Imwe muri Banki zikomeye zo muri Kenya no mu Karere k’Ibiyaga bigari by’Afurika yitwa Kenya Commercial Bank muri iki gihe yaguze imigabane hafi ya yose ya Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda. Icyakora hari bamwe mu banyamigabane yayo bavuga ko igiye kugurwa kandi hari imigabane bashyizemo ariko batazi irengero ryayo.
Bamwe muri abo baturage baraye babwiye RBA ko bashyize imigabane muri Banki y’abaturage y’u Rwanda kubera ko yari banki yaberekaga ko ari iy’abaturage, ibegereye, uwashaka kubitsa cyangwa kubikuza yabikora bitamugoye kandi adahenzwe.
Barimo umwe wo mu Karere ka Gasabo mu Murenge wa Ndera wavuze ko yatangiye kuba umunyamigabane w’iriya Banki guhera mu mwaka wa 2000.
Avuga ko icyo gihe yakoreshaga iriya banki nk’undi muturage wese w’umuhinzi cyangwa umworozi wifuza kubitsa kugira ngo yizigamire iminsi iri imbere.
Uyu mugabo witwa Munyankindi avuga ko nyuma yaje gutungurwa no kumva ko iriya banki yakoranye nayo igihe kirekire itakiri Banki y’abaturage ahubwo ya Banki y’ubucuruzi.
Icyakurikiyeho ni uko yumvise bavuga ko abagiyemo kera bagomba kuza bakabarirwa imigabane yabo .
Ati: “ Nagiye aho iri barabara barambwira bati tuzayabahereza ariko ntayo twigeze tubona. Imigabane ntayo baduhaye, icyifuzo ni uko badusuziza imigabane niba barayigurishije n’inyungu bakazidusubiza.”
Undi muturage nawe w’i Gatsibo nawe avuga ko nta mugabane we yigeze abona.
Ati: “ Ntacyo nigeze mbona kijyanye n’imigabane.Nabariza he? Najya kuri banki yahindutse se, nabariza he? mbonye uburyo n’aho kubariza kuko ayo mafaranga yaracurujwe yarungutse.”
Abadepite nabo bazi icyo kibazo…
Inteko ishinga amategeko Umutwe w’Abadepite nayo izi iki kibazo.
Depite Mukayijore Suzzane yagaragaje ko abaturage bari mu gihirahiro.
Depite Mukayijore ati “Banki z’abaturage zivuka mu 1975 zavutse zifite status za Koperative, aho rero nkibaza nyuma byaje kuva kuba Koperative biba Banki y’ubucuruzi gute?, biva kuri Banki y’ubucuruzi barayigurisha. Abo bose bagenda bagura imigabane y’abanyamuryango ba Banki y’abaturage, nyamara uyu munsi wa none abaturage ntibazi aho imigabane yabo iri bari mu gihirahiro, nkavuga ngo Minisitiri w’Imari yakagombye kuza gusobanurira Inteko ku mikorere ya Banki y’abaturage kugira ngo abaturage bave mu gihirahiro kuko hirya no hino baribaza ahantu imigabane yabo iri.”
Umuyobozi w’Inama y’ubutegetsi muri BPR Rubagumya George avuga ko mu myaka itatu, ine, itanu…, ishize iriya Banki yaranzwemo ibibazo bitandukanye.
Ibyo bibazo ngo byatumye bamwe mu banyamuryango bayo basa n’abayitakariza icyizere kubera impungenge ziri hindagurika rya hato na hato.
Nawe yemera ko abanyamuryango bashyize imigabane muri iriya Banki nta nyungu bigeze babona.
Ati: “Abanyamigabane ni bo bubatse iyi Banki, ariko kubera ibintu twaciyemo n’ako kavuyo kabaye, iyo ushyize amafaranga mu kibina cyangwa mu bucuruzi icyo uvanamo ni inyungu, icya kabiri imigabane yawe ikazamura agaciro, ntibazi niba imigabane yabo yarazamuye agaciro muri macye nta nyungu bigeze babona.”
Avuga ko icyo Banki avugira igiye gukora ari ugushakira abanyamigabane ibyangombwa byayo.
