Amateka Ya OIF Kuva Ishinzwe Kugeza Ubu

Amatora y’Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF) afite amateka yihariye, kuko uyu mwanya wagiye ugaragaza impinduka mu mibanire ya politiki, ubufatanye n’inyungu z’ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa ku isi.

U Rwanda rufite umwanya wihariye muri aya mateka kuko Louise Mushikiwabo yabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa mbere uturuka muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara watorewe kuyobora uyu muryango mu 2018.

Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe uko amatora yo muri iki gihe ateye, ni ngombwa kubanza kureba uko OIF yavutse, uko abayobozi bayo bagiye batorwa n’impinduka zabaye mu buryo bwo kubona uwo mwanya.

1. OIF yashinzwe ryari, kandi yashinzwe igamije iki?

Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) ni Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Ibihugu n’Imiryango bikoresha Igifaransa cyangwa bifitanye isano n’ururimi n’umuco by’Igifaransa.

Ku wa 20 Werurwe 1970 nibwo hashinzwe ikigo cyiswe Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT) mu nama yabereye i Niamey muri Niger.

Mu gihe cy’ishingwa ryacyo, ibihugu byashakaga gushyiraho uburyo bwo gufatanya mu guteza imbere ururimi rw’Igifaransa, uburezi, umuco, ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga.

Mu wa 1986, hatangiye kujya habaho inama z’Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma ziyobora abaturage bakoresha Igifaransa zizwi nka Sommets de la Francophonie.

Mu nama yabereye i Cotonou muri Bénin mu mwaka wa 1995, hafashwe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho umwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa Francophonie kugira ngo umuryango ugire ubuyobozi bwa politiki buhamye.

Imyaka ibiri nyuma yaho(1997) i Hanoi muri Vietnam hatowe Umunyamabanga Mukuru wayo wa mbere, hanyuma umwaka umwe nyuma y’aho( 1998) ikitwaga Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT)kibatizwa Agence intergouvernementale de la Francophonie.

Mu mwaka wa  2005, umuryango wahawe izina ukoresha ubu rya Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF).

Ibi bivuze ko OIF nk’urwego mpuzamahanga, ifite amateka yo kuva mu 1970, ariko umwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru ukaba washyizweho mu 1997.

2. Abayoboye OIF kuva mu 1997

Kuva uyu mwanya ushyizweho, OIF imaze kugira Abanyamabanga Bakuru bane.

1997. Boutros Boutros-Ghali (1997–2002) wo mu Misiri niwe wabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa mbere wa Francophonie. Yatorewe izo nshingano mu nama yabereye i Hanoi muri Vietnam mu 1997. Mbere yari yarabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye (UN) kuva mu 1992 kugeza mu 1996. -Hakurikiyeho Abdou Diouf (2002–2014) wo muri Senegal.

Yatorewe kuyobora OIF mu 2002, asimbuye Boutros-Ghali.

Yari yarabaye Perezida wa Sénégal kuva mu 1981 kugeza mu 2000. Mu gihe yayoboraga Francophonie, yakomeje kongera uruhare rw’uyu muryango muri politiki mpuzamahanga, ubufatanye mu iterambere n’ibikorwa ndangamuco.

1. Michaëlle Jean (2015–2018) wo muri Canada

Niwe mugore wa mbere watorewe kuyobora uyu muryango, amatora yatorewemo yabereye i Dakar muri Sénégal mu 2014, atangira imirimo mu 2015.

Yabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa mbere w’umugore, ndetse aba n’umuntu wa mbere ukomoka muri Amerika ya Ruguru uyoboye uyu muryango.

2019. Louise Mushikiwabo (wo mu Rwanda) yatowe mu mwaka wa 2018 atangira inshingano mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2019.

Yatorewe kuyobora OIF mu nama yabereye i Yerevan muri Arménie mu Ukwakira 2018.

Mu 2022, yongeye gutorerwa indi manda mu nama yabereye i Djerba muri Tunisie.

Kugeza ubu, uretse Abdu Diouf, nta wundi wari wayobora manda eshatu keretse Mushikiwabo Louise uri kubihatanira kandi kugeza ubu bigaragara ko ashobora kuzabigeraho.

3. Amatora yakorwaga ate mu bihe bitandukanye?

Ikintu cy’ingenzi ni uko mu myaka myinshi, OIF itakoreshaga amatora y’igihugu ku kindi ngo gihitemo umukandida, ahubwo hari ho inteko yabikoraga binyuze mu buryo bwa dipolomasi, hagashakwa kandi hakemezwa umuntu umwe ku bwiganze.

4. Amatora ya Michaëlle Jean mu 2014: Icyo yahinduye

Uyu munya Canada kazi yatorewe i Dakar muri Sénégal.

