukorwa, harimo gufata no gusuzuma ibizamini bya laboratwari n’ubushakashatsi ku buryo virusi yagiye ikwirakwira.
Ibimenyetso bya hantavirus ni ibihe?
Nk’uko bivugwa n’ivuriro rya Mayo Clinic, iyi virusi yibasira cyane ibihaha n’impyiko, igatera umunaniro, umuriro, kubabara umutwe, gukonja, iseseme no kuruka.
Nyuma y’iminsi hafi 10 uyanduye, ashobora gutangira kugira ikibazo cyo guhumeka kubera ko hari amazi yuzura mu bihaha.
Bamwe bashobora no kugira ibibazo by’impyiko nyuma y’icyumweru cyangwa bibiri bayanduye, bigatangirana n’umuriro, isesemi, ububabare mu mugongo cyangwa mu nda, bikazagera k’ukugabanuka kw’umuvuduko w’amaraso no kuva amaraso imbere mu mubiri, impyiko zitangiye kudakora neza.
Ni gute hantavirus isuzumwa?
Hari ikizamini kigaragaza iyi virusi ariko bisaba ko hashira amasaha arenga 72 ngo ibimenyetso nyabyo biboneke.
Ni yo mpamvu abaganga basaba abantu bumva bafite ibimenyetso by’uburwayi byavuzwe haruguru, kwisuzumisha byibura kabiri nyuma y’amasaha 72 ibimenyetso bitangiye kugaragara.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuyivura?
Nta muti wihariye uvura iyi virusi, nk’uko Adalja abivuga.
Ikigo CDC gisaba abantu kuruhuka, kunywa amazi menshi no gufata imiti igabanya umuriro.
Ku bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo guhumeka, bahabwa ogisijeni yabafasha.
Abashakashatsi bari gukora ku miti n’inkingo bishobora kuyirwanya, harimo antibodies zagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kugabanya cyangwa gukumira iyi ndwara mu nyamaswa.
Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye ni ukubura amafaranga yo gushora muri ubwo bushakashatsi, hakiyongeraho n’uko hari za Leta zitarafatana uburemere iyo ndwara.
Chandran ati: “Ikibazo si siyansi cyangwa ubuvuzi, ahubwo ni amafaranga.”
