Abashakashatsi bemeje ko hari ubwoko bushya bw’inkende butari buzwi na siyansi babonye mu mashyamba ya Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo.
Kimwe mu byo zihariye ho ni ukutagira igikumwe, uru rukaba urutoki rufite akamaro kanini mu gufasha inkende, ingagi, impundu, ibitera n’abantu mu gukoresha ibituma ibi binyabuzima bishobora kubaho.
Izi nguge kandi zifite iminwa yijimye ivanze n’ibara ry’icunga (pinkish-orange), mu maso hijimye kandi umubiri wose utwikiriwe n’ubwoya bw’umukara.
Zabonywe mu mashami yo hejuru y’ibiti birebire byo mu mashyamba y’inzitane yo muri Pariki y’Igihugu ya Lomami, iherereye mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati bwa DRC.
Abashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije bakorera muri iyo pariki bazibonye bwa mbere mu 2008, ariko icyo gihe babashije gufata ifoto imwe gusa itagaragaza neza uko zisa.
Hashize imyaka 10, izo nguge zongeye kubonwa, bituma itsinda mpuzamahanga ry’abashakashatsi ritangira ubushakashatsi burambuye bwifashishije amafoto, gufata amajwi ndetse n’isesengura ry’uturemangingo ndangasano (DNA).
Ubwo bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ari ubwoko bushya bw’inguge butari bwarigeze busobanurwa na siyansi.
Ni bwo bwoko bwa gatanu gusa bw’inguge zo muri Afurika buvumbuwe mu myaka 75 ishize.
Junior Amboko, uri gukorera impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (PhD) muri Kaminuza ya Florida Atlantic University, ni umwe mu bayoboye ubu bushakashatsi.
Ibyavuye muri ubu bushakashatsi byatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya siyansi PLoS One.
Amboko yabwiye BBC News ko kumenya no kubona imbonankubone inyamaswa yari izwi n’abantu bake cyane byamubereye ibyishimo bidasanzwe.
Yasobanuye ko “kuvumbura” ubwoko bushya muri siyansi bidasobanura ko ari bwo bwa mbere bubonetse, ahubwo bisobanura ko buba bwemejwe ku mugaragaro ko bufite uturemangingo ndangasano (DNA) butandukanya n’ubundi bwoko.
Nubwo abashakashatsi ari bo babwemeje muri siyansi, abaturage bamwe batuye hafi y’ayo mashyamba bari basanzwe bazi izo nguge kandi bazita Likweli.
Amboko yavuze ko izo nguge zikunda kugira isoni kandi zikunda kwihisha mu mashami maremare y’ibiti.
Ati: “Mu bushakashatsi bwacu twabajije abaturage bo mu midugudu 52 iri hafi y’aho zituye, ariko abaturage bo mu midugudu umunani gusa ni bo bari barigeze kuzibona”.
Itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri DRC, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n’u Budage ryahaye ubu bwoko izina rya siyansi Colobus congoensis, mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ubukungu bw’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima buboneka muri kiriya gihugu.
Ubu bwoko buri mu muryango mugari w’inguge za Colobus, zizwiho kutagira igikumwe ku ntoki.
Prof. Kate Detwiler wo muri Florida Atlantic University yavuze ko izi nguge ari ingenzi cyane mu bidukikije bya Afurika kuko zirya amababi n’ibindi bimera byo mu mashami y’ibiti, bikagira uruhare mu gukwirakwiza imbuto no gufasha ibiti kumera, bityo bikarinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rw’amashyamba kuzima.
Uyu mushakashatsi avuga kandi ko iminwa yazo ifite ibara ridasanzwe ishobora kuba ifasha izo nguge kumenyana hagati yazo cyangwa gukurura izo zigomba kubyarana.
Izi nguge kandi zifite ijwi rikomeye risa no gutontoma.
Amboko yavuze ati: “Akenshi uzumva amajwi yazo ariko ntuzibone kuko ziba zihishe mu biti”.
Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ubu bwoko ari bucye cyane kandi buboneka gusa mu gice runaka cy’ishyamba gifite ibiribwa byazo bihagije n’aho gutura hagutse.
Kubera ko abaturage bamwe bazihiga kugira ngo bazirye, abashakashatsi bizeye ko kuba Colobus congoensis yaramaze kwemezwa nk’ubwoko bushya bizafasha gushyiraho amategeko azirengera no kuzibungabunga.
Nubwo iyi nyamaswa yamaze kwemezwa nk’ubwoko bushya, hari byinshi abantu batayizi ho.
Bateganya gukora ubundi bushakashatsi burambuye kugira ngo bamenye umubare wazo, aho zituye n’imyitwarire yazo.
Ubu bwoko bushya bw’inguge bwongera kugaragaza ko amashyamba ya Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Congo ari mu hantu hakize cyane ku isi mu rwego rw’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Ayo mashyamba ari mu gice cya kabiri kinini cy’amashyamba y’inzitane ku Isi nyuma y’ishyamba rya Amazon, kandi acumbikiye ubwoko bwinshi bw’inyamaswa n’ibimera bikiri kuvumburwa n’abashakashatsi.
Kubungabunga ayo mashyamba bifite akamaro kanini mu kurengera ibinyabuzima no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Ni akahe kamaro k’igikumwe ku bantu no kubisabantu(primates)
Igikumwe gifite akamaro gakomeye cyane ku bantu no ku nkende kuko ari cyo gituma bashobora gufata no kugenzura ibintu neza.
Dore bimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi gikora:
Ku bantu
Gufata ibintu neza: Igikumwe gihura n’indi ntoki bigatuma umuntu ashobora gufata ikintu mu buryo bukomeye cyangwa bworoshye, nko gufata ikaramu, urushinge cyangwa igikombe.
Gukoresha ibikoresho: Gituma abantu bashobora gukoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye nko kwandika, kubaka, guteka no gukora ubukorikori.
Ubuhanga bw’intoki: Gifasha gukora ibikorwa bisaba ubuhanga bwinshi nko kudoda, kubaga, gucuranga cyangwa gukoresha mudasobwa na telefoni.
Imbaraga zo gufata: Igikumwe gitanga igice kinini cy’imbaraga zose zikoreshwa iyo umuntu afashe ikintu.
Ku nkende
Kuzamuka no gufata amashami: Igikumwe gifasha inkende gufata amashami zikagenda zidasinziriye kandi ntizigwe.
Kurya: Kizifasha gufata imbuto nk’imineke zikayitonora, zigasarura amaronji, amapera, zigasoroma amababi n’ibindi biribwa.
Gukoresha ibikoresho by’ingenzi: Hari ubwoko bw’inkende, cyane cyane impundu( chimpanzees) n’ingagi bushobora gukoresha inkoni cyangwa amabuye mu gushaka ibiryo kubera igikumwe gikorana n’izindi ntoki.
Kwita ku mubiri: Igikumwe gifasha mu kwikuraho udukoko no gutunganya ubwoya bwazo (grooming), igikorwa gifite akamaro ku buzima no mu mubano hagati yazo.
