Tariki 6 Mata 1994 – 6 Mata 2021, imyaka 27 iruzuye uwari Perezida w’u Rwanda Juvenal Habyarimana ahanuwe mu ndege Falcon 50, hamwe na Cyprien Ntaryamira wayoboraga u Burundi, abantu barindwi n’abakozi batatu bo mu ndege.
Muri raporo iheruka gushyikirizwa Perezida Emmanuel Macron yakozwe n’impuguke ziyobowe na Vincent Duclert, hagaragajwemo bimwe mu byo u Bufaransa bwamenye ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, cyane ko harimo n’abaturage babwo.
Aya makuru yashingirwaga ku makuru yohererezwaga ubutegetsi bwo hejuru mu Bufaransa aturutse mu Buyobozi Bukuru Bushinzwe Iperereza ryo mu Mahanga, DGSE.
Imwe mu nyandiko zabonywe, igaragaza ko iyo ndege ikimara guhanurwa mu ijoro ryo ku wa 6 Mata, ahagana saa tatu z’ijoro abasirikare barindaga Perezida Habyarimana bahise bafunga imihanda yinjira muri Kigali, Gen Romeo Dallaire wayoboraga ingabo za MINUAR atanga itegeko uburyo bwo kurindira Kigali umutekano bwikuba kane.
Muri iryo joro humvikanye ukurasana hakorehejwe imbunda nto n’inini.
I Kanombe indege imaze kuraswa
Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kanombe cyahise cyuzura abasirikare ba FAR (Forces Armées Rwandaises), abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR bamburwa imbunda.
Ahagana saa tatu z’ijoro abasirikare bakuru bakoraniye mu biro bikuru by’ingabo, Théoneste Bagosora wari umuyobozi w’ibiro bya Minisitiri w’Ingabo agerageza kumvisha abasirikare bakuru ba FAR guhita bafata ubutegetsi.
Mu nyandiko z’u Bufaransa hagaragazwa uburyo inshuro nyinshi Bagosora yabaga ashaka kuyobora bagenzi be, biza no kugaragara ko ‘yaba yari’ no mu bahitanye Habyarimana.
Nyuma y’ibiganiro na Gen Romeo Dallaire n’intumwa yihariye y’Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Roger Booh-Booh, ngo hatanzwe ibitekerezo ko Guverinoma ya gisirikare itazigera yemerwa n’Umuryango mpuzamahanga.
Byaje kurangira ku munsi wakurikiyeho ahagana 8 h00’, Théodore Sindikubwabo yemejwe nka Perezida w’inzibacyuho, Jean Kambanda agirwa Minisitiri w’Intebe mu gikorwa cyabereye muri Ambasade y’u Bufaransa.
Mu yindi nama yahuje abayobozi bakuru b’ingabo, Colonel Bagosora nabwo ngo yashakaga kuyobora Komite ikurikirana ibibazo biri mu gihugu, mu izina rya comité de crise. Ntabwo nabyo byamukundiye.
Bagosora yaje gutungwa agatoki ku rupfu rwa Habyarimana
Mu ntangiro za Nyakanga 1994, DGSE yanditse ko amakuru amwe ahamya ko indege ya Habyarimana yahanuwe na Gen Augustin Bizimana wabaye Minisitiri w’ingabo, utarisangaga mu masezerano ya Arusha yari amaze gusinywa na Habyarimana.
Nyuma DGSE yaje kubona andi makuru ko “ba Colonel’ Bagosora wayoboraga ibiro bya minisitiri w’ingabo na Serubuga wabaye umugaba w’ingabo za FAR ari bo b’ingenzi bateguye igikorwa cyo ku wa 6 Mata 1994.”
Iyo mvugo ya kabiri yaje gushimangirwa ndetse yemezwa na DGSE guhera ku wa 12 Nyakanga, 1994. Ibyo bigahuzwa n’uruhare rw’abantu bari bagize icyitwaga Akazu cyangwa “réseau Zéro”.
Mu nyandiko yo ku wa 22 Nzeri,1994, DGSE yagarutse ku isesengura ku bagize uruhare mu ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, yiswe “Hypothèse du Service sur les Responsabilités de L’attentat contre l’avion du Président Habyarimana”.
Yashimangiye mo “ba Colonel Bagosora wayoboraga Ibiro bya Minisitiri w’ingabo na Serubuga wigeze kuba umugaba mukuru w’ingabo za FAR, nk’abantu b’ingenzi mu bagabye igitero ku ndege ya Perezida Habyarimana ku wa 6 Mata 1994. ”
Byahujwe no kuba Habyarimana yari yarabashyize mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru mu 1992, “mu gihe bizeraga kuzazamurwa mu ntera bakaba ba Général, […] biba intangiriro yo kumwijundika no kwiyegereza umugore we Agathe Habyarimana, wafatwaga nk’umwe mu bacurabwenge b’imigambi idashyigikiye ubutegetsi bwariho. ”
DGSE yanifashishije ubuhamya bw’umwe mu bari abasirikare ba FAR, wavuze ko byari byitezwe ko hari ikintu kidasanzwe kizaba mu ntangiriro za Mata 1994.
