Perezida wa Nigeria Muhammadu Buhari na mugenzi we Tchad Idriss Deby Itno baraye bumvikanye ko bagiye guhuza imbaraga ikiyaga cya Tchad kikongera kubona amazi kuko kuba cyarumagaye, byateye abantu miliyoni 30 amapfa n’inzara.
Guhera muri 1963 kugeza ubu iki kiyaga cyatakaje hafi 95% by’amazi yacyo.
Mbere y’uko tumenya uko ibihugu byombi biteganya gusubiza amazi muri kiriya kiyaga, reka twibukiranye amateka yacyo:
Giherereye he? Cyaje gushiramo amazi gute?
Ikiyaga cya Tchad kicyuzuye amazi cyari mu biyaga binini by’Afurika. Cyari ku rwego rumwe na Victoria, Kivu na Tanganyika, wenda tubirebeye mu bugari.
Giherereye mu gace ka Sahel muri Africa yo Hagati ishyira u Burengerazuba.
Bamwe bakitaga Mega Tchad.
Giherereye mu Majyaruguru ya Tchad ku mupaka na Nigeria.
Imigezi mito yakigaburiraga irimo uwitwa Chari na Lagone, ikaba yaratangaga 90% by’amazi yose yacyo.
Iby’iki kiyaga bijya gucika byarangiye urufunzo rukinjiramo rutangira kugabanya umwuka ibinyabuzima bwakibagamo byakeneraga ndetse n’abarobyi bagenda bagabanuka.
Ibi byatsi ndetse na bumwe mu bitaka bwari bugize ibirwa bito(small islands) byari muri kiriya kiyaga, byaje gutuma icyari ikiyaga kimwe gicikamo ibiyaga bibiri, haba icyo mu Majyaruguru n’icyo mu Majyepfo.
Ibi byago ubanza ari nabyo byageze ku kiyaga cyo mu Rwanda kitwa Cyohoha.
Ibyago by’iki kiyaga ni uko gifite ubujyakuzimu buto( metero zitarenze 10) bityo kwibasirwa n’ibyondo cyangwa ibindi bimera bikaba byaroroshye.
Agace gihererereyemo kabamo ubushyuhe bwinshi ku mwaka bityo bigatuma amazi yacyo acucumuka akigira mu kirere(evaporation).
Iki kiyaga gifite agaciro mu mateka ya Tchad kuko ari naho kiriya gihugu cyakuye ririya zina.
Abize amateka bavuga ko aho kiriya kiyaga cyasigaye kera hahoze inyanja yabaye muri kariya gace kera cyane ubwo Isi yamaraga igihe kinini iri mu bihe by’ubukonje.
Iki kiyaga cyahoze mu Nyanja abahanga bita paleolake Mega-Tchad, ubwo hari mu mwaka 5000 Mbere ya Yezu Kristu.
Cyari kimwe mu biyaga byahoze biri ahari ubutayu bwa Sahara muri iki gihe.
Ubuso biriya biyaga byari ho bwanganaga na km2 1,000,000.
Muri biriya bihe ubujyakuzima bw’amazi ya biriya biyaga ntibwarenzaga metero 50 z’ubujyakuzimu.
Abaromani kandi bigeze kugera kuri kiriya kiyaga ubwo bagabaga ibitero mu Majyaruguru y’Afurika barwana n’ubwami bwa Carthage, ubu ni muri Tunisia y’ubu.
Abandi Bazungu bageze mu gice kiriya kiyaga kirimo mu mwaka wa 1851 ubwo Umudage witwa Heinrich Barth yahageraga mu bushakashastsi bwo kuvumbura ahantu Abazungu muri kiriya gihe batari bazi( exploration).
Uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’Intebe w’u Bwongereza Bwana Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, yigeze kucyandikaho mu gitabo yise The River War: An Account Of The Reconquest of the Sudan cyasohotse muri 1899.
Umuhati wo kongera kurema ikiyaga cya Tchad…
Mu nama Abakuru b’ibihugu byombi bagiranye kuri iki Cyumweru, Perezida Buhari yabwiye mugenzi we wa Tchad ko igihe kigeze kugira ngo kiriya kiyaga cyongere gihangwe kuko gifitiye akamaro abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 30 baba abo muri Nigeria cyangwa abo muri Tchad.
Umuvugizi we witwa Bwana Femi Adesina avuga ko Buhari asaba ibihugu byose bituriye ikibaya cya kiriya kiyaga gukora uko bishoboye bikaganisha amazi aho aya kiriya kiyaga yahoze.
Buhari avuga ko amazi azashyirwa muri kiriya kiyaga agomba kuzakiyoborwamo avanywe muri ruzi rwa Kongo.
Ati: “ Kongera gusubiza amazi muri kiriya kiyaga bizafasha abagituriye kongera kubona amafi, ubuhinzi mu bishanga n’ibindi bifitiye akamaro abaturage.”
Uyu mukuru w’igihugu avuga Nigeria ari yo izunguka kurushaho ariko ngo n’ibindi bihugu bizunguka.
Nigeria yarangije gutanga amafaranga azakoreshwa mu gukora inyigo y’uko kiriya kiyaga cyasubizwamo amazi.
Perezida Idriss Deby Itno we avuga ko kugira ngo kiriya kiyaga cyongere kigire amazi ahagije bizasaba ko hatumizwa inama mpuzamahanga yiga kuri kiriya kibazo.
