Muri iki gihe u Rwanda rwiyemeje gukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu bintu byose. Mu rwego rw’imari, ikoranabuhanga ryafashije abantu kugera kuri serivisi zaryo ku kigero kitegeze kibaho mu mateka yarwo. Kwishyurana mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga byikubye inshuro 400% ariko si mu Rwanda gusa.
Umuyobozi w’Ikigo WorldRemit( ishami ry’u Rwanda) Madamu Carine Umurerwa aherutse kubwira Taarifa uko buriya buryo bukora n’akamaro abona buzakomeza kugirira Abanyarwanda muri ibi bya COVID-19.
Ikibazo: Mu Rwanda kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga byikubye inshuro zirenze cyane cyane muri iki gihe u Rwanda n’amahanga bihanganye na COVID-19. Ese ikigo WorldRemit cyabigizemo uruhe ruhare haba mu Rwanda no muri Afurika muri rusange?
Carine Umurerwa: Mu by’ukuri na mbere y’uko COVID-19 yaduka, kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga byarakoraga. Aha ndavuga mu mwaka wa 2019 na mbere yawo. Gusa ubwo kiriya cyorezo cyadukaga, byariyongereye cyane kubera ko nta kundi abantu bari bwohererezanye amafaranga kubera kwanga kwanduzanya kiriya cyorezo.
Nk’ikigo gitanga serivisi zo kohererezanya amafaranga muri Afurika, WorldRemit yagize uruhare rugaragara muri byo. Ni uruhare rwari rucyenewe kubera ko abantu bari barasabwe kuguma mu ngo, ntihagire ukora ku mafaranga, ahubwo agakoresha ikoranabuhanga agura, agurisha, yohereza cyangwa yakira amafaranga.
WorldRemit yari isanzwe ikora, umuntu akoherereza mugenzi we uba muri kimwe mu bihugu cya Afurika amafaranga undi akayakira binyuze mu ikoranabuhanga.
Birumvikana ko ubwo kiriya cyorezo cyadukaga, hagafatwa ingamba zo kugikumira harimo no kudakora ku mafaranga, abantu bari basanzwe bakoresha uburyo bwo kohererezanya amafaranga bakomereje aho, biraborohera.
Twishimira ko mu Rwanda hari ibigo bitanga serivisi z’itumanaho, murandasi n’uburyo bwo kohererezanya amafaranga zadufashije muri aka kazi kacu. Ubwo buryo ni MTN Mobile Money na Airtel Money.
Ni uburyo bukoreshwa haba muri Tanzania, Uganda na Kenya.
Ikibazo: Hari abavuze ko ikiguzi cyo koherereza umuntu amafaranga kiri hejuru. Iki kibazo muri kugicyemura gute cyane cyane muri iki gihe ubukungu bw’abantu bushegeshwe na COVID-19?
Carine Umurerwa: Aha nakubwira ko iyo ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu kohereza no kwakira amafaranga rikoze neza, bituma n’ikiguzi cyo kohereza cyangwa kwakira amafaranga kigabanuka. Ibi ni ko bimeze kuri WorldRemit kuko nyuma yo gutunganya ikoranabuhanga mu kohereza no kwakira amafaranga, igiciro byatwaraga nacyo cyagabanutse ku kigero cya 25% ugereranyije n’uko bimeze ku bandi batanga serivisi nk’izacu.
Mu mwaka wa 2020 twanasubiyemo uko ibiciro byacu bihagaze kugira ngo tworohereze abakiliya bacu muri ibi bihe ubukungu bwifashe nabi.
Ibi byatumye abakiliya bacu, baba mu Rwanda cyangwa ahandi muri Afurika, babona serivisi zitabahenze.
Ikibazo: Ikiranabuhanga mu kohereza cyangwa kwakira amafaranga riba buri ryugarijwe n’abajura bakoresha ikoranabuhanga ngo bagire abo biba. Muhangana mute nabo?
Carine Umurerwa: Gutanga serivisi zihuse, zinoze kandi zirinzwe ni intego yacu kuva twatangiza WorldRemit mu mwaka wa 2009. Yego ibibazo ntibibura mu bantu cyane nk’ibyo byababa bashaka gusahurira mu nduru, ariko dufite abahanga bakora uko bashoboye bakabuza abo bajura kugera ku migambi yabo.
