Kuva ku munsi ingabo zidasanzwe za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zinjiraga ku ngufu mu rugo rwa Nicolás Maduro i Caracas zikamukuraho ku butegetsi muri Mutarama, Perezida Donald Trump yagiye agaragaza ko kugenzura umutungo wa peteroli wa Venezuela ari imwe mu ntego z’ingenzi z’ubutegetsi bwe.
Icyo gihe Trump yavuze ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zari “kuyobora” Venezuela, ndetse ko yari gucunga ubucuruzi bwapeteroli y’iki gihugu mu gihe kitazwi.
Kuri uyu wa Gatatu, i Caracas hasinyiwe amasezerano akomeye hagati ya Amerika na Venezuela mu bijyanye na Peteroli, bikaba bifatwa nk’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda Trump yari yaratangaje.
Aya masezerano aha sosiyete iyobowe n’abanyamerika uburenganzira bwo gucukura amariba 17 ya peteroli yo muri Venezuela mu gihe cy’imyaka 100.
Iyo mariba akungahaye kuri peteroli ingana na miliyari 65 z’utugunguru tutarayungururwa.
Ibi bingana na kimwe cya gatanu kirenga cy’umutungo wa peteroli Venezuela izwiho kuba ifite kugeza ubu.
Amerika na Venezuela zivuga ko ayo masezerano ari intambwe ikomeye.
Nubwo umubare w’umutungo uri muri aya masezerano utatangajwe, impande zombi zavuze ko ari amasezerano azagirira akamaro ibihugu byombi.
Perezida Donald Trump yayise “amasezerano akomeye ya peteroli kurusha ayandi yose yabayeho ku isi.”
Perezida w’agateganyo wa Venezuela, Delcy Rodríguez, na we yavuze ko aya masezerano ari “amateka”, avuga ko azatuma hashorwa imari ingana na Miliyari $ 100 ndetse Leta ya Venezuela ikazabyungukiramo Miliyari $200 muri rusange.
Ariko hari abavuga ko aya masezerano atari meza kuri Venezuela.
Elliott Abrams, wahoze ari intumwa idasanzwe ya Trump ku bibazo bya Venezuela na Iran, yavuze ko ayo masezerano ari “mabi cyane”.
Ati: “Aya ni amasezerano ateye ubwoba. [Rodríguez] yatanze hafi 20% by’umutungo w’igihugu nta cyo asabye mu isubizwa ryawo.”
Yongeyeho ati: “Ntekereza ko ari ugukurikiza gusa ibyo ari gutegekwa na Washington.”
Uko Amerika izakorana na sosiyete icukura peteroli muri Venezuela
Ku wa Kabiri, Perezidansi ya Amerika yasohoye inyandiko igaragaza bimwe mu by’ingenzi bigize aya masezerano.
Akubiyemo ko Amerika izakorana na sosiyete yigenga ikorera muri Venezuela yitwa North American Blue Energy Partners (Nabep), ikaba ari yo sosiyete ya kabiri nini yigenga icukura peteroli muri Venezuela nyuma ya Chevron.
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje bikubiye mu mikoranire hagati ya Amerika n’ikigo Nabep avuga ko Leta ya Amerika izagira ububasha bwo kwanga cyangwa kwemera ishyirwaho ry’umwe mu bagize inama y’ubuyobozi y’iyo sosiyete.
Nanone, benshi mu bagize inama y’ubuyobozi ya Nabep bagomba kuba ari abaturage ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ese aya masezerano ashobora kugira ingaruka ku biciro bya peteroli?
Mu gihe intambara Amerika ihanganyemo na Iran igikomeje kugira uruhare mu kuzamura ibiciro bya lisansi, kongera umusaruro wa peteroli uva hanze y’Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati bishobora kugira ingaruka ku baguzi.
Umunyamabanga w’Ubutegetsi bw’Imbere muri Amerika, Doug Burgum, yabwiye Fox Business ko aya masezerano ashobora guhindura aho ihuriro rya politiki n’ubukungu by’isoko ry’ingufu ku isi riherereye, rikava ku byo yise “ahantu h’ingenzi kandi hashobora guhagarika urujya n’uruza rwa peteroli mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati” rikongera kwerekeza ku gice cy’Iburengerazuba bw’isi.
