Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr Justin Nsengiyumva yabwiye Inteko ishinga amategeko, imitwe yombi, ko ubukungu bw’u Rwanda muri iki gihe buri kwiyubaka ku rwego bwahozeho mbere y’icyorezo COVID-19 cyarugezemo mu mwaka wa 2020.
Imibare yahaye abagize uru rwego ivuga ko muri rusange, umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu wazamutse ku mpuzandengo ya 7%, hagati y‘umwaka wa 2017 na 2025.
COVID-19 yo mu 2020 yatumye ugabanuka ku kigero cya 2,8% munsi ya zeru
Nyuma y’aho, ingamba zo guhangana n’ingaruka z’iki cyorezo zatumye ubukungu bw’Igihugu bwongera kwiyubaka.
Umusaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu wakomeje kwiyongera, ugera ku kigero cya 8,2% mu mwaka wa 2023, no kuri 7,2% muri 2024 ugera ku gipimo cya 9,4%, mu mwaka wa 2025.
Kuva mu mwaka wa 2017 kugera mu 2025, urwego rw’inganda rwazamutse ku mpuzandengo ya 8,7%, urwa serivisi rugera kuri 7,9%, naho urw’ubuhinzi ruzamuka ku kigero cya 4,4%.
Mu mezi atandatu abanza y’umwaka wa 2026, ubukungu bwakomeje kuzamuka, mu gihembwe cya mbere bwazamutseho 10,0%, naho mu gihembwe cya kabiri bugera kuri 9,4%.
Iteganyamibare rivuga ko mu mwaka wa 2026, izamuka ry’ubukungu rizarenga ikigero cyari giteganyijwe cya 6,8%.
Dr Justin Nsengiyumva ati: “Ibi bigaragaza ko ubukungu bw’Igihugu cyacu bwongeye kwiyubaka nyuma y’ihungabana rikomeye ryatewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo cya COVID-19”.
Ku rundi ruhande, Minisitiri w’Intebe avuga ko uruhare rw’ubuhinzi mu musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu rwagabanutse ruva kuri 25,6% mu mwaka wa 2017 rugera kuri 20,3% mu mwaka wa 2025, mu gihe uruhare rw’inganda rwo rwazamutse rukava kuri 17,5% rugera kuri 22,0%.
Urwa serivisi rwarazamutse ruva kuri 48,3% rugera kuri 52,3%. 11.
Nsengiyumva yabwiye abagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ko kugabanuka k’uruhare rw’ubuhinzi mu musaruro mbumbe biri muri politiki ya Leta yo kugabanya urwego ubuhinzi gakondo bwakorwagamo, hagakorwwa ubuhinzi bwa kijyambere.
Ibi kandi byagendanye n’uko Leta ishaka kongera umusaruro utangwa n’inganda, serivisi no kohereza hanze ibikoresho byakorewe mu nganda cyangwa ibindi bikerwa yo.
Icyo byamariye umuturage
Minisitiri w’Intebe Dr Justin Nsengiyumva avuga ko ibyavuzwe haruguru muri rusange byazamuye urwego rw’imibereho y’abaturage.
Avuga ko bigaragarira ku bwiyongere bwayo umuturage yinjizaga ku mwaka kuko ayo mafaranga yavuye ku $784 mu mwaka wa 2017 ugera $1.156 mu mwaka wa 2025.
Intego ni uko mu mwaka wa 2029, Umunyarwanda azaba yinjiza $1.369.
Nsengiyumva ati: “Ibi byerekana ko kwaguka k’ubukungu bw’Igihugu kujyana no kwiyongera k’umusaruro ugera ku muturage binyuze mu kongera ingano y’umusaruro, kwagura ibikorwa by’abikorera, n’imirimo itanga umusaruro.”
Ku byerekeye gucuruzanya n’amahanga, Guverinoma ivuga ko byavuye kuri miliyari $4,9 mu 2017 bugera kuri miliyari $ 9,4 mu 2025, bingana n’izamuka rya 89%.
