Ubushakashatsi bwakurikiranye abantu ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bwerekanye ko kugira ubuzima bwiza, ugakora siporo, ukarya neza kandi ukaruhuka bigabanya ibyago byo ‘gupfa imburagihe’ no kurwara indwara z’umwijima cyane cyane mu banywi b’inzoga.
Mu myaka myinshi ishize, abantu benshi bemeraga ko kunywa ikirahuri cya divayi itukura buri joro bishobora kurinda umutima kurwara.
Ubu ariko, World Health Organization n’Ibiro bya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika (U.S. Surgeon General) byiga ku ndwara z’umutima no kuwubaga bemeza ko burya nta kigero gito cy’inzoga kitagira ingaruka ku buzima.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, inzoga ziracyafite umwanya munini mu buryo abantu bishimiramo, basabana cyangwa baruhuka.
Abenshi baracyumva ko kunywa rimwe na rimwe bifite agaciro, nubwo hari ingaruka zigaragazwa n’abahanga.
Prof. Javaid Nauman, wigisha mu Ishuri ry’Ubuzima Rusange rya United Arab Emirates University, avuga ko amabwiriza mashya avuga ko kwirinda inzoga 100% ari byo byiza kurusha ibindi.
Ariko kandi yemera ko mu buzima busanzwe bw’abantu, bigoye ko bose bazireka burundu.
Ibi byatumye abashakashatsi bibaza niba siporo ishobora kugabanya zimwe mu ngaruka z’igihe kirekire ziterwa n’inzoga, baza kubona iimenyetso bishya byerekana ko bishoboka ku rugero runaka—ariko ngo siporo ntihanagura burundu ingaruka z’inzoga.
Ubushakashatsi bwerekana iki?
Ubushakashatsi bugari bwakurikiranye abantu igihe kirekire bwerekana isano iri hagati y’ imbaraga z’umubiri n’inzoga mu kurinda umunywi ingaruka zikomeye aterwa no kuzigotomera.
Ubwo mu mwaka wa 2025 bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru Sports Medicine bwakurikiranye abantu barenga 24,000 mu gihe cy’imyaka 16. Abibwitabiriye bashyizwe mu byiciro bibiri: abafite ubuzima bwiza (fit) n’abatabufite (unfit), hashingiwe ku myaka, imyitozo bakora, umuvuduko w’umutima, n’umuzenguruko w’inda mu kiziba cyayo aho Abanyarwanda bita kuri ‘nyakubahwa’
Abashakashatsi basanze abantu bongereye kunywa inzoga kandi bagakomeza kuba mu cyiciro cyo hasi cyane mu bakora imyitozo ngororamubiri( ku ijanisha rya 20%) bafite ibyago byo kuzira indwara zifata umutima, umwijima cyangwa impyiko byiyongereyeho 44% ugereranyije n’abakomeje gukora imyotozo.
Ku bantu bagumye bafite impagarike imeze neza( fitness), kunywa inzoga ntibyongereye cyane ibyago byo gupfa.
Ndetse n’abanywaga inzoga ariko bagakora siporo mu buryo buhoraho, bakomeje kugura amahirwe yo kuramba kurusha abatanywa ariko ntibanakore na siporo cyangwa abanywa bakongeraho no kudakora siporo.
Dr. Timothy Naimi, umushakashatsi ku bijyanye n’inzoga muri University of Victoria, yavuze ko gukora imyitozo ari ingenzi ku munywi harebwe urugero urwo ari rwo rwose umuntu anywamo.
Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2017 bwasohowe mu kinyamakuru British Journal of Sports Medicine bwerekanye ko gukora siporo nibura iminota 150 mu cyumweru (iri ku kigero giciriritse) cyangwa iminota 75 (ikomeye) bigabanya isano iri hagati yo kunywa inzoga n’ingaruka zo gupfa.
Ku bijyanye n’umwijima, ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara muwa 2026 mu kinyamakuru cyandika ku buzima n’uburwayi by’umwijima Journal of Hepatology bwerekanye ko abantu bakora siporo buri cyumweru bafite ibyago bike byo gupfa bazize indwara z’umwijima.
Ndetse n’abanywa inzoga nyinshi cyangwa banywa cyane mu gihe gito nabo iyo bakoze siporo buri cyumweru bibagirira akamaro.
Ibyiza byabyo byagaragaye cyane ku bagore kurusha abagabo.
Ariko, nk’uko Nauman abivuga, nta bushakashatsi na bumwe bwerekana ko siporo ikuraho burundu ingaruka zose z’inzoga.
Akaga kanini kari ku bantu bamaze igihe kirekire cyane banywa inzoga kuko niyo bakora imyitozo ku rugero runini bitaburizamo burundu ingaruka zo kuba baranyoye bene ako kageni.
Kuki siporo ari ingenzi cyane?