Rubagumya avuga ko biriya byangombwa bizafasha umunyamuryango kubona aho ahera avuga ko ari umunyamigane kandi akerekana iyo migabane iyo ari yo yba ayishaka akayihabwa.
Yagize ati: “Uje rero ukavuga uti mumpe imigabane yanjye ndashaka kuva muri iyi Banki kuko turashaka ibintu bibiri byakorwa. Icya mbere ni ba banyamigane basigaye inyuma turabasaba ngo babe bagura iyi migabane kugira ngo uruhare rw’Abanyarwanda muri iyi banki rutajya hasi. Ariko ushaka gusohoka akava muri iyi Banki amafaranga KCB yayashyize ku ruhande, turashaka kugira ngo tubamenye, tubagenzure tuti uyu ni we munyamigabane ikindi navuga ni uko agaciro k’igishoro cyabo karabazwe turi tayari kuba twayabaha.”
Ikindi ni uko abaturage bahoze bakorana na Banki y’abaturage basabwa kugana amashami yayo kugira ngo bagaragaze icyo bifuza, niba ari ukuyigumamo cyangwa niba ari uguhabwa imigabane yabo bakagenda.
Urugendo rwatumye Banki y’abaturage (BPR Plc) iba iya KCB Group…
Muri Nyakanga, 2021 ubwanditsi bwa Taarifa bwasohoye inkuru ivuga uko byagenze BPR Plc ikisanga mu maboko ya KCB Group.
Mbere gato y’iyo nkuru Atlas Mara Ltd yari iherutse gutangaza ko yabonye uburenganzira bwa Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda bwo kugurisha na KCB Group ishoramari ifite muri Banque Populaire du Rwanda Plc. (BPR), mu rugendo rwo kuva mu bucuruzi bwa Banki muri aka Karere.
Gahunda yari iy’ uko iriya Banki yo muri Kenya izagura BPR 100%, ihereye ku migabane 62.06% Atlas Mara yari isanganywe.
BPR yatangiriye ku musozi wa Nkamba mu Karere ka Kayonza mu 1975, itangizwa n’abaturage bashakaga serivisi zo kwizigama no kugurizanya.
Mu 1986 amashami yayo yihurije mu mutaka umwe nka akora ‘Union des Banques Populaires du Rwanda (UBPR), bigze mu mwaka wa 2008 iba Banki y’ubucuruzi.
Mu 2013 nibwo abanyemari Bob Diamond wahoze ayobora Banki ya Barclays washinze Atlas Merchant Capital LLC na Ashish Thakkar nyiri Mara Group Holdings Limited, bihuje bashinga Atlas Mara Limited, iba Ikigo kiri ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rya London mu Bwongereza.
Ntabwo urugendo rwaboroheye
Atlas Mara yashinzwe intego ari ukubaka ikigo cya mbere muri Afurika yo Munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara muri serivisi z’imari.
Mu Ukuboza 2013 cyashyizwe ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane, icyo gihe gikusanya miliyoni $325 ni ukuvuga miliyari 325 Frw.
Cyatangiye kigura amabanki atandukanye arimo igice cya BRD cyakoraga ubucuruzi cyahujwe na BPR, hongerwaho Union Bank of Nigeria n’imigabane muri ABC Holdings Limited ifite amabanki mu bihugu binyuranye.
Umwaka wa 2014 warangiye Atlas Mara imaze gushora amafaranga mu mabanki yo muri Botswana, Mozambique, Nigeria, u Rwanda, Tanzania, Zambia na Zimbabwe.
Inyungu Diamond nk’umuntu wari umenyereye iby’amabanki yatekerezaga muri Afurika nk’igice gifite abantu benshi bataragerwaho na serivisi z’imari, si zo yabonye.
Byageze aho nko mu Ukwakira 2020 umugabane muri kiriya kigo wagurwaga $0.30, bihwanye n’imanuka rya 97% ugereranyije n’igihe cyashyirwaga bwa mbere ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane rya London mu Ukuboza 2013, kuko icyo gihe waguraga $9.83.
Guhindura umuvuno…
Ubuyobozi bwasanze ari ngombwa guhindura umuvuno, ziriya banki zikagurishwa.