Ibyoherezwa mu mahanga bwavuye kuri miliyari $1,9 mu 2017 bigera kuri miliyari $3,5 bingana n’ubwiyongere bwa 84%.
Muri icyo gihe, ibitumizwa mu mahanga byageze hafi kuri miliyari $6 muri 2025 bivuye kuri miliyari $ 3 mu 2017zirengaho gato.
Hagati aho, icyuho kiri hagati y’ibyoherezwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga cyari miliyari$ 2,4 muri 2025.
N’ubwo hakiri icyuho hagati y’ibyoherezwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, Guverinoma ivuga ko ikomeje gucunga neza amadovize kugira ngo Igihugu gikomeze kugira ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ibitumizwa mu mahanga no guhangana n’ihungabana rituruka ku masoko mpuzamahanga.
Abanyarwanda kandi ngo bari kwizigamira ku kigero gifatika.
Ugereranyije n’Idolari rya Amerika, mu 2025, agaciro k’ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kagabanutseho 4,4% ugereranyije na 9,4% mu mwaka wa 2024.
Ni mu gihe mu mezi atandatu abanza ya 2026, Ifaranga ry’u Rwanda ryakomeje kugaragaza ukutajegajega, rigabanukaho 0.87%.
Ibikidindiza ubukungu bw’u Rwanda n’imari yarwo
Minisitiri w’Intebe avuga ko hari imbogamizi z’ingenzi Guverinoma ihanganye nazo ngo zive mu nzira.
Zirimo umusaruro muke mu nzego z’ubukungu, bigatuma ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ubukungu ritagera ku muvuduko ukenewe; ishoramari no kwizigamira kw’imbere mu gihugu bitaragera ku rwego rukenewe; icyuho kikiri hejuru hagati y’ibyoherezwa n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga; ndetse n’ihindagurika ry’ibiciro.
Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa ku isoko bikomeje kuba hejuru kubera ihungabana ry’ibiciro ku isoko mpuzamahanga, ririmo guterwa ahanini n’amakimbirane ari hirya no hino ku isi.
Guverinoma ishyira mu bikorwa ingamba zitandukanye zigamije kongera umusaruro no kubaka ubudahangarwa bw’ubukungu, urugero rukaba mu buhinzi aho Guverinoma yita ku byanya by’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi, kwagura no kunoza imikorere y’ibyanya byuhirwa na Nkunganire ku nyongeramusaruro.
Ubuhinzi buhura n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere naho ubworozi bukazahazwa n’indwara z’amatungo.
Ibura ry’amata n’inyama ritubya umusaruro wabyo, bigatiza umurindi imirire mibi.
Minisitiri w’Intebe yabaye nk’utanga icyizere, avuga ko ubwo imvura iri kugwa, ubu amata agiye kongera kuboneka.
Ikindi kidindiza ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ni uko inganda zarwo zidatanga umusaruro wose zifitiye ubushobozi.
Inganda zimwe zikora amanywa gusa kandi ubundi ahandi zikora igihe cyose, abakozi bagasimburanwa mu kazi.
Abanyarwanda kandi bashishikarizwa gukoresha ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu, kugira ngo inganda zibone isoko ry’ibyo zikora.
Ku birebana n’intambwe imaze kugerwaho mu kubaka no gukomeza guteza imbere urwego rw’imari, Dr Nsengiyumva avuga ko u Rwanda rukomeje gushyira imbaraga mu kubaka urwego rw’imari rwagutse.
Ni urwego avuga ko rugomba kuba rufite ubushobozi kandi rutajegajega, rushobora gukusanya ubwizigamire, gucunga amafaranga y’Abanyarwanda no kuyashora mu bikorwa by’iterambere.
Uko imari yarwo ihagaze
Kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2025, imiterere y’uru rwego yarahindutse.
Amabanki yaragabanutse ava kuri 15 agera kuri 11, mu gihe ibigo by’imari iciriritse byavuye kuri 473 bigera kuri 70.