Elliott Abrams na we yemera ko hari impamvu yumvikana yatuma Amerika na Venezuela bakorana, cyane cyane mu gihe ibihugu byo mu kigobe cya Perise bifite peteroli bitizeweho umutekano mu buryo busanzwe.
Ariko avuga ko uburyo aya masezerano ateye butangana ku mpande zombi, ku buryo abagereranya n’“ishusho ikabije y’uko ubukoloni bwaba bumeze.”
Trump avuga ko Monroe Doctrine yongeye gushyirwa mu bikorwa
Perezidansi ya Amerika yavuze ko aya masezerano ari uburyo bwo “gusubizaho Monroe Doctrine”, ihame ryatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19 ryashimangiraga uruhare n’ububasha bwa Amerika ku mugabane wa Amerika y’Epfo.
Ubuyobozi bwa Trump busobanura iyi gahunda nk’uburyo bwo “kuvanaho ingufu z’amahanga zishobora guteza ibibazo Amerika, no kwemeza ko ubudahangarwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Amerika mu gice cyayo cy’isi bitazongera gushidikanywaho.
Ariko nubwo ubutegetsi bwa Amerika n’ubwa Venezuela bwombi bushimangira ko aya masezerano azagirira akamaro Abanyamerika n’Abanya-Venezuela, hari impungenge n’ibibazo byinshi bitarasubizwa.
Imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu yo gutangira kubona inyungu irashidikanywaho
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ni igihe aya masezerano azamara kugira ngo atange inyungu.
Trump yavuze ko amasezerano azatangira kubyara inyungu mu myaka ibiri cyangwa itatu.
Abahanga mu bijyanye n’ingufu bo bavuga ko ibyo bidashoboka mu buryo bworoshye, bitewe n’uko urwego rwa peteroli muri Venezuela rumeze nabi.
Bavuga ko bishobora gufata imyaka icumi kugira ngo umusaruro wongere uzamuke ku buryo bugaragara.
Luis Pacheco wo muri Baker Institute yo muri Rice University i Houston, yabwiye BBC Mundo ko Venezuela ikeneye gushora hafi miliyari $100 mu gihe cy’imyaka umunani kugira ngo isubire ku rwego rw’umusaruro wa peteroli yari ifite mu myaka 30 ishize.
Pacheco yagize ati: “Ni ngombwa kumenya abazacunga ayo mafaranga n’impamvu azakoreshwa.”
Yibajije kandi niba amafaranga azongera gucungwa n’abantu bamwe mu bahoze bayobora umutungo wa peteroli wa Venezuela, avuga ko abo bantu “banyereje cyangwa bapfushije ubusa” inyungu zikomeye igihugu cyigeze kubona mu gihe cy’izamuka rikomeye ry’ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Abatavuga rumwe na Leta ya Venezuela batinya ko Rodríguez arushaho kwegera Trump
Abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Venezuela bafite impungenge ko aya masezerano azatuma umubano wa Perezida Trump na Delcy Rodríguez urushaho gukomera.
Abatavuga rumwe na Leta bamushinja kuba akomeje kuyobora ubutegetsi bumwe n’ubwa Nicolás Maduro.
Ibi bibatera umujinya kuko ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwigeze kuvuga ko ubutegetsi bwa Maduro ari nk’agatsiko k’abacuruza ibiyobyabwenge karangwa na ruswa, ndetse Amerika igashyira Venezuela mu kato kandi ikohereza ubwato bwinshi bwa gisirikare hafi y’inkombe zayo.
Ariko ubu Washington yahinduye umurongo mu buryo bwihuse, itangira gukorana na Rodríguez wahoze ari Visi Perezida wa Maduro.
Ibyo byarakaje cyane abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi.
María Corina Machado, wahawe igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel kandi akaba ashaka kuba Perezida wa Venezuela, azirinda kunenga Trump ku mugaragaro, kuko akeneye ubufasha bwe niba ashaka kugera ku butegetsi.