Access Bank Plc yo muri Nigeria iheruka(ni mu mwaka wa 2021) kugura 78.15% Atlas Mara yari ifite muri BancABC Botswana, igura na BancABC Mozambique.
Ku rundi ruhande, mu mwaka wa 2021 nk’uko twabyanditse haruguru, ikigo cy’amabanki cya Kenya( KCB Group) cyari cyatangiye urugendo rwo kugura imigabane yo muri BPR Plc. no muri BancABC Tanzania.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Atlas Mara, Michael Wilkerson, yigeze kuvuga ko bahisemo gusesengura ubucuruzi bwabo, bakagabanya ibikorwa ahantu bigaragara ko hatari inyungu ifatika mu gihe cya vuba.
Inyungu yo mu Rwanda ntiyari ihagije
Ubwo Atlas Mara yaguraga BPR byateganywaga ko izashoramo nibura miliyari 15 Frw, k’uburyo yagombaga kurushaho kuba Banki ikomeye ku isoko ry’u Rwanda.
Icyakora iyi Banki yatangiranye ibibazo by’abaturage bavugaga ko bayiguzemo imigabane cyera, nyamara ngo ntacyo ijya ibamenyesha ku migabane yabo, ngo wenda ibahe inyungu ku mwaka nk’umusaruro w’ishoramari bakoze.
Mu mwaka ushize umuyobozi mukuru wa BPR Plc., Maurice Toroitich, yavuze ko itari ihagaze neza guhera mu 2012, bigatuma itagira imari ishingiro ijyanye n’isoko.
Yagize ati: “Gutanga inyungu ku migabane uyu munsi byaba ari ukongerera ubukana ikibazo kuri Banki ikeneye gukomeza kubaho. Twizera ko mu myaka ibiri, itatu, Banki izaba ihagaze neza aho yifuza kuba iri.”
Igihombo cy’iyi Banki ariko nticyahwemye gukomeza kuzamuka!
Urugero ni uko nko mu mwaka wa 2014, yungutse miliyoni 908,800 Frw nyuma yo guhomba 5,582,622 Frw mu myaka ibiri yabanje, ibintu Toroitich yavuze ko bitatuma Banki ishobora guha inyungu abanyamigabane, ahubwo ko amafaranga ibonye ayifasha mu kuzamura imari shingiro.
Uko imyaka yahitaga ariko inyungu yagiye izamuka kuko mu mwaka ushize(2021) n’ubwo utari woroshye kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, nyuma yo kwishyura imisoro BPR Plc. yungutse miliyari 3.8 Frw.
Zagabanyutseho 7.3% ugereranyije na miliyari 4.1 Frw zabonetse mu 2019.
Kugurana imigabane na Equity Group byarapfubye…
Mu kugurisha imigabane ya BPR, muri Mata 2019 byatangajwe ko Atlas Mara yemeranyije na Equity Group Holdings Plc. mu buryo bw’ibanze ko izahabwa ya migabane 62% na 100% mu zindi Banki zo muri Tanzania na Mozambique.
Byagombaga gutangwa nk’ingurane y’imigabane miliyoni 252 muri Equity Group Holdings Plc., ihwanye na 6.27% by’icyo kigo cyo muri Kenya.
Ni igurana ryabarirwaga agaciro ka miliyoni $106.
Amasezerano y’ibanze yarinze ata agaciro nta cyemezo cya nyuma gifashwe, ibiganiro bihagarikwa burundu kubera ingaruka COVID-19 yagize ku bikorwa bya Equity Group n’amakenga yo guteganyiriza ibihe biri imbere.
KCB Group yo muri Kenya yaje mu yindi sura
Ikindi kigo cyo muri Kenya, KCB Group, cyahise cyinjira muri gahunda yo kugura BPR Plc., cyo kiza gishaka noneho kugura imigabane mu mafaranga.
Ku wa 13 Gicurasi 2021 Umuyobozi w’Inama y’ubutegetsi ya KCB Group, Andrew W. Kairu, yemenyesheje abanyamigabane ko urugendo barugeze kure.
