Umuhanga mu by’ibidukikije n’ubukerarugendo wigisha muri Kaminuza y’amahoteli, ikoranabuhanga n’ubukerarugendo witwa Dr Tushabe avuga ko kuba gusura Pariki y’Ibirunga bisaba kwishyura $ 1500 ari byiza kuko birinda ko ingagi zisurwa n’abantu benshi bakaba bakwangiza ubuturo bwazo.
Kiriya ni igiciro kinini k’uko ari Miliyoni 1.5 Frw, akaba ari amafaranga atapfa kubonwa n’Umunyarwanda uwo ari we wese.
Dr Tushabe yabivuze mu kiganiro yahaye abanyamakuru kuri uyu wa Kane ubwo Kaminuza ye yizihizaga umuntu mpuzamahanga w’ubukerarugendo usanzwe wizihizwa ku rwego rw’Isi buri tariki 27, Nzeri, buri mwaka.
Umuhango wo kwizihiza uriya munsi wabereye muri imwe mu nzu mberabyombi ziriya Kaminuza iherereye mu Murenge wa Niboye Mu Karere ka Kicukuro, ahitwa Sonatubes.
Watangijwe n’Umuyobozi wiriye Kaminuza Prof Dr Callixte Kabera wifurije intiti bagenze bigisha muri iriya Kaminuza, abakozi n’abandi bakora muri iriya Kaminuza umunsi mwiza w’ubukerarugendo.
Prof Dr Kabera yavuze ko muri iki gihe u Rwanda n’amahanga biri kwivana mu ngaruka za COVID-19 guteza imbere ubukerarugendo ari ingenzi kugira ngo bwongere bugire uruhare bwahoranye mu iterambere ry’u Rwanda by’umwihariko.
Ku ruhande rwa Dr Tushabe, ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda ni ikintu gikwiye gukomeza kongerwamo imbaraga bugashishikarizwa abaturage, bakabutinyuka.
Avuga ko n’ubwo ari byiza ko abanegihugu batera iriya ntambwe, ariko Leta y’u Rwanda yasanze ibyiza ari ukuzamura igiciro kuri Pariki nk’iy’Ibirunga kuko ingagi ari inyamaswa zidakunda rwaserera kandi zikeneye kuba ahantu hatekanye.
Ati: “ Nanone kuba gusura zimwe muri Pariki bihenze, nabyo ni byiza kuko bituma gusura inyamaswa bitaba ibya buri wese ufite Frw 30 000, Frw 40 000… Yego gusura ingagi birahenda kuko ari $ 1500 ariko nanone ni byiza kuko birinda ko abantu benshi bajyayo uko babishatse bikaba byakwangiza indiri ingagi zituyemo.”
Ashishikariza Abanyarwanda gutangira kumva ko ubukerarugendo ari ikintu kiza, kibaruhura mu mutwe, bakitabira.
Insanganyamatsiko yo kuzirikana akamaro ko kurengera ibidukikije muri uyu mwaka igira iti: “ Ubukerarugendo bugamije iterambere ridaheza, Tourism for Inclusive Growth.”
Ese ubundi ubukerarugendo ni iki?
Ijambo ‘ubukerarugendo’ ntiritandukanywa n’ijambo ‘amahoteli’. Uzumva bavuga ngo runaka yiga mu ‘Ishami ry’Ubukerarugendo n’Amahoteli’
Iri jambo ‘amahoteli’ niryo abiga ibijyanye nabyo bita ‘hospitality.’
Hari igitabo kitwa Discovery Hospitality cyanditswe mu mwaka wa 2015 kivuga ko iri jambo risobanura ‘gufasha abantu kuruhuka, bakumva bahawe ikaze ahantu hatari iwabo’ (Discover Hospitality, 2015, 3).
Bivuze ko umuntu uri mu bukerarugendo, aba agomba kubona ahantu arara, akahafatira icyo kurya n’icyo kunywa, mbese ntagire icyo abura mu byifuzo bye.
Amateka y’ubukerarugendo nk’uko tubuzi muri iki gihe
Iyo urebye mu bitabo by’inkusanyabumenyi( Encyclopedias) usanga ubukerarugendo bwaratangiye kera cyane ariko butangira kugira isura isa n’iyo tuzi ubu mu gihe cy’Ubwami bw’Abami bw’Abaroma.
Guhera muri kiriya gihe cy’Ubwami Bw’Abami bw’Abaroma(24BC-476AD) kugeza mu ntangiriro z’Ikinyejana cya 17 Nyuma ya Yezu Kristu, urubyiruko rwo mu miryango yifashije nirwo rwashishikarizwaga gutembera u Burayi ‘kugira ngo rurebe uko abandi babayeho.’
Bigeze mu gihe abanyamateka bita ‘Igihe Rwagati’( Middle-Ages, Moyen-Ages), hari hantu henshi ku isi cyane cyane mu bihugu byari bituwe n’abaturage bayobotse amadini nka Islam na Kiliziya Gatulika bakundaga kujya gusura Ahantu Hatagatifu, ibyo bitaga Ingendo ntagatifu( pilgrinages).