Ahanini uku kugabanuka kwajyanye n’ivugururwa n’ihuzwa ry’ibigo bijyanye no kunoza imiterere y’urwego kugira ngo rurusheho kugira ubushobozi n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gutanga serivisi z’imari.
Ukugabanuka kw’ibigo by’imari iciriritse kwatewe ahanini n’ihuzwa ry’Imirenge SACCO 416, yavuyemo SACCO z’uturere mirongo itatu.
Ku rundi ruhande, ibigo by’ubwishingizi byavuye kuri 16 bigera kuri 18, ibigo by’ubwiteganyirize bw’izabukuru biva kuri 1 (aricyo RSSB) bigera kuri 12, naho abahuza ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane bava kuri 21 bagera kuri 35.
Ibindi bigo by’imari bitari amabanki byageze kuri 448 mu 2025, ibigo by’ikoranabuhanga mu by’imari (FinTech) byo byageze kuri 36, bivuye kuri bitatu byariho mu 2017.
Ibi bigaragaza kwaguka no kwiyongera ku buryo abaturage n’ibigo bashobora kubona serivisi z’imari.
Izi mpinduka z’imiterere zaherekejwe n’izamuka rikomeye ry’ubushobozi bw’urwego rw’imari, umutungo warwo uva kuri miliyari ibihumbi 4 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyari ibihumbi 16 mu 2025.
Muri icyo gihe, uyu mutungo wavuye ku rugero rungana na 53% by’Umusaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu ugera kuri 68%.
Kugeza ubu, amabanki y’ubucuruzi ni yo akomeje kugira uruhare runini rugera hafi kuri 67% by’umutungo wose w’uru rwego.
Ni mu gihe usigaye ungana na 33% usangiwe n’ibindi bigo by’imari birimo iby’imari iciriritse, iby’ubwishingizi, pansiyo n’ibindi.
Ukwaguka k’urwego rw’imari kandi kwajyanye no gushyiraho ingamba zo kurinda no gukomeza umutekano n’ubudahangarwa bw’uru rwego.
Mu gihe amabanki asabwa kutajya munsi ya 15% y’igipimo cy’ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira igihombo (Capital Adequacy Ratio), yakomeje kuba hejuru yacyo, aho mu mwaka wa 2025 yari kuri 21,9%.
Igipimo cy’inguzanyo zitishyurwa ku gihe mu mabanki (Non-Performing Loans – NPLs) nacyo cyakomeje kugabanuka, cyavuye kuri 7,6% mu 2017 kigera kuri 2,5% mu 2025.
Ababonye inguzanyo bo bakomeje kwiyongera bava ku basaga ibihumbi 243 mu mwaka wa 2017 bagera ku basaga miliyoni imwe mu 2025.
Ibi byajyanye kandi n’ubwiyongere bw’inguzanyo bwavuye kuri miliyari igihumbi na miliyoni magana atandatu z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda zigera kuri miliyari ibihumbi bitanu na miliyoni magana atanu.
Ibi bigaragaza ko imicungire y’inguzanyo n’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura byakomeje kunozwa.
Inyungu z’urwego rw’amabanki na zo zakomeje kuba ku rwego rushimishije.
Inyungu ku mutungo w’amabanki (ROA) yavuye kuri 2,2% mu mwaka wa 2017 igera kuri 4,8%, naho inyungu ku mari shingiro y’abashoramari (ROE) yo yavuye kuri 6,8% mu mwaka wa 2017 igera kuri 19,1% mu 2025.
Mu rwego rwo kurinda amafaranga y’abaturage abitswa mu mabanki n’ibigo by’imari mu gihe ibyo bigo byagira igihombo gikomeye, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yashyizeho Ikigega cy’Ubwishingizi bw’amafaranga abitswa mu mabanki.
Byatumye abaturage bagirira icyizere amabanki n’ibigo by’imari kuko baba bazi ko amafaranga yabo afite ubwishingizi.
Umutungo bizigamiye wavuye kuri miliyari 1,3 y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyari 36,2 mu 2025 kandi igihe cyo kwishyura ababitsa iyo ikigo cy’imari kidashoboye kubahiriza inshingