Mu Rwanda, avoka ni rumwe mu mbuto zongera ibyinjiza amadovize no kuzamura amafaranga abahinzi binjiza.
Nubwo avoka zimwe zigurwa ku giciro gito mu murima, iyo zigeze ku masoko yo hanze, cyane cyane mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati no mu Burayi, agaciro kazo karazamuka cyane.
Ikibazo gikomeye gihari ni ukumenya niba izo nyungu z’isoko mpuzamahanga zigera ku muhinzi ku rugero rukwiye, kandi gukemura ibibazo by’umusaruro, ubuziranenge, ubwikorezi n’ibikorwaremezo biracyari imbogamizi ku ruhererekane rw’agaciro k’avoka.
Aho avoka zihingwa mu Rwanda
Avoka zihingwa mu bice bitandukanye by’u Rwanda, ariko Intara y’Amajyepfo ni yo iza ku isonga mu musaruro, igakurikirwa n’Uburengerazuba, Uburasirazuba n’Amajyaruguru.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere ibyoherezwa mu mahanga mu buhinzi, NAEB, kivuga ko avoka ziboneka cyane muri Gisagara, Huye, Nyagatare, Nyanza na Rusizi.
Mu moko menshi y’avoka ahingwa mu Rwanda harimo Hass, Fuerte, Ettinger, Booth, Choquette, Collisson, Nabal, Puebla, Reed, Simmonds, Pinkerton na Bacon.
Ariko ku bigenewe isoko mpuzamahanga, ubwoko bwa Hass na Fuerte ni bwo bwibandwaho cyane.
Nk’uko bimeze no ku bindi bicuruzwa b’igiciro, n’icy’avoka kirahindagurika ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Biterwa n’ubwoko bw’avoka, ubunini, ubuziranenge, igihe cy’umwaka yezemo, aho umuhinzi atuye ndetse n’ubwoko bw’avoka igenewe isoko ryo mu gihugu cyangwa iryo hanze.
Amakuru y’isoko agaragaza ko ku isoko ry’u Rwanda, igiciro cy’avoka cyigeze kugaragara ku rwego rwa hafi yari Frw 600 kuri avoka imwe , naho andi agaragaza igiciro cya Frw 800 kuri avoka imwe.
Umuhinzi ushaka kohereza avoka ku isoko mpuzamahanga agomba kuzuza ibisabwa ku bijyanye n’ubwoko, ingano, ubuziranenge, ubwoko bw’imiti, uburyo bwo gusarura n’uko zabitswe.
Hari n’amakuru y’ubushakashatsi ku ruhererekane rw’agaciro k’avoka mu Rwanda agaragaza ko ikibazo cy’igiciro n’uburyo bwo kugera ku isoko kwazo ari kimwe mu bigomba kwitabwaho, cyane cyane ku bahinzi bato.
Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amafaranga n’umwanya bikoreshwa mu gushaka amakuru y’isoko, gusarura no kuganira ku bucuruzi bishobora kubangamira uruhare rw’umuhinzi muto mu isoko ry’ibyoherezwa hanze.
Ku isoko ryo hanze avoka igura angahe?
Iyo avoka igeze ku rwego rwo koherezwa hanze, igiciro kiba kiri hejuru cyane y’igiciro cy’umusaruro uva ku murima.
Urugero rufatika rutangwa n’imibare ya NAEB: muri Werurwe(3) 2022, u Rwanda rwohereje hanze avoka hafi toni 318.5 ku isoko mpuzamahanga zinjiza hafi $476,100.
Mu Nyakanga(7), 2022, u Rwanda rwohereje hafi toni 118.3 z’avoka zinjiza hafi $138,858, bingana na hafi $1.17 ku kilo.
Mu Ukuboza(12) 2021, ho avoka zigera kuri toni 206.6 zinjije hafi S$415,948, bingana na hafi 2.01 ku kilo.
Iyi mibare igaragaza ikintu cy’ingenzi: igiciro cyo kohereza avoka hanze kirahindagurika cyane.
Ntibyaba ari byo kuvuga ko buri kilo cy’avoka y’u Rwanda igomba guhora igurishwa ku giciro kimwe.
Dubai ni rimwe mu masoko akomeye
Mu myaka ya vuba, Leta ziyunze z’Abarabu zabaye isoko rikomeye cyane ry’avoka z’u Rwanda.
NAEB yatangaje mu mwaka wa 2026 ko hafi 90% by’avoka u Rwanda rwohereza hanze zijya muri muri iki gihugu.
Ibi bituma Dubai n’andi masoko yo mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati aba ingenzi cyane ku bacuruzi b’avoka b’Abanyarwanda.
U Rwanda kandi rufite intego yo kwagura amasoko.
Avoka z’u Rwanda zagiye zigaragara mu masoko yo mu Bufaransa, Ubuholandi, Ubwongereza n’ahandi mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, ndetse igihugu kiri gushaka kongera umubare w’abaguzi mpuzamahanga.
