N’ubwo muri iki gihe, ibuye rivugwa ko rigezweho ari Lithium mu by’ukuri nta buye rikoreshwa cyane mu ikoranabuhanga mu gukora bateri za telefoni, iza mudasobwa n’iz’imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi kurusha Cobalt!
Iri ni ibuye rifite byinshi rivuze mu ikoranabuhanga ariko rigoye gucukura, gutunganya no gukorwamo ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga ku buryo hari benshi barisigaho ubuzima.
Aha mbere abantu basiga ubuzima ni mu birombe ricukurwamo cyane cyane muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo.
70% by’iri buye rikoreshwa ku isi riva muri iki gihugu.
Umuryango mpuzamahanga w’ubukungu, World Economic Forum, uvuga ko iri buye rizakomeza gushakishwa mu myaka itandatu iri imbere( kugeza mu mwaka wa 2030) k’uburyo bizikuba kane ugereranyije n’uko riri gukenerwa muri iki gihe.
Impamvu ni uko abantu bazarushaho gukunda no gukoresha imodoka cyangwa moto zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Ese ubundi ibuye rya Cobalt ni ibuye nyabaki?
Iri buye uzasanga riganje mu ibara ry’ubururu bubengerana. Iri bara mu Cyongereza baryita silvery-blue rikagira ubushobozi bwo kwibikamo imbaraga igihe kirekire ryaba riri ahantu hakonje cyane cyangwa se hashyushye cyane.
Ubu bushobozi bwaryo nibwo butuma riba ingirakamaro mu gukora bimwe mu byuma byifashishwa mu byogajuru( mu kirere harashyuha cyane), mu gukora imbunda(nazo iyo zirasa zirashyuha) ndetse no mu bikoresho bimwe bya gisirikare na kiganga.
Iri buye rikoreshwa mu gukora amabuye abika umuriro k’uburyo ashobora kongerwamo undi kuko atajya asanwa kandi ibi bituma ahenda.
Colbalt ni ibuye rihenda, rifite ibinyabutabire bihumanya kandi rigoye gucukura no gutunganywa.
Abaricukura muri Repubulika ya Demukarasi ya Congo nibo babizi neza.
Ikigo cya Kaminuza ya Harvard kitwa Chan School of Public Health kivuga ko hagati ya 15% na 30% by’abacukura Cobalt muri DRC bayicukura mu birombe bidafite ubwirinzi buhagije kandi nabo ntibagira ibikoresho bibarinda.
Hari umuhanga witwa Kara uherutse gusohora igitabo yose ‘Cobalt Red’ kivuga iby’iki kibazo.
Muri cyo harimo ibika bisobanura iby’imfu z’abacukuzi, kwandura kw’ikirere n’amazi biterwa n’uburyo Cobalt itunganywamo n’ibyerekeye ibiciro byayo ku isoko mpuzamahanga.
Abashakashatsi bo muri Kaminuza ya Leuven mu Bubiligi bakoranye na bagenzi babo ba Kaminuza ya Lubumbashi basanga abana baba mu ngo zituriye ikirombe rutura cya Cobalt kiba ahitwa Kasulo hafi y’umujyi wa Kalwezi mu nkari zabo harimo ikinyabutabire cya Cobalt bakura mu byo barya, banywa cyangwa bahumeka.
Ikintu gikomeye giteza abatuye muri ako gace akaga ni ivumbi riva mu birombe bacukuramo Cobalt.
Ni ivumbi riba ririmo na Iranium kandi iri buye rigira gazi yaryo yitwa Radon yangiza ibihaha cyane cyane iby’abana.
Ese hari icyabikorwaho?
Nyuma y’intabaza ikomeye yatanzwe n’abaharangira uburenganzira bwa muntu, ibigo bikomeye bikora imodoka z’amashanyarazi cyangwa ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bikenera bateri nka Apple na Tesla, byahise bitangira kureba niba bitajya bikura Cobalt mu bihugu bifite ikoranabuhanga ryo kuyicukura nta byinshi yangije.
Ibyo bihugu ni Marocco na Australia.
Ikigo gikora imodoka cya BMW nacyo niho gihanze amaso guhera mu mwaka wa 2020.
National Geographic yanditse ko Tesla ivuga ko yagabanyije 60% bya Colbalt yashyiraga muri bateri zayo, ku rundi ruhande, hari amasezerano y’igihe kirekire yagiranye n’ikigo cya mbere gicukura Cobalt ku isi kitwa Glencore avuga ko izahabwa toni 6,000 z’iri buye rizacukurwa muri DRC mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe.
World Economic Forum ivuga ko, uko bigaragara, Cobalt izakomeza kuba ibuye rikenerwa mu gukora ziriya bateri kandi mu gihe kirekire.
Icyakora umuti utangwa ku kibazo cy’uko hacukurwa nyinshi ni uko bateri zikorwa zahabwa uburyo bwo kujya zongerwamo amashanyarazi bitabaye ngombwa ko hakorwa izindi.
Ni muri uru rwego hashinzwe ikigo kitwa Redwood Materials gifata bateri zishaje zikazishwanyaguza ibinyabutabire bivuyemo bigakorwamo izindi bateri.
Nyiri iki kigo witwa JB Straubel avuga ko bidatinze azashyira ku isoko bateri zinaguwe( re-cycled) zihagije ku bantu miliyoni imwe.
Ni umugambi azaba yagezeho mu mwaka wa 2025.
N’ubwo ari uko bimeze, ikibazo abita ku bidukikije bavuga ko gikomeye ni irushanwa rikomeye hagati y’Ubushinwa na Amerika mu gukora izi modoka ndetse na mudasobwa zikenera bateri zifashisha Cobalt.
Uko guhiganwa niko gutuma ubucukuzi bw’iri buye buzakomeza kuba ikibazo ku bidukikije n’ubuzima bwa muntu by’umwihariko.
Isi iri guharanira ko ikirere kitakomeza gushyuha bitewe n’imyotsi izamurwa na moteri z’ibinyabiziga cyangwa iva mu nganda.
Iyi niyo mpamvu ikoranabuhanga rikoresha amashanyarazi mu binyabiziga riri gushyiramo imbaraga, hakiyongeraho n’ihiganwa mu bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho no guhanga udushya hagati y’ibihugu byinshi bikomeye ku isi.
