Leta y’u Rwanda yasoje umushinga w’imyaka itanu w’ibikorwa byo gusubiranya Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati – Mukura, watumye ishyamba ryayo risanwa ndetse abayituriye bafashwa kwiteza imbere binyuze mu mishinga ibyara inyungu.
Muri Gashyantare 2016 nibwo ishyamba kimeza rya Gishwati – Mukura riri mu ruhererekane rw’Imisozi y’isunzu rya Congo-Nil ryemejwe nka Pariki y’Igihugu, iba iya kane u Rwanda rugize nyuma y’Ibirunga, Akagera na Nyungwe.
Iherereye mu Turere twa Rutsiro na Ngororero mu Ntara y’i Burengerazuba bw’igihugu, ikangana na hegitari 3 558, ubariyemo icyanya cya Gishwati gifite ubuso bwa hegitari 1 570 na Mukura ingana na Hegitari 1 988.
Nubwo iki gice kimaze kugarura isura, kuva mu myaka ya 1970 cyaje guhabwa aborozi bangiza igice kinini cy’ishyamba bahashyira amatungo.
Nyuma ya 1994 kandi cyahawe abaturage hamwe barahatura, ahandi bahahinga imyaka irimo ibishyimbo, ahasigaye bakaharagira amatungo.
Abaturiye ririya shyamba bahamya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe zitatinze kubageraho, kuko habanje kuva izuba ridasanzwe, nyuma hagwa imvura nayo idasanzwe.
Kuva mu 2008 hatangiye ibikorwa byo kuhasubiranya bigizwemo uruhare n’abaturage, mu 2015 bunganirwa na Leta binyuze mu Kigo gishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije (REMA), mu mushinga wiswe Landscape Approach to Forest Restoration and Conservation (LAFREC).
Uretse kuba Gishwati-Mukura yaremejwe nka Pariki y’Igihugu, mu 2020 yemejwe n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe Uburezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco (UNESCO) nk’icyanya gikomye (Biosphere Reserve).
Mu bikorwa by’imyaka itanu ishize, imibare igaragaza ko byahinduriye ubuzima nibura abaturage 40,000, hanubakwa ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye.
REMA iheruka gutangaza ko abaturage babashije kwiteza imbere binyuze mu mishinga ibyara inyungu ifite agaciro ka miliyari 2.6 Frw, bubakirwa n’aho bazajya bamukirikira bakanagurishiriza ibyavuye mu musaruro wabo.
Hatunganyijwe ubuhumekero bwa Pariki bungana na hegitari 603, hegitari 32 zangijwe n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro butemewe n’amategeko zirasubiranywa.
Muri icyo gice kandi hasubiranyijwe ishyamba kuri hegitari 900, ndetse izindi hegitari 446 zikoreshwa n’aborozi zatewemo ibiti ku buryo hatunganyijwe byihariye.
Umuyobozi Mukuru wa REMA, Juliet Kabera, yavuze ko ibyo bikorwa bitahinduye gusa uburyo bwo kwita no guteza imbere urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.
Ati “Ahubwo uyu mushinga wanahinduye ubuzima bw’ibihumbi by’Abanyarwanda kandi ugaragaza ko gushora imari mu bidukikije bitanga inyungu ikomeye ku bantu no ku mubumbe.”
Uwo mushinga watewe inkunga na Global Environment Facility (GEF) binyuze muri Banki y’Isi, mu 2017 uza kwagurwa ku nkunga ya Nordic Development Fund.
Umuyobozi wa Banki y’Isi mu Rwanda, Rolande Pryce, yavuze ko batanze inkunga bagamije gufasha u Rwanda kubyaza umusaruro amashyamba n’ubutaka.
Yavuze ko byose byakozwe mu ntego zo “kurwanya ubukene, gushyigikira iterambere ry’ubukungu no kongerera imbaraga serivisi z’ibidukikije zibishingiyeho, haba mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga.”
Muri uwo mushinga kandi hubatswe ibikorwa byo kwirinda ibiza, birimo ibiraro birindwi byubatswe by’abanyamaguru harimo ibyashyizwe ku migezi ya Sebeya na Satinsyi.
Uyu mushinga kandi wakozwemo imirimo myinshi irimo ingo 219 zo mu Karere ka Nyabihu zegerejwe amazi meza, abantu 3,530 bagezwaho amazi meza yegerejwe inigo nderabuzima n’amashuri mu Karere ka Rutsiro.
Muri ibyo bikorwa kandi ingo 2,849 zatewe inkunga binyuze mu bikorwa byo kuzamura imibereho yabo, hatangwa inka 791, ingurube 104, ihene 720 n’intama 3,011.
Ingo 30 zo mu Karere ka Ngororero zo zahawe amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba.
Nibura 53% by’abungukiye muri uwo mushinga ni abagore.
Muri uwo mushinga kandi hubatswe imirindankuba 13 harimo 12 yashyizwe mu karere ka Rutsiro kakunze kwibasirwa cyane n’inkuba, n’undi umwe washyizwe m ukarere ka Rubavu.
Ubukerarugendo
Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati Mukura ni iwabo w’amoko asaga 60 y’ibiti, inguge nyinshi n’inyoni z’amoko asaga 232 usanga muri Gishwati na 163 aboneka mu gice cya Mukura.
Muri iyi pariki ni naho dusanga amasoko y’imigezi nka Sebeya.
Ku wa 1 Ukuboza 2020 nibwo Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati Mukuru yafunguriwe abayisura, ubu ni hamwe mu haganwa n’abantu mu gihe ubukerarugendo bukirimo kuzahuka.
Mu mushinga wa LAFREC hubatswe ahantu hatatu ba mukerarugendo bashobora gukambika, n’ahandi habiri abantu bashobora kugurishiriza ibintu bijyanye n’ubukerarugendo.
Urwego rw’Iterambere mu Rwanda (RDB) ruheruka gusinyana amasezerano na y’imyaka 25 n’ikigo Imizi Ecotourism Development Ltd, yo gutunganya no gucunga Pariki y’igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura ku buryo ihinduka igice gikorerwamo ubukerarugendo mu gihugu.
Icyo kigo gishamikiye kuri Wilderness Safari imaze kubaka izina mu bukerarugendo bugezweho kuri uyu mugabane.