NAEB yanagaragaje ko u Rwanda rwagiye mu imurikagurisha rya Gulfood 2026 i Dubai, aho rwashakaga abafatanyabikorwa bashya b’avoka n’ibindi bihingwa ryohereza hanze.
Kuki avoka yo hanze ihenze cyane?
Hari intera nini hagati y’igiciro umuhinzi ahabwa n’agaciro k’avoka ku isoko ryo hanze.
Iyo avoka ivuye mu murima igomba: gukusanywa, gutoranywa hakurikijwe ubunini n’ubuziranenge; kuyoza; gupakirwa; kubikwa ahakonje; gupimwa no kugenzura ubuziranenge; gutwarwa ku kibuga cy’indege cyangwa ku cyambu; kwishyurirwa ibyangombwa n’ubwishingizi; hanyuma ikagezwa ku muguzi wo hanze.
NAEB ishimangira ko abahinzi, abateranya umusaruro, abatwara n’abohereza avoka hanze bagomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ajyanye no gusoroma, gutoranya umusaruro, gupakira, kubika ahantu hakonje, gutwara no kugira inyandiko zikwiye zerekana uko ibyo byose byagenze.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye u Rwanda ruhura na byo ni uko ari igihugu kidakora ku nyanja.
Avoka zigomba kubanza gutwarwa mu yindi nzira zikagera ku cyambu cyangwa zigatwarwa mu ndege.
Ku bicuruzwa byangirika vuba nk’avoka, igihe n’ubushyuhe bigomba kwitabwaho.
Ikigo NAEB cyagaragaje ko RwandAir ifasha mu gutwara umusaruro mushya ku gihe, mu gihe ku masoko atagerwaho na RwandAir hakoreshwa n’indege nka KLM na Ethiopian Airlines.
U Rwanda rwagerageje kandi kohereza avoka muri Dubai hakoreshejwe ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, mu rwego rwo kugabanya ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi mu ndege.
Hari amakuru yerekana ko ubwikorezi bwo mu gihugu bugana ku cyambu buhenze.
Kugira ngo avoka yinjire ku isoko ry’u Burayi cyangwa ku yandi masoko ahenze, ntibihagije kuba ari avoka nziza ku maso.
Abaguzi basaba ko umusaruro uba werekana ahantu hose waciye kugira ngo harebwe ubuziranenge bwose bwaranze urwo rugendo.
MINAGRI yigeze kugaragaza ko hari imirima y’avoka 38 yari yaramenyekanye, irapimwa kandi yemererwa guhingwamo igihingwa runaka binyuze mu byo bita ‘codes’.
Abahinzi bafite ibihe bibazo?
Imwe mu mbogamizi ni uko abahinzi benshi ari abahinzi bato, bafite imirima mito kandi badafite ubushobozi bwo gushyiraho ibikorwa remezo byose bikenewe kugira ngo umusaruro wabo ugere ku isoko ryo hanze.
Ikindi kibazo ni uko umusaruro utagira ubuziranenge bumwe.
Avoka zimwe ziba nto cyane, ntizere neza, zanakwera zikaba nke bityo hakaba ubwo abaguzi bazanga.
Hari kandi ikibazo cyo kubura amakuru ahagije ku isoko.
Umuhinzi ashobora kumenya ko avoka iri kugurishwa ku giciro kinini i Dubai cyangwa i Burayi, ariko ntamenye igiciro nyacyo umuguzi mpuzamahanga yemera cyangwa amafaranga asigara nyuma y’ibiciro byose byo kuyigeza ku isoko.
Ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry’avoka mu Rwanda nabwo bwagaragaje ko ikiguzi cyo gushaka amakuru, gusarura no kugirana ibiganiro by’ubucuruzi ari bimwe mu bishobora kubangamira abahinzi bato.
Ikibazo cy’ibikorwaremezo nyuma yo gusarura
Avoka ni igicuruzwa cyangirika. Iyo imaze gusarurwa ntishobora kumara igihe kinini idafashwe neza.
MINAGRI yagaragaje ko mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi bw’imboga n’imbuto, harimo ibibazo by’ibikorwaremezo byo kubika no gutunganya umusaruro nyuma yo gusarura, ndetse no kuba ikoreshwa ry’ubuhinzi bwuhirwa rikiri hasi.
Ibi bituma umuhinzi ashobora gutakaza amafaranga menshi kubera ko hari avoka zangiritse mbere y’uko zigera ku muguzi.
Nubwo ibibazo bihari, avoka ifite amahirwe akomeye mu Rwanda.
Mu 2024, u Rwanda rwohereje hanze toni 97,165 z’imbuto n’imboga, zinjiza hafi miliyoni $75.1 kandi avoka iri mu bihingwa by’ingenzi bigize uru rwego.
Guverinoma kandi iri gushora mu kongera ubuso buhingwaho avoka, gukoresha ingemwe z’indobanure no guhuza abahinzi n’abaguzi mpuzamahanga.
Gahunda ya NAEB yo gutera avoka kuri hegitari 800 ni urugero rw’icyerekezo cyo kongera umusaruro ushobora koherezwa hanze.
Amafoto@NAEB