Ariko abandi batavuga rumwe na Leta bo bamaze kuvuga ku mugaragaro ibyo batekereza.
Umuhanga mu bukungu wo muri Venezuela, Ricardo Hausmann, yanditse ku mbuga nkoranyambaga abwira Umunyamabanga wa Leta wa Amerika, Marco Rubio, ati: “Wahisemo gukoresha ububasha bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika utagamije kubohora Abanya-Venezuela, ahubwo uhitamo kwifatanya n’ababatoteza.”
Yakomeje avuga ko Amerika yahisemo gufatira umutungo no gushyira mu bikorwa amasezerano avuga ko anyuranyije n’Itegeko Nshinga, ikorana na Leta avuga ko itemewe kandi ikandamiza abaturage, aho gukoresha ubuyobozi bwa Amerika mu gusubiza Venezuela ku murongo w’Itegeko Nshinga na Demukarasi.
Kuba nta matora ateganyijwe na byo biteye impungenge
Ikindi kibazo abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bagaragaza ni uko nta matora ya vuba ateganyijwe muri Venezuela, ndetse nta gahunda isobanutse yo kuyategura iragaragara.
Kuri bo, ibi bisa n’ubuhemu ku byo bari biteze kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ariko no ku rundi ruhande rwa politiki, hari Abanya-Venezuela batishimiye aya masezerano.
Nubwo ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, PSUV, ryashyigikiye Rodríguez ku bijyanye n’amasezerano na Amerika, bamwe mu Basosiyalisiti bo muri Venezuela babona ko ari ugutsindwa no kwemera ibyo Amerika ishaka.
Nyuma y’imyaka hafi 30 barwanya uruhare rwa Washington muri aka karere, ubu bumva ko Rodríguez yahaye umwanzi wa kera umutungo igihugu cya Venezuela gifata nk’uw’agaciro kurusha indi.
Rafael Ramírez, wahoze ayobora ikigo cya Leta gishinzwe peteroli, PDVSA, ndetse akaba yarabaye Minisitiri wa Peteroli ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Hugo Chávez, yavuze ko aya masezerano “aha Amerika peteroli kandi agakingurira umuryango ubukoloni bushya bw’Abanyamerika.”
Chávez yari yararahiriye kutazongera gutanga peteroli ku banyamahanga
Mu ntangiriro za 2008, Perezida Hugo Chávez yigeze gutambutsa kuri televiziyo gahunda ye ya buri cyumweru, Aló Presidente, ayitangirira ku masoko ya peteroli yari asanzwe acungwa na ExxonMobil mu gice cya Orinoco River Belt.
Chávez yari amaze kwambura ExxonMobil imwe mu mitungo yayo muri ako karere, kandi yari afite imyifatire ikomeye yo kurwanya ibigo by’amahanga.
Icyo gihe yagize ati: “Dufite ubuyobozi mu biganza byacu kandi ntituzigera tuburekura ukundi.”
Yavugaga ku mutungo wa peteroli wari usigaye mu maboko ya sosiyete ya Leta, anenga cyane ubutegetsi bwari bwarabanje gukorana na hafi n a Washington, avuga ko bwari bwarahinduye Venezuela “igihugu cy’Abanyamerika.”
Chávez icyo gihe yavugaga ko byari “ubujura ku gihugu” ariko Impinduramatwara ya Bolivarian yabuhagaritse,” ibyo bikavugwa mu gihe abakozi ba PDVSA bamwakiraga amashyi.
Ariko ubu, umwe mu bakurikije umurage we wa politiki — akaba yarasimbuye uwari warasimbuye Chávez — ni we wasinye aya masezerano atagaragaza amakuru yose ku buryo bworoshye hagati ya Venezuela na Washington, ndetse akayita intsinzi kuri Venezuela.
Perezida Donald Trump na Perezida w’agateganyo wa Venezuela, Delcy Rodríguez, bakomeje kugaragaza aya masezerano nk’intambwe ikomeye kandi ku bihugu byombi.
