Inteko ishinga amategeko, Umutwe w’Abadepite, yatoye ku bwisanzure buhagije umushinga w’itegeko uvuguruye ugena imikorere mishya ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda.
Uyu mushinga niwemezwa burundu na Perezida wa Repubulika, ugasohoka mu igazeti ya Leta ari itegeko, icyo gihe rizaha iyi Banki uburenganzira bwo gufata ibyemezo bimwe na bimwe birebana n’uko abakozi bayo bashyirwa mu mirimo n’uko birukanwa.
Abariteguye bavuga ko rigamije kurushaho kunoza imikorere n’imiyoborere ya BNR.
Bimwe mu byo iri tegeko riteganya harimo guha BNR ubwisanzure mu micungire y’abakozi, imari n’inzego zayo, gushimangira imikorere inyuze mu mucyo no kubazwa inshingano; guhuza amategeko n’amabwiriza ya BNR n’amahame mpuzamahanga n’imiyoborere igezweho ya za banki nkuru zo hirya no hino ku isi.
Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) ifite inshingano nyinshi zigamije gutuma ubukungu n’urwego rw’imari bikora neza.
Muri rusange, izi ni zimwe mu nshingano zayo z’ingenzi zishingiye ku itegeko riyishyiraho ni izi:
1.Kugena no gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga kugira ngo ibiciro ku isoko bikomeze kuba bihamye no kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda.
2.Gusohora no gucunga ifaranga ry’u Rwanda, harimo inoti n’ibiceri, no gukurikirana ko amafaranga akoreshwa mu gihugu ahagije kandi afite ubuziranenge.
3.Kugenzura ibigo by’imari birimo amabanki, ibigo by’ubwishingizi, ibigo by’imari iciriritse n’ibindi, kugira ngo bikore mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwubahiriza amategeko.
4.Kubungabunga ituze ry’urwego rw’imari, ikamenya hakiri kare ibibazo bishobora guhungabanya urwego rw’imari no gufata ingamba zo kubikumira.
5.Kubika no gucunga umutungo w’igihugu w’amadevize (foreign exchange reserves), ufasha igihugu kubasha kwishyura ibyo gitumiza mu mahanga no kurinda agaciro k’ifaranga.
6.Gukorera Guverinoma nka banki yayo, harimo kwakira no kwishyura amafaranga yayo no kuyigira inama ku bibazo by’ubukungu n’imari.
7.Guteza imbere uburyo bwo kwishyurana, ikagenzura kandi igateza imbere sisitemu zifasha ihererekanya ry’amafaranga mu buryo bwihuse kandi bwizewe.
8.Gukusanya no gutangaza imibare y’ubukungu n’imari, ifasha Guverinoma, abashoramari n’abashakashatsi gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru yizewe.
Amateka ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) agaragaza ko iby’ayo byatangiye nyuma gato y’ubwigenge bw’u Rwanda.
Mbere yabwo, u Rwanda rwakoreshaga amafaranga yagenzurwaga n’amabanki yakoraga mu gihe cy’ubukoloni, harimo Banque du Congo Belge nyuma haza iyitwaga Banque Centrale du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi.
Mu mwaka wa 1960 hashinzwe Banque d’Émission du Rwanda et du Burundi (BERB), yari ishinzwe gucunga ifaranga ry’u Rwanda n’iry’u Burundi mu gihe ibyo bihugu byari biri mu nzira yo kubona ubwigenge.
Mu 1964, nyuma y’uko u Rwanda n’u Burundi bibaye ibihugu byigenga, BERB yarasheshwe, hashyirwaho Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) n’iy’u Burundi, zitandukanye.
Icyo gihe ni bwo BNR yatangiye gukora nka banki nkuru y’igihugu.
Byumvikane ko BNR yatangiye gukora mu mwaka wa 1964, ikaba imaze imyaka 62.
Mu mwaka wa 2019, BNR yahinduye uburyo ikoresha mu gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ifaranga, iva ku kugenzura ingano y’amafaranga ari mu bukungu ijya ku buryo bushingiye ku nyungu fatizo (interest-rate based monetary policy), hagamijwe kurushaho kugenzura izamuka ry’ibiciro no guteza imbere ubukungu.
Mu myaka yashize, BNR yayobowe n’abayobozi batandukanye, barimo Jean Bérchmans Birara, François Kanimba, Claver Gatete, John Rwangombwa, naho kuva mu 2025 iyobowe na Soraya Munyana Hakuziyaremye, akaba ari nawe mugore wa mbere uyiyobora mu mateka y’u Rwanda.
