Abanyamerika barenga kimwe cya kabiri bashaka kubigabanya, ariko kubigumisha hasi birushaho kugorana.
Gutanga urugero ku Banyamerika bishyize mu gaciro kuko ari cyo gihugu gikize gifite abaturage babyibuha kurusha ab’ahandi ku isi.
Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abantu 80 kugeza kuri 95 ku ijana bagabanyije ibiro, bongeye kubyongera mu myaka itatu kugeza kuri itanu yakurikiyeho nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibyavuye mu bushashatsi by’ibigo National Institutes of Health n’ishyirahamwe Obesity Society.
Abashakashatsi bavuga ko ibyo atari ikibazo cy’ubushake buke.
Imisemburo (hormones), imiterere ‘karemano’ y’imibiri ndetse n’uburyo ibinyabuzima (abantu n’inyamaswa) byagiye byihinduranya mu mateka (evolution) bituma umubiri utemera guta ibiro.
Ibyo bituma umuntu yongera gusonza kenshi, akarya, akanywa maze Ibiro bikongera kuzamuka.
Kimberly Gudzune, umuyobozi w’ubuvuzi mu Nama y’Abanyamerika y’Ubuvuzi bw’Umubyibuho ukabije (American Board of Obesity Medicine), avuga ko kugabanya ibiro ari urugamba rukomeye.
Agira ati: “Hari igitekerezo dufite cy’uko iyo umuntu amaze kugera k’uguta ibiro, bihagararira aho. Ariko ikibabaje ni uko atari ko bigenda.”
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, kwiyiriza byafatwaga nko ukwigerezaho.
Ubu, abashakashatsi batangiye gusobanukirwa impamvu umubiri urwanya cyane kugabanya ibiro—n’uko imisemburo, imikorere y’ubwonko, ndetse n’ibyabaye mu bwana bw’umuntu bigena uko ibiro bizagenda byiyongera mu buzima bwose.
Hashize igihe kinini abantu bumva ko kugabanya ibiro ku buryo bugaragara bishoboka ariko ntibamenye uko bigenda nyuma yaho.
Abahanga baje kubivumbura gahoro gahoro binyuze mu kiganiro cya Televiziyo The Biggest Loser cyatambukaga kuva mu mwaka wa 2002 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2016.
Abaryitabiraga bahabwaga ibihembo bitewe n’uko bagabanyije ibiro byinshi, bafashijwe n’abatoza, inzobere mu mirire, n’abaganga—ariko ku bashakashatsi, byaje kugaragara ko umubiri urwanya impinduka zihuse zityo.
Hari ubushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 2016 bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Obesity bwakozwe ku bantu 14 bitabiriye icyo kiganiro, bose bari bafite umubyibuho bukabije bwagereranyije imiterere y’imibiri yabo n’uburyo yatwikaga ibyo baryaga, ( metabolism) bukaba bwarakorwaga buri gihe uko barangizaga irushanwa mu gihe cy’imyaka itandatu yakurikiyeho.
Bwasanze abo bitabiriye barongereye ibiro byinshi kubyo bari baragabanyije.
Wa muhanga witwa Gudzune agira ati: “Iyo ugabanyije ibiro, umubiri wawe ntuba ugitwika kalori nyinshi,” bivuze ko umuntu wagabanyije ibiro agomba kurya kalori nke kurusha undi muntu bafite ubunini bumwe utarigeze abigabanya, kugira ngo agumane ibiro bye.
Ibyo si ikibazo cya metabolism gusa—ni n’ikibazo cy’imisemburo.
Nyuma yo kugabanya ibiro hakoreshejwe kwiyiriza gusa, umusemburo ghrelin (ubwira umuntu ko ashonje ) uriyongera, naho iyitwa peptide YY na leptin (ibwira umuntu ko ahaze ) yo iragabanuka.
Izo mpinduka z’imisemburo zigaragara na nyuma y’umwaka umwe umuntu agabanyije ibiro.
Izo ni zimwe mu mpinduka nyinshi za “metabolism” umubiri ukoresha mu “kwirwanaho” iyo ugabanyije ibiro, nk’uko Andres Acosta, umuganga w’inzobere mu ndwara zo mu gifu n’umubyibuho ukabije mu kigo cy’Abanyamerika kitwa Mayo Clinic abivuga.
Ubuvuzi nko kubagwa hagabanywa igifu (bariatric surgery) n’imiti ya GLP-1 bishobora gufasha kugabanya izo mpinduka, binyuze mu kunoza itumanaho riri hagati y’ubwonko n’igifu ku bijyanye no gusonza no guhaga.
Ariko hari abarwayi bamwe bagira impungenge zo gukoresha ubu buryo.
Ubumenyi buri inyuma y’icyitwa “set point” y’ibiro by’umubiri
Igitekerezo kimwe gifasha gusobanura izi ngingo nj iyitwa ‘set-point theory’ y’umubyibuho ukabije.
Kivuga ko burya umubiri ufite uburyo bwinshi bwo kubungabunga ibiro, bikaba uburyo buba busanzwe mu mubiri w’umuntu mu buryo bwa ‘karemano’ kandi ko abantu benshi bagira izo “set points” zitandukanye mu byiciro bitandukanye by’ubuzima bwabo.
Gudzune avuga ko uburyo bwo kuvura umubyibuho ukabije bwahindutse cyane mu gihe gito.
Mu mwaka wa 2010, ubwo yatangiraga gukorera mu buvuzi bw’umubyibuho ukabije, yakundaga kubona ko abarwayi batabwira imiryango yabo cyangwa inshuti ko bari kuwivuza.
