Urukiko rwo muri Syria rwakatiye igihano cy’urupfu Bashar al-Assad wahoze ari Perezida wa Syria akaba yarakuwe ku butegetsi, rumukatira adahari nyuma yo kumuhamya ibyaha by’intambara n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu byakozwe mu gihe cy’intambara yamaze imyaka myinshi muri icyo gihugu.
Ni ubwa mbere Assad ahamijwe ibyaha n’urukiko.
Yahunze i Damascus ajya i Moscow mu Burusiya ari kumwe n’umuryango we, nyuma y’uko ubutegetsi bwe buhiritswe mu Ukuboza 2024, bikarangiza imyaka isaga 50 umuryango we wari umaze ku butegetsi.
Mubyara wa Assad, Atef Najib, wahoze ayobora urwego rushinzwe umutekano wa politiki mu Ntara ya Deraa, mu Majyepfo ya Siriya, na we yakatiwe igihano cy’urupfu.
Uyu we yagejejwe imbere y’urukiko yambaye imyenda y’abafungwa, ari mu kato kagenewe abaregwa, ubwo umucamanza yasomaga umwanzuro w’urukiko.
Intara ya Deraa ifatwa nk’ahantu hatangiriye imyigaragambyo yo kwamagana ubutegetsi bwa Assad.
Muri Werurwe 2011, gufunga no gukorerwa iyicarubozo bikekwa ku itsinda ry’abangavu n’ingimbi bari bashinjwe kwandika amagambo yo kwamagana ubutegetsi ku nkuta, byateje imyigaragambyo muri uwo mujyi.
Abashinzwe umutekano bayihosheje bakoresheje ingufu zikabije.
Ibyo bikorwa by’ubutegetsi byagize uruhare mu gutuma imyigaragambyo ikwira igihugu hose, nyuma iza kuvamo intambara yamaze imyaka myinshi, aho abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi magana bishwe.
Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, ubutegetsi bw’inzibacyuho muri Siriya bwatangiye kuburanisha abayobozi n’abakozi bakomeye bari bafitanye isano n’ubutegetsi bwa Assad, bwari bumaze imyaka isaga 50 butegeka igihugu.
Atef Najib ni umwe mu bayobozi bakomeye kurusha abandi bagejejwe imbere y’urukiko.
Yahamijwe ibyaha birimo ubwicanyi, “kwica nkana abana bari munsi y’imyaka 15”, ndetse n’iyicarubozo ryatumye abantu bapfa.
Umwe mu baturage bumvise iby’urwo rubanza bagize icyo baruvugaho.
Umwe muri yabwiye BBC ati: “Icyo dusaba ni uko uru rubanza rutaba iherezo ry’imanza… Muri Siriya nshya, guhana abantu kubera ibyaha bakoze bigomba gukomeza guhera uyu munsi.”
Urubanza rwa Syria rufatwa nk’intambwe ya mbere mu rugendo rurerure rwo guha ubutabera abahohotewe.
Nubwo Assad yakatiwe urupfu, haracyari ikibazo gikomeye cyo kumugeza imbere y’ubutabera kuko atari muri Syria.
Ntiharamenyekana niba ubuyobozi bushya bwa Syria buzatuma u Burusiya bubushyikiriza Bashar al-Assad na Maher al-Assad, bombi bakaba bari i Moscow.
Si ubwa mbere ubuyobozi bushya bwa Syria bufata icyemezo kigamije gukurikirana Assad.
Mu Ukuboza gushize, 2025, hasohotse manda yo kumuta muri yombi, ashinjwa ubwicanyi n’iyicarubozo.
Assad yahungiye mu Burusiya nyuma y’uko ingabo ziyobowe na Ahmed al-Sharaa, ubu akaba ari Perezida wa Siriya, zigaruriye ubutegetsi mu gikorwa cyihuse cyamaze iminsi 11, kigakuraho ubutegetsi bw’umuryango wa Assad.
Kuva icyo gihe, ubutegetsi bushya bwafunze abayobozi benshi bahoze bakorera ubutegetsi bwa Assad ndetse n’abakozi bo mu nzego z’umutekano.
Icyakora, abayobozi benshi bakuru b’ubutegetsi bwa kera, harimo na Assad ubwe, baracyari hanze y’igihugu, cyane cyane mu Burusiya.
Mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubutegetsi bwa Assad, abayobozi b’abatavuravugaga rumwe na bwo bagerageje kumukurikirana mu nkiko zo mu bihugu by’Uburengerazuba, ariko ibyo bikorwa ntibyigeze bituma ahamwa n’icyaha mu rukiko.
Uko Assad yageze ku butegetsi
Bashar al-Assad yafashe ubutegetsi mu mwaka wa 2000, nyuma y’urupfu rwa Se, Hafez al-Assad.
Yari umwana wa kabiri wa Hafez al-Assad, kandi ntabwo yari ateganyijwe kuba umuyobozi wa Syria.
Umuhungu w’imfura wa Hafez, Basil al-Assad, wari uteganyijwe kuzungura Se, yapfuye azize impanuka y’imodoka mu 1994.
Assad akomoka mu muryango w’aba Alawite, itsinda rito ry’abaturage bo muri Syria.
Mu gihe yamaze ku butegetsi, yakomeje gushyigikira ko abantu bo muri iri tsinda bagira uruhare rukomeye mu nzego za gisirikare, umutekano n’ubutasi.