Dufite ikoranabuhanga ribuza umuntu wese ushaka kwiba amafaranga y’abandi kwinjira muri sisiteme( system) zacu ngo agere kucyo yifuza.
Ubigerageje wese turamubona kuko dufite amatsinda y’abahanga bakora amanywa n’ijoro bareba niba nta muntu ushaka gutwara amafaranga y’abakiliya bacu.
Ku rundi ruhande ariko, nasanze ikintu cya mbere ari uko umukiliya wacu nawe aba afite ubumenyi n’uburyo byatuma we ubwe yirinda.
Ni kenshi duhugura abakiliya bacu tukababwira ibyo bagomba kwirinda kugira ngo badashyira umutungo wabo ku karubanda, abajura bakawukoramo.
Ikibazo: Iyo urebye usanga murandasi muri Afurika itarakoreshwa ku kigero kiri hejuru nk’uko bimeze ahandi ku isi. Ibi kandi birumvikana ko ari imbogamizi ku bigo bitanga serivisi z’imari bikoresheje ikoranabuhanga. Mwe mu byifatamo mute ngo muhangane n’iki kibazo?
Carine Umurerwa: Hari raporo ivuga ku ikoreshwa rya murandasi ku isi ivuga ko murandasi iri kugera kuri benshi muri Afurika kandi izakomeza gukura muri uwo mujyo. Ni raporo yitwa 2021 GSMA Report.
Biteganyijwe ko uku kwiyongera kwa murandasi kuzagera kuri 39% mu mwaka wa 2025, bivuye kuri 28 mu mwaka wa 2020.
Uko abantu bazarushaho gutunga telefoni zigezweho kandi zifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira murandasi iremereye kurushaho ni ko n’igiciro cyayo kizagabanuka, ikagera henshi kandi kuri benshi.
Muri abo benshi rero harimo n’abakiliya bacu.
Ku byerekeye u Rwanda, ni ngombwa kwibuka ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyize imbere iterambere rishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ryifashisha murandasi. Muri Mutarama, 2021 murandasi yakoreshwaga ku kigero cya 31.4%.
Ni umubare twizera ko uzakomeza kuzamuka uko ibikorwa remezo byo kuzamura murandasi bizagezwa hirya no hino muri iki gihugu.
Ikibazo: Ubwo COVID-19 yabicaga bigacika mu Rwanda, rumwe mu nzego yahungabanyije ni urw’imari n’amabanki kandi zimwe ni abafatanyabikorwa banyu b’imena. Ni izihe ngamba mwafashe ngo mukomeze gukorana nazo muri ibyo bihe bitoroshye?
Carine Umurerwa: Mu myaka ibiri ishize, ni ukuvuga uwa 2019( mu mpera) n’uwa 2020 abantu ntibari bemerewe kujya muri Banki ngo bajyaneyo cash cyangwa bazibikuze.Mbere y’uko aya mabwiriza aza, twari twarashyizeho uburyo bwo gufasha abakiliya ba za Banki kohereza cyangwa kubona amafaranga bitabaye ngombwa ko bajya gutondayo umurongo.
Ubu rero uko imitangire ya serivisi zacu irushaho kunoga ni ko n’imikoranire yacu na za banki iba myiza.
COVID-19 yaraje ijegeza byinshi ariko yasanze hari uburyo twari twaratekereje bwadufashije kwirinda ko yatunegekaza.
Ikibazo: Intego yanyu mu myaka itanu ni iyihe?
Carine Umurerwa: N’ubwo iki cyorezo cyaje kikatugiraho ingaruka nka ba rwiyemezamirrimo, ariko amahirwe ni uko twe nka WorlRemit twari dufite ingamba zadufashije guhangana n’ingaruka zacyo.
Muri iki gihe rero isi isa n’iri gusubira ku murongo, turateganya kongera ishoramari muri serivisi zo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga.
Muri Kenya duherutse gutangiza ubundi buryo bwo gutanga serivisi z’imari, ubu buryo tukaba tubufatanya na Airtel-Money.
Ni uburyo butuma Airtel-Money Kenya ifasha abakiliya bayo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga mu bihugu 50 hirya no hino ku isi.
Umugambi wacu muri rusange ni ukuzamura uru rwego rukagera ku nshuti zacu bakaba n’abakiliya bacu muri Afurika hose.