Ati: “Isoni n’ivangura byari bikomeye cyane ku buryo batifuzaga ko hagira ubimenya.”
Imbuga nkoranyambaga zatumye izi mpaka zigaragara kurushaho.
Hari izafashije mu gutuma abantu bumva neza ikibazo aho kiri ariko izindi zikwirakwiza amafoto y’imibiri itajyanye n’ukuri n’ivangura rikorerwa abantu bafite ibiro byinshi.
Nubwo iki gitekerezo kivugwa cyane, si inzobere zose zicyemera.
Gudzune avuga ko gishobora koroshya cyane inzira zimwe, ariko kikanafasha abantu gusobanukirwa impamvu kugabanya ibiro bigorana.
Impamvu ivangura rishingiye ku biro rituma kuvura umubyibuho ukabije bigorana
Ivangura rishingiye ku biro ntiryerekana gusa uko abantu bafatwa—rishobora no kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwabo.
Andrew Kraftson wo muri Kaminuza ya Michigan wigisha iby’ubuzima avuga ko hari imyumvire ivuga uko abantu bafite “ibiro bisanzwe” baba bashobora kubigenzura, bakaba bazi ubwenge kandi ari abasirimu.
Abantu bafite ibiro byinshi bashobora gutekereza ko abafite ibike bapima neza ibyo barya kandi bakagira uburyo bwo gukora siporo imibiri igatwika ‘kalori’ zose barya.
Ariko Kraftson abihakana agira ati: “Ibyo si ukuri na gato.”
Kugereranya bene ibyo bishobora gutuma umuntu yishinja icyaha kandi akumva ko kuvurwa neza—nko kubagwa cyangwa gukoresha imiti ya GLP-1—ari nko gushakira inzira yoroshye, y’ubusamo idashyize mu gaciro.
Ubushakashatsi bwa Reuters bwagaragaje ko Instagram ikunze kugaragariza abangavu n’ingimbi ko kubyibuha cyane bitagezweho bigatuma hari benshi muri bo batangira kurya nabi.
Iyo batabyibushye cyane, barahorota.
Ariko Gudzune anemera ko hari n’abifashisha imbuga nkoranyambaga bagasaba ubuvuzi iyo babaye abantu bashyira mu gaciro.
Gusa kutagira ubushake bwo kujya gushaka ubufasha biracyari inzitizi ikomeye, haba mu bagize umuryango n’abantu ku giti cyabo, bikagirwamo uruhare n’akato bahabwa.
Abantu bafite ubwibushye bashobora no kugira ivangura ‘bikorera ubwabo’ cyangwa iryo bakorerwa n’abandi kandi rigira ingaruka mbi ku buzima zirimo agahinda gakabije, kwiyanga, n’imyitwarire mibi mu mirire.
Gudzune avuga ko hari abarwayi benshi babwiwe n’abaganga babo ko ikibazo cyose bafite bagiterwa n’ibiro byinshi bafite.
Ariko avuga ko kumenya no kwemera ko hari ubuvuzi bwinshi buhari bwabafasha, kandi akizera ko bizorohereza abantu gushaka ubufasha.
Uko abaganga bari gutunganya ubuvuzi bwihariye kuri iki kibazo
Acosta avuga ko abanza gusobanurira abarwayi be ko urugendo rwo kugabanya ibiro ruzajyana n’impinduka zirimo iz’umubiri bita igogora, metabolism.
Nk’umuganga wabo, inshingano ye ni ukubaherekeza no kubafasha guhangana n’imbogamizi zijyana nabyo.
Avuga ko abantu batandukanye bitwara mu buryo butandukanye, ari yo mpamvu yakoze ikizamini cy’irangasano-maraso gifasha kumenya impamvu zihariye zituma umuntu agira uwo mubyibuho ‘udasanzwe’.
Abo bantu bashyirwa mu byiciro bine: “ubwonko bufite inzara”, “igifu gifite inzara,” “inzara iterwa n’amarangamutima,” no “kugogora(metabolism) bigenda buhoro.”
Mu gukemura buri cyiciro cyihariye, abarwayi bashobora guhabwa ubuvuzi n’imiti bijyanye n’ikibazo cyabo, bigafasha kugera ku ntsinzi irambye mu kugabanya no kubungabunga ibiro.
Gudzune avuga ko hakiri imyumvire ivuga ko umubyibuho ukabije utagomba kuvurwa n’inzobere mu buvuzi, ariko ngo ari gukora ibishoboka ngo bihinduke.
Agira ati: “Ntitubwira abantu bafite umuvuduko w’amaraso mwinshi cyangwa diyabete ngo ‘jya ubyikemurira.’”
Kubera iyo mpamvu, n’umubyibuho ukabije ushobora kuvurwa.
Ejo hazaza h’ubuvuzi bwo kugabanya ibiro
Kraftson avuga ko ikibazo nyamukuru kitari ku mubare w’ibiro, ahubwo kiri ku buzima bw’ubifite.
Kugira intego zisobanutse birafasha, kuko ahanini biterwa n’uko umuntu byibushye afate icyo kibazo afite.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gufasha uwo muntu ni ubuvuzi bwuzuye burimo abaganga, inzobere mu mirire, n’abafasha mu buzima bwo mu mutwe.
Ati: “Si imiti gusa.”
Kubyibuha bikabije ni indwara igoye kandi iramba, igirwamo uruhare n’ibyo abantu barya, ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Agira ati: “Ibidukikije n’imibereho yacu twubatse birwanya ubuzima bwacu, bikatugiraho ingaruka ,” kandi ngo kubihindura bisaba ishoramari rikomeye.
