Mu Majyepfo y’u Rwanda cyane cyane mu Karere ka Huye, hari ahateye ibiti by’ikawa byo mu gihe cy’ubukoloni. Ni ibiti bimaze imyaka irenga ijana, gusa ubu Leta yatangiye kubirandura hagaterwa ibikiri bito bizatanga umusaruro.
Hari n’ibindi biti bigomba gusazurwa kuko bimaze imyaka irenga gato 30 kuko byatewe mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, kubisazura bikazatubura umusaruro mu gihe kizaza.
Kurandura ikawa yo mu bukoloni no gusazura ibiti byayo bishaje ni igikorwa cya Leta ibinyujije mu kigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kohereza mu mahanga ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi n’ubworozi (NAEB), binyuze mu mushinga PSAC(Promoting Smallholder Agro-Export Competitiveness) ugamije guteza imbere abahinzi bato.
Abahinzi bato ni abahinga ku buso buto bitewe n’ishoramari rito bakoze.
Kubafasha bituma bagira uruhare mu kweza byinshi kuri ubwo buso buto, bityo umusaruro wo gutunganya ngo woherezwe hanze ukiyongera.
Kubafasha kunoza imihingire myiza biri mu mushinga PSCAC umaze imyaka itatu utangijwe, ukazarangira mu mwaka wa 2029.
Gusazura ikawa ishaje bizakorerwa ku buso bwa hegitari 3,050, hakazaterwa ingemwe miliyoni icyenda.
Mu gusazura ikawa, hazabamo no gukata amashami yumagaye atakera kugira ngo hazashibuke andi, bikazakorwa ku biti bimaze hagati y’imyaka irindwi n’imyaka 30 bitewe.
Kabayiza Eric uyobora PSAC aherutse gusobanurira itangazamakuru muri rusange umushinga wa PSAC watangijwe na Leta mu rwego rwo kongera ubwinshi n’ubwiza bw’ikwa nk’igihingwa ngengabukungu ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Ikawa nicyo gihingwa ngengabukungu kinjiriza igihugu amadovize menshi ugereranyije n’icyayi, ariko hari ubwo bisimburana bitewe n’uko ibihe byifashe ndetse n’uko ibiciro bya byombi bihindagurika ku isoko mpuzamahanga, ahantu rikunze kubera ni i Mumbai mu Buhinde.
Kabayiza ati: “Ikawa y’u Rwanda yazanywe n’abakoloni. Hari ubushakashatsi bwigeze gukorwa, babaza umuturage akavuga ati iyi kawa bayiteye ku gihe cya shiku, ibyo biti bikaba bikiriho. Ubundi muri kamere y’igiti cy’ikawa, iyo kirengeje imyaka 30 cyakagombye gusimbuzwa.”
Ku bantu bafite ubuhinzi bwa kawa buteye imbere, abenshi nta n’ubwo bageza kuri iyo myaka 30 ahubwo bayisimbuza igeze ku myaka 20.
Nk’uko bimeze ku binyabuzima byose, uko ikawa ikura ni ko itakaza ubushobozi bwo kwera no kororoka, iyi ikaba impamvu Leta iri gusazura ikawa ngo irebe ko hakura ishobora kwera neza.
Muri 2015, Leta y’u Rwanda yakoze ubushakashatsi isanga hafi 25% by’ibiti byose biteye mu Rwanda bifite imyaka iri hejuru ya 30, ifata gahunda yo kubisazura.
Icyo gihe, mu Rwanda hari ibiti miliyoni 25 z’ibiti zagombaga gusazurwa, ariko ubu hiyongereyeho ibindi biti miliyoni imwe…byose bikaba bigomba gusazurwa cyangwa bikarandurwa.
Ikinyuranyo cy’umusaruro uva ku giti cy’ikawa gishaje ntubarirwa mu buke no mu buziranenge buke ahubwo ubarirwa no mu mafaranga ahabwa umuhinzi ku kilo mu gihe cy’isizeni (harvesting season).
Ikawa yo ku giti gishaje itanga ikilo kigurwa Frw 900 mu gihe iyo ku giti cyavuguruwe, kigasazurwa igurwa Frw 6,000.
NAEB ivuga ko hamaze kuboneka amafaranga yo gusazura icyo gihingwa ngengabukungu mu turere turindwi.
Uturere tweza ikawa kurusha utundi mu Rwanda ni Ruhango, Huye, Nyamagabe, Rusizi, Nyamasheke na Karongi, ikazarangira muri 2029.
Abahinzi ba kawa bishimiye gusimbuza ibiti bya kawa bishaje
Abahinzi barandura ibiti basanga byari bikwiye gusazurwa kuko bimaze igihe kirekire. Nyirababiligi Viviane wo mu Kagari ka Shanga mu Murenge wa Maraba mu Karere ka Huye avuga ko ibiti by’ikawa bari kurandura bimaze imyaka 70.