Prof. Peter Kokkinos wo muri Rutgers University avuga ko siporo igabanya ibyago bya diyabete, umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso, indwara z’impyiko, indwara ya Alzheimer iboneka cyane mu bakuze ikabatera kwibagirwa bikabije, kanseri zitandukanye n’izindi ndwara zikomeye.
Impamvu ni uko siporo ituma umubiri ugira ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ibibazo binyuze mu kuzamura ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri w’iyikora.
Iyo imikaya iri gukora cyane, n’izindi ngingo zose zirakurikirana zigakorana mu rwego rwo gufasha imikaya kubona ingufu zo gukomeza gukoresha.
Iyo umuntu adakora siporo, umutima, imikaya n’izindi nzego z’umubiri we bicika intege.
Urugero, imiyoboro y’amaraso bita imijyana (arteries) iraguka iyo umuntu akora siporo, ibi bikagirira akamaro umubiri w’umunywi kuko inzoga ubusanzwe zizibya imitsi bitewe n’isukari izibamo n’ibinure bigendana nayo.
Imitsi yagutse yihanganira izo nzitizi, bikagabanya ibyago byo kugira indwara y’umutima cyangwa guturika kw’imitsi cyane cyane iyo mu bwonko (stroke).
Ku bijyanye n’umwijima, Dr. Elliott Tapper wo muri University of Michigan Health avuga ko inzoga zituma umwijima ubika ibinure bigatuma ubyimba.
Kubyimba kwawo ni byo mu Kinyarwanda bita ‘urushwima’.
Ariko imyitozo irimo no guterura ibiremereye ituma umubiri ukoresha neza umusemburo bita insuline kandi igafasha kugabanya ibinure mu mwijima. Ndetse n’abantu batagabanije ibiro bashobora kugira umwijima umeze neza nyuma yo gutangira siporo.
Hari n’icyizere ko siporo ishobora kugabanya kunywa inzoga ubwabyo, kuko ituma umuntu amererwa neza mu mutwe, akagabanya umunaniro n’agahinda, ndetse akagira ubuzima bushya muri rusange.
Hari ibigikorwaho ubushakashatsi…
Nubwo ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bishishikaje, hari ibyuho wabisangamo.
Urugero, ubushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 2025 ntibwapimye ibyo kugira impagarike nziza(fitness)binyuze mu gukoresha abantu iyo myitozo ahubwo bwashingiye ku bisubizo batanze ubwo bababazwaga.
Hari kandi n’ubwo gupima uko umuntu agaragara inyuma biterwa n’uko asanzwe yimereye, kuko hari abanywa ariko ukabona batadandabirana mu gihe hari nusogongera kakaba karabaye.
Abahanga bavuga ko bigoye gutandukanya neza inyungu zituruka kuri siporo n’izituruka ku kuba umuntu muri rusange asanzwe yifitiye ubuzima bwiza wenda akomora ku bisekuru bye.
Hari n’impamvu z’ubukungu n’imibereho zibigiramo uruhare: abantu bafite amikoro make, batashoboye kwiga, badafata indyo yuzuye kandi ihagije bakunda kuzahazwa n’inzoga nubwo zaba nke.
Bityo, kuba umuntu akora siporo bishobora no kuba ikimenyetso cy’uko afite uburyo n’ubushobozi bwo kwita ku buzima bwe.
Hari ikindi abajora ubushakashatsi banenze mu gukusanya amakuru ku banywi kuko habayeho kuvanga abanywa cyane n’abanywa ‘bitewe n’igihari’ bityo bakavuga ko ibyavuye muri ubwo bushakashatsi hari abo bitakwitirirwa muri rusange kandi ibyabo bidakomeye kuri urwo rwego.
Mu bushakashatsi bwo mu mwaka wa 2025, abanywa inzoga inshuro 10 mu cyumweru mu bagabo n’abanywa inshuro eshanu mu bagore bashyizwe mu cyiciro kimwe—bivuze ko unywa 11 yashyizwe hamwe n’unywa 30.
Ibi byatuma hari ukemanga ukuri gusesuye k’ubushakashatsi bukozwe muri ubwo buryo.
Ibyiza bya siporo bishobora kutagera ku bantu bafite ikibazo gikomeye cy’ubusinzi cyangwa banywa inzoga nyinshi mu gihe gito.
Ku ndwara z’umwijima, siporo yonyine ntihagije. Iyo indwara igeze kure, kugabanya inzoga ni ingenzi mbere yo gutegereza inyungu zaturuka kuri siporo.
Icyemezo cyiza ku banywi b’inzoga ni ukuzireka burundu.
Nk’uko Tapper abivuga, nubwo inzoga zishobora guteza indwara nyinshi, guhagarika kunywa bishobora gutuma ubuzima bwawe buhinduka mu buryo bwiza.
Umwijima wangiritse ushobora kongera gukira gusa bisaba kwanzura kuzireka burundu kandi ugakora uko ushoboye ukarya neza, ukanywa amazi ahagije, ukaruhuka, ugakora na siporo.