Aha ariko, twabamenyesha ko ijambo ‘hospitality’cyangwa amacumbi ryaje mbere y’ubukerarugendo kuko ryo ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu Kinyejana cya 14 Nyuma ya Yezu Kristu.
Rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikilatini ryitwa hospes, riganisha k’umucumbitsi, umugenzi, umushyitsi.
Umuhanga witwa Griffiths avuga ko ijambo ‘ubukerarugendo’ nk’uko risobanurwa muri iki gihe, ryatangiye gukoreshwa henshi mu Burayi mu mwaka wa 1772 rwagati.
Tourism( ubukerarugendo), ni ijambo ry’inyunge rihuje ‘tour’ ry’Ikigereki rivuga kuzenguruka n’ijambo circle ry’Ikilatini, byombi bihuzwa bikavuga gukorera urugendo kure y’iwanyu cyangwa y’iwawe ariko ukazagaruka.
Hari igitabo kivuga ko ikigo cya mbere cyatangiye gutanga serivisi z’ubukerarugendo mu buryo bwa kinyamwuga ku isi ari icyo mu Bwongereza kiswe Cox & Kings, iki kigo kikaba cyari icy’ingabo z’Abongereza.
Nyuma y’imyaka 100, ni ukuvuga mu mwaka wa 1841, umugabo witwa Thomas Cook yatangije ikigo cy’ingendo za ba mukerarugendo b’Abongereza, bikaba byari mu rwego rwo kubafasha kumenya uko ahandi ku isi babayeho.
Igitabo kivuga amateka ya Thomas Cook cyo mu mwaka wa 2014 kivuga ko mu mwaka wa 1845 ari bwo yatangiye kujya aha abakiliya tike bitwaza mu rugendo n’ababayobora( aba guides).
Gari ya moshi niyo yakoreshwaga mu ngendo za ba mukerarugendo.
Gutembera bakagera kure nibyo byatumye umugore w’umugabo wakoze imodoka zaje kwitwa Mercedes Benz(uyu mugabo yitwaga Karl Benz) amenyekanisha ziriya modoka henshi mu Burayi.
Hari mu mwaka wa 1886.
Rwagati mu kinyejana cya 20 ni ukuvuga mu mwaka wa 1952 nibwo indege zatangiye kugurukana ba mukerarugendo bava i Londres mu Bwongereza bajya Johannesburg muri Afurika y’Epfo n’i Colombo muri Sri Lanka.
Aha rero niho ubukererugendo bwambuka imigabane y’isi bwatangiriye mu buryo butaziguye.
Mu mwaka wa 1950 nibwo hubatswe akabyiniro kahuzaga abaturutse i Burayi, Aziya n’Afurika kiswe Club Méditérannée.
Aka ni ko kabyiniro kabimburiye utundi tugezwemo muri iki gihe.
Imyaka yakurikiyeho yatumye urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rurushaho kwaguka, haba ubukorerwa imbere mu bihugu ndetse n’ubwambukiranya imipaka.
Kubera ko kugira ngo umuntu abe mukerarugendo bisaba ko aba yarangije guhaza ibindi byifuzo bye, iyo ahuye n’akaga nk’intambara, ubukerarugendo bwe buba buhagaze.
Ni ko byagenze mu Ntambara ya Mbere n’iya Kabiri z’Isi.
Ni ko byagenze kandi mu Burayi ubwo hadukaga inzara n’ubukene bukabije bwakurikiye Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi, igihe cy’Akanda cyagoye Abanyaburayi cyane.
Iki gihe bise Great Depression cyatangiye muri Kanama,1929 kigeza muri Werurwe,1933.
Ubwo Abanyamerika bagabwagaho igitero cy’indege tariki 11, Nzeri, 2001 , isi yose yarakangaranye bituma ubukerarugendo busa n’ubuhagaze cyane cyane ko biriya bitero byari byagabwe hifashishijwe indege.
Indwara z’ibyorezo ( ikiri ku isonga ni COVID-19) nabyo byahagaritse ubuzima bw’abatuye isi, bituma bahitamo kuramira amagara yabo bakoresheje amafaranga bari barazigamiye ingendo.
Murandasi yafashije abantu gukomeza kumenya uko ahandi babayeho bitabaye ngombwa ko bajyayo ariko muri rusange ntiyasimbuye ibyifuzo by’abifite byo ‘kujya kureba aho bweze.’
Abanyarwanda baca umugani ngo ‘akanyoni katagurutse ntikamenya iyo bweze’, kandi ngo ‘Utajya ibwami abeshywa byinshi.’
Ubukerarugendo bufasha abantu basanzwe bifite kumenya uko bagenzi babo( b’abakire) babayeho ndetse n’uko n’abakene b’ahandi babayeho.