Yagize ati “Ku wa 1,Mata,1994 hasinywe ubutumwa butegeka kwimura ibikomoka kuri peteroli, intwaro nini n’into, zikava mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Kanombe zikajyanwa mu cya Kimihurura cyabagamo abasirikare barinda Perezida. Kompanyi ebyiri (Parachutistes bagera kuri 300) zavanywe i Kanombe zijyanwa ku Kimihurura. Uko kubimura kwakozwe mu ibanga hirindwa kubonwa na MINUAR.”
Uwo mugambi ngo wari ugamije ko aba GP(Garde Presidentielle) basigarana Kanombe bonyine kugira ngo bazabashe gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wabo ku wa 6 Mata, abandi basirikare bahabaga bari ku Kimihurira.
DGSE ivuga ko Bagosora yakomeje kugerageza uko yafata ubutegetsi ariko bikanga, cyane cyane nyuma y’amasaha y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana.
Abantu bari bajyanye na Habyarimana i Dar es Salaam ariko bagasigara inyuma, batanze ubuhamya ko Bagosora yari amaze igihe agerageza kwigaragaza nk’umunyagitinyiro mushya mu Rwanda.
Uruhare rwa ‘réseau Zéro’
Mu isesengura rya DGSE, hagaragajwe uburyo itsinda ry’abahezanguni ryiyise ‘réseau Zéro’ rigizwe n’abantu bakomeye baturukaga mu Majyaruguru n’i Burengerazuba bw’igihugu, bagize uruhare mu bikorwa byagejeje ku gitero cyo ku wa 6 Mata, 1994.
Ni umugambi ngo waba waratangiye mu 1991, aho bijyanye n’amasezerano ya Arusha yasabaga gusaranganya ubutegetsi, kuyasinya byari kuba mu nyungu z’Abahutu baturuka mu Majyepfo y’igihugu.
Yakomeje iti “Byarashobokga ko habaho guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana kugira ngo bamusimbuze undi musirikare mukuru uturuka muri Gisenyi.”
Mu bagize uruhare muri uwo mugambi hakomeje kuvugwamo abantu bari begamiye kuri Agathe Habyarimana na musaza we Protais Zigiranyirazo, alias “ Monsieur Z “, aho wasangaga hari abasirikare bitwa “ Colonels de Madame “ barimo Bagosora, Serubuga, Nkundiye na Anatole Nsengiyumva.
Hari byinshi bitarasobanuka
Mu kugaruka ku ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, hari abagiye bavuga ko FPR yabigizemo uruhare ndetse bakanavuga bamwe mu bari abasirikare bayo, ariko raporo Duclert yagaragaje ko DGSE yari imaze kubona ibimenyetso bigaruka gusa ku Bahutu b’abahezanguni, cyane bo mu bice bya Gisenyi.
Hanzuwe ko ibimenyetso bishobora kugaragaza ko missiles zarashe Falcon 50 zoherejwe n’abasirikare ba FPR bidahagije, kubera ko kugira ngo wegere ikibuga cy’indege n’i Masaka aho ibisasu byaturutse, byari gusaba kunyura kuri bariyeri nyinshi za gisirikare, kandi ako gace kari katemerewe kugeramo abasivili.
Yakomeje iti “Ahubwo hafi aho harindwaga n’abajandarume n’abasirikare ba MINUAR. Ibisasu byarashwe bigomba kuba byaroherejwe n’abantu batojwe neza kandi bari imbere mu gice gicungiwe umutekano w’ikibuga cy’indege.”
N’ubwo umwanzuro usa n’ufatwa gutyo, DGSE igaragaza ko ari ibyemezo bishingiye ku isesengura ryo kureba ibishoboka n’ibidashoboka, bidashingiye ku bimenyetso.
Ibyo bigaterwa n’uko ibimenyetso by’ibanze byaraburiwe irengero ubwo indege yamaraga guhanurwa, kandi hakaba haragiye havugwa ibihuha byinshi kuri iyi ngingo.
Ku wa 6 Mata 1994 ahagana 21h30, commandant Grégoire De Saint Quentin wabaga mu kigo cya Kanombe yagiye aho indege ya Habyarimana yaguye, ariko nta kimenyetso na kimwe yabonye gishobora kwemeza ukuri ku byabaye.
Byaje kumenyekana ko yagiyeyo gushaka agasanduku k’umukara k’indege ya Habyarimana, ariko ngo yaje kubwirwa na Lt Col. Jean-Jacques Maurin wakoraga muri Ambasade i Kigali ko ntako yagiraga.
Ni ibintu nabyo bitarasobanuka uburyo indege itwara Perezida yaba idafite agasanduku k’umukara kabika amakuru yose y’indege n’itumanaho ryayo.
Raporo Duclert inavuga ko hari “umukozi w’iperereza mu Bubiligi wavuze ko ashobora kuba yarakabonye mu ndege yajyanye umuryango wa Habyarimana mu Bufaransa. ”
U Bufaransa ariko bwaje gusubiza ko atari bwo ‘bufite agasanduku k’umukara k’indege ya Perezida yahanuwe, ko habazwa mbere na mbere Guverinoma y’inzubacyuho. ”
Ibyo byose bikarushaho kugaragaza ko uko ibintu bitinda, kuzagaragaza ukuri kw’ibyabaye bizarushaho kugorana.
DGSE igaragaza ko nyuma y‘ihanurwa ry’indege ya Habyarimana, inzego nyinshi nka radio RTLM zatangiye guhamagarira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi, haherewe ku malisiti yari yarakozwe mbere, bigaragaza ko umugambi muremure wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 wari warateguwe.
