Muri Vietnam habereye urubanza rwa mbere rutangaje cyane rwabayeho mu mateka y’imikorere ya Banki aho ari ho hose ku isi.
Mu cyumba kinini cy’urukiko cyo mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh City habereye isomwa ry’urubanza rwaregwagamo umugore w’imyaka 67 ukora mu bucuruzi bw’inyubako wakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu nyuma yo guhamwa icyaha cyo gusahura imwe muri banki nini za Vietinam amafaranga angana na miliyari $44 mu gihe cy’imyaka 11.
Kuri uyu wa kane nibwo uru rubanza rwasomwe.
Umwanzuro w’urukiko uvuga ko uwo mugore akatirwa igihano cyo kwicwa kubera icyaha gikomeye cyo mu rwego rw’imari yari akurikiranyweho.
Madamu Truong My Lan yahamwe no gutwara miliyari $ 44 yo mu nguzanyo muri banki y’ubucuruzi yitwa Saigon Commercial Bank.
Umwanzuro w’urukiko umutegeka kugarura miliyari $ 27, gusa abashinjacyaha bo bakavuga ko nayo mafaranga nayo ashobora kutazagaruzwa.
Bemeza ko icyo gihano cy’urupfu ari uburyo bw’urukiko bwo kumwotsa igitutu ngo afashe mu kwerekana aho izindi miliyari zaburiwe irengero ziherereye.
Abategetsi b’amahame ya gikomunisiti yo gukorera mu ibanga bo muri icyo gihugu, mu buryo butamenyerewe bavuze kuri uru rubanza nta guca ku ruhande, barubwiraho abanyamakuru ingingo ku yindi.
Babwiye BBC ko bahamagaje abatangabuhamya 2,700 mu rubanza rwarimo abashinjacyaha 10 ba Leta n’abunganizi mu mategeko bagera kuri 200.
Abashinjacyaha bazanye ibimenyetso biri mu masanduko 104, ibyo bimenyetso bikaba byarapimaga toni esheshatu.
Abantu 85 bareganwaga na Truong My Lan kandi we yaburanye ahakana ibyo aregwa.
David Brown, wahoze ari umutegetsi muri minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’Amerika, ubu uri mu kiruhuko cy’izabukuru, wakoreye muri Vietnam igihe kirekire, yagize ati: “Mu gihe cyanjye mpakorera ku butegetsi bwa gikomunisiti, ntekereza ko nta rubanza nk’uru rwo mu ruhame aho uregwa asa nk’uwamaze guhamywa icyaha rwari rwarigeze rubaho”.
Muri iki gihe Vietnam iri mu rugamba rwo guhangana na ruswa isa niyashinze imizi muri iki gihugu cyo muri Aziya.
Umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti riri ku butegetsi witwa Nguyen Phu Trong niwe uri ku isonga muri uru rugomba akaba yaratangiye kuyirwanya mu mwaka wa 2016.
Nguyen yemeza ko uburakari bw’abaturage kuri ruswa idahashywa buteje inkeke ku kwiharira ubutegetsi kw’ishyaka rya gikomunisiti.
Ubwo bukangurambaga bwatumye abaperezida babiri na ba minisitiri w’intebe bungirije babiri beguzwa, ndetse abategetsi babarirwa mu magana barihanizwa cyangwa barafungwa.
Truong My Lan ni umugore watangiye gucuruza kera, abikorera ku gatanda ko ku isoko, acuruzanya na mama we ibikoresho byo kongera ubwiza, ariko aza gutangira kugura ubutaka n’inyubako nyuma yuko ishyaka rya gikomunisiti rizanye igihe cy’amavugurura mu bukungu, kizwi nka Doi Moi, hari mu mwaka wa 1986.
Kugeza mu myaka ya 1990, yari atunze za hoteli nyinshi na resitora.
Nubwo Vietnam izwi cyane mu mahanga nk’igihugu gifite urwego rw’inganda rukura mu buryo bwihuse kandi ikaba ahantu hashobora gusimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa, benshi mu baherwe bo muri iki gihugu babonye amafaranga binyuze mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bushingiye ku nyubako, ibyo bita real estate.
Ubutaka bwose buba ari ubwa Leta kandi kubugeraho binyura mu mubano umuntu aba afitanye n’abategetsi, bigatuma ruswa ihabwa intebe.
Iyo ruswa kandi igendana n’uko ubukungu bwiyongera.
Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2011, Truong My Lan yari umucuruzi uzwi cyane mu mujyi wa Ho Chi Minh.
Yaje kwemererwa guhuriza hamwe banki eshatu nto zari zifite ikibazo cy’amafaranga, azikoramo banki imwe nini, yitwa Saigon Commercial Bank (SCB).
Amategeko ya Vietnam abuza umuntu kugira imigabane irenze 5% muri banki iyo ari yo yose.
Aho kugira ngo abikore kandi azi neza ko bibujijwe, yahisemo kubinyiza mu bindi bigo bito no ku bantu yakoreshaga nk’abahagarariye inyungu ze.
Byaje gutuma agira imigabane irenga 90% muri iyo banki y’ubucuruzi.
Abashinjacyaha bamushinje gukoresha ubwo bubasha mu gushyiraho abantu be akabagira abayobozi ba banki bityo akajya abategeka gutanga inguzanyo zibarirwa mu magana, bakaziha za kompanyi nto yabaga agenzura.
Umubare w’amafaranga ashinjwa gukura muri iyo banki arenze ukwemera.
Inguzanyo ze zari zihariye 93% by’inguzanyo zose iyo banki yatanze.
Abashinjacyaha bavuga ko mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu uhereye muri Gashyantare (2) mu 2019, yategetse umushoferi we kubikuza za tiriyari 108 z’ama dong(ni amafaranga akoreshwa muri Vietnam) akaba arenga miliyari $ 4 ‘cash’, azikura muri iyo banki, azibika mu cyumba cyo hasi cyo mu nzu ye.
Amafaranga angana gutyo ya ‘cash’, ni yo yose aza kuba ari mu noti z’agaciro kanini cyane za Vietnam, na bwo yapima toni ebyiri.
Icyakora abantu bibaza ukuntu yakomeje gukora ubwo buriganya niba nta bantu bamukingiraga ikibaba bo muri Leta cyangwa muri Banki nkuru ya Vietinam.
Uko biri kose, nk’uko David Brown abivuga, Truong My Lan yari akingiwe ikibaba n’ibikomerezwa byamaze imyaka mirongo byiganje mu bucuruzi na politiki mu mujyi Ho Chi Minh.
Ati: “Icyo Nguyen Phu Trong n’inshuti ze mu ishyaka barimo kugerageza gukora ni ukwisubiza ijambo kuri Saigon( ya banki twavuze haruguru) cyangwa nibura kuyibuza kubaca mu myanya y’intoki [mu kuyigenzura]”.
Ngiyo dosiye ikomeye kurusha izindi zose zagaragaye kugeza ubu mu kurigisa amafaranga ya Banki.
Ifoto@Báo thanh niên