KCB yaje ifite umugambi ukomeye wo kugura Banki yose 100%.
Nyuma y’uko ku wa 25 Ugushyingo 2020 hemeranyijwe igurwa ry’imigabane 62.06% ya Atlas Mara, ku wa 26 Gashyantare 2021 yumvikanye na Arise B.V. ku igurwa ry’imigabane 14.61% yari ifite muri BPR.
Bidatinze KCP Group yanditse isaba kugura imigabane 23.3% iri mu maboko y’abanyamigabane bato.
Ugendeye ku mutungo mbumbe w’iriya Banki muri Kamena 2020, kugira ngo KCB yegukane imigabane ya Atlas Mara na Arise B.V. igomba kwishyura $37, 978,757.09.
Kugira ngo KCB yegukane BPR Plc. 100% izishyura nibura $49, 535,355.53, ugendeye ku gaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ko muri Gashyantare 2021 ubwo idolari ryavunjaga 989.0450 Frw.
Igiciro cya nyuma ariko cyagombaga kwemezwa na KCB na Atlas Mara hashingiwe ku mutungo mbumbe wa BPR uzaba ubarwa mu kwezi kubanziriza ukuzasozwamo ririya hererekanya.
Ibyo byose ni nabyo bizagenderwaho mu kubara ikiguzi cy’abanyamigabane bato muri BPR.
Ubu bucuruzi busobanuye iki ku isoko ry’imari?
BPR niyo Banki ifite amashami menshi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ni amashami 137, abacuruza serivisi zayo 350 n’ibyuma 51 bitanga amafaranga bizwi nka ATM.
Mu mwaka wa 2021 umusesenguzi mu by’ubukungu Teddy Kaberuka yabwiye TAARIFA ko mu bibazo BPR yagize kuva mu myaka yashize harimo guhanganira isoko na za SACCO zaje zifite serivizi zihuye n’abaturage b’amikoro make, zibasanze mu mirenge yose y’igihugu.
Mbere abaturage mu bice byinshi by’u Rwwanda Banki yari hafi yabo yari BPR, nk’uko yari Banki y’abaturage nyine.
Ibyo bikajyana n’uko izindi Banki zagendaga zegera abaturage.
Kaberuka yari yaratanze umuburo ko n’ubwo muri ibi bihe ubukungu butifashe neza kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, nikirangira hazaba hakenewe amafaranga menshi n’ibigo bifite imari shingiro ifatika, bizatanga amafaranga abantu bagasubukura ibikorwa byahungabanye.
Yabwiye ubwanditsi bwa Taarifa ati: “ KCB ni imwe muri Banki zikomeye mu karere, nibaza ko izayongerera izindi mbaraga haba mu ikoranabuhanga, imicungire y’amabanki, Banki zo muri Afurika yi Burasirazuba zimaze gutera imbere muri serivisi ziha abakiliya, ugasanga ni Banki iva mu biro igasanga abaturage, ku buryo kugezwaho serivisi z’imari biziyongera.”
Yavuze ko nk’ikigo gishya kigomba kuzatekereza uko cyahangana ku isoko ry’u Rwanda ririho na Banki zimaze gushinga imizi, k’uburyo gishobora no kuzamura imari shingiro cyakoreshaga.
KBC ivuga ko kwinjira ku isoko ry’u Rwanda bizatuma iba Banki ya kabiri ikomeye mu Rwanda, izaba yihariye 15% by’isoko ry’imari.
Ni isoko ry’imari riyobowe na Banki ya Kigali yari ifite 34.8% by’isoko ryose ry’imari mu Rwanda kugeza muri Werurwe 2021.
Mu gihe KCB iri mu rugendo rwo kugura BPR, inategereje uburenganzira bwa Banki Nkuru ya Tanzania bwo kugura BancABC 100%, izatangwaho nibura $7,098,828.33 hagendewe ku mutungo mbumbe wayo nk’uko wabarwaga muri Kamena 2020.
Ngurwo urugendo rw’ibibazo mu rwego rw’imari byatumye Banki y’Abaturage y’u Rwanda ihombeje abayizeye bakayishyiramo imigabane, none ikaba yarabaye iy’abanya Kenya..