Yari ahanganye n’abandi bantu bari bafite inyota yo kuyobora uyu muryango, barimo:

– Henri Lopes wo muri Congo-Brazzaville.

– Jean-Claude de l’Estrac wo muri Mauritius.

– Pierre Buyoya wo mu Burundi.

Icyo aya matora yagaragaje ni uko kuba umuntu akomoka mu gihugu gikoresha Igifaransa cyane cyangwa akagira amateka akomeye muri politiki y’ibihugu bikoresha Igifaransa bitamuhesha byanze bikunze amahirwe yo gutorwa.

Michaëlle Jean yatoranyijwe asimbuye Abdou Diouf, wari umaze imyaka 12 kuri uwo mwanya.

5. Amatora ya Louise Mushikiwabo mu 2018

Mu Ukwakira 2018, Louise Mushikiwabo wari umaze imyaka icyenda ari Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga w’u Rwanda, yatanze kandidatire yo kuyobora OIF.

Yari ahanganye na Michaëlle Jean wari usanzwe ayobora uyu muryango.

Nk’uko byumvikana, u Rwanda rwari rumushyigikiye kandi n’u Bufaransa byari uko, bimuhesha amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda uwo bari bahanganye.

Ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika bivuga Igifaransa byari bimuri inyuma kandi Afurika niwo mugabane ufite abaturage benshi bavuga uru rurimi.

Mu nama yabereye i Yerevan muri Arménie, ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2018, Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma bamuhaye ubuyobozi bwa OIF.

Byari bisobanuye ko Afurika yari yongeye kubona umwanya ukomeye mu buyobozi bwa Francophonie, nyuma ya Boutros Boutros-Ghali wo mu Misiri na Abdou Diouf wo muri Sénégal.

6. Amatora yo mu 2022: Mushikiwabo yongera gutorerwa kuyobora OIF

Mu Ugushyingo 2022, mu nama ya 18 ya Francophonie yabereye i Djerba muri Tunisie, Louise Mushikiwabo yongeye gutorerwa kuyobora uyu muryango.

Ibi byatumye abona manda ya kabiri y’imyaka ine, yo kuva mu 2023 kugeza mu 2026.

Icyo gihe nta muntu wundi waje guhatana na we ku mugaragaro ku buryo bw’ihangana ry’abakandida benshi.

Uburyo bwari busanzwe bukoreshwa bwo kugera ku bwumvikane hagati y’ibihugu bwakomeje kubigiramo uruhare.

7. Impinduka ikomeye mu mateka y’amatora ya OIF mu 2026

Mu myaka 29 ishize kuva umwanya w’Umunyamabanga Mukuru ushyizweho mu 1997, OIF yari ishingiye cyane ku biganiro bya dipolomasi no gushaka ubwumvikane hagati y’ibihugu kugira ngo haboneke umuntu umwe uyobora uyu muryango.

Ariko mu mwaka wa 2022, habaye ivugururwa ry’imikorere y’inzego za OIF ryahinduye uburyo bwo gutoranya Umunyamabanga Mukuru.

Ivugururwa ryatumye hashyirwaho uburyo busobanutse bwo kwakira abakandida, bakiyamamaza kandi bagatorwa.

Mu 2026, ku nshuro ya mbere, abakandida bane bahurijwe mu gikorwa cyo kubazwa ibibazo ku mugaragaro imbere y’Abaminisitiri bahagarariye ibihugu bigize umuryango.

Ku wa 30 Kamena 2026, i Paris, habereye icyo gikorwa cy’amateka, cyari gihanganishije abakandida barimo Louise Mushikiwabo wo mu Rwanda, Juliana Amato Lumumba wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Coumba Ba wo muri Mauritania na Dacian Cioloș wo muri Romania

8.. Amatora ateganyijwe ryari, azakorwa ate?

Aya matora azabera mu nama ya 20 ya Francophonie, ikazitabirwa n’Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma muri Cambodge.

Ubu buryo bushya buteganya ko:

1. Abakandida babanza kumvwa no gusobanura imigambi yabo.
2. Abakuru b’ibihugu na za Guverinoma bumvikane ku muntu umwe.
3. Mu gihe ubwumvikane butabonetse, hazakoreshwa itora ry’ibanga kugira ngo abakandida batandukanywe n’amajwi bagize.

Bityo, amatora yo mu 2026 azaba ari ikizamini cya mbere gikomeye cy’ubu buryo bushya bwashyizweho nyuma y’ivugururwa ry’imikorere ya OIF.

Kuva wa 11 Ugushyingo 2026, urubuga rwa OIF rugaragaza ko uyu muryango usigaye ugizwe n’ibihugu na za Guverinoma 90, aho kuba 93 nk’uko byahoze.