Ati: “Navutse mbisanga aha. Na basaza banjye bakuru bavutse basanga ibi biti bihari. Kera byagiraga umusaruro ushimishije ku buryo iyo zeraga buri cyumweru twasaruraga ibilo nka magana abiri. Byagiye bigabanuka ku buryo muri iki gihe nta n’ibiro 50 byavagamo.”
Rutahintare Celéstin wo mu Kagari ka Shyembe mu Murenge wa Maraba mu Karere ka Huye na we afite ibiti by’ikawa 500 bikeneye gusazurwa.
Amaze kurimbura ibiti 300 abisimbuza ingemwe nshya, akavuga ko izo kawa ze zari zishaje kumurusha nubwo na we ashaje.
Ati “Izi kawa nazisigiwe na Data kandi na we yashaje kera mu 1973. Ni ikawa bateye kera mu gihe ikawa zaterwaga bwa mbere mu gihe cy’Ababiligi b’Abakoloni. Zari zifite imyaka 110 zisarurwa ariko zari zaratangiye kuma ndetse twazitema nk’icya kabiri cyazo ntizitohe kubera gusaza.”
Rutahintare avuga ko kuri ibyo biti 500 yakuragamo umusaruro mucye cyane ubarirwa mu biro nka 50 mu gihe nyamara ubusanzwe ibiti bishya 500 bishobora kweraho ibiro 200 cyangwa 300 mu gihe cy’isarura. Na we ashimira Leta y’u Rwanda yazanye iyi gahunda yo gusimbuza ibiti bishaje hagaterwa ingemwe nshya.
Mu gihe ibiti bya kawa bishaje birimburwa, umuhinzi ahabwa inyunganizi y’amafaranga yifashisha mu kubirandura, mu gutera izindi ngemwe no kuzitaho.
Ahabwa ku buntu ingemwe nshya z’ikawa zo mu bwoko bwa RAB-C 15 (zera vuba kandi zitanga umusaruro mwinshi), agahabwa ifumbire mu gihe cyo gutera izo ngemwe, akanahabwa ubujyanama buhoraho ku buryo bwo kwita ku ikawa. Abafite ibiti byinshi bagirwa inama yo kurimbura bimwe, ibindi bigasigara bibatunga.
Mu turere n’imirenge iyo gahunda yo gusimbuza ibiti bya kawa irimo kuberamo hashyizweho ibyanya byo gutunganyirizamo ingemwe, biha akazi abaturage cyane cyane abagore n’urubyiruko, babasha kubona amafaranga biteza imbere.
Ku rundi ruhande, abahinzi bamaze gusimbuza ibiti bishaje ingemwe nshya bavuga ko mu minsi micye baba batangiye kubona amafaranga, dore ko ibi biti byera mu buryo bwihuse.
Munyanshongore Jean Pierre ni umuhinzi ufite ibiti bishya by’ikawa 1,000 yateye mu Kagari ka Kabona mu Murenge wa Kinazi mu Karere ka Huye.
Munyanshongore yaguze umurima urimo ikawa akomeza kugenda azisarura ariko ubu avuga ko nyuma yo kubona ko nta musaruro ufatika zigitanga, nyuma y’ubukangurambaga bwa NAEB binyuze mu mushinga PSAC, yafashe umwanzuro wo kuzisazura agatera ibiti by’ikawa bijyanye n’igihe.
Ati: “Negereye abayobozi ba PSAC bampa ingemwe ndazitera nzisimbuza ibiti byari bishaje. Natangiye kuzitera tariki 13/11/2025 ni ukuvuga ngo zifite hagati y’amezi icyenda n’icumi. Icyo nzitezeho ni uko zizagira aho zinkura zikagira aho zingeza mu iterambere.”
Ikawa nshya zirimo guterwa zitwa RAB-C 15 bukaba ari ubwoko bwa kawa bwashyizwe hanze n’abashakashatsi b’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubuhinzi n’ubworozi mu Rwanda (RAB) mu mwaka wa 2015.
Mu kandi karusho zifite harimo kuba zera vuba aho nk’izatewe nyuma y’umwaka umwe zatangiye kuzana ururabo. Zihanganira indwara n’ibyonnyi byagiye biboneka mu Rwanda ariko zinatanga umusaruro utubutse.
Abatangiye gusarura ikawa yabo nshya bakayizana mu marushanwa y’ubwiza bwa kawa amaze iminsi aba, bavuga ko ikawa yabo iri mu zagiye zitsinda mu myanya y’imbere.
Muri rusange gusazura ikawa bizatuma umuhinzi abona umusaruro uhagije ndetse n’Igihugu kibone umusaruro utubutse ndetse n’amadovize yiyongere.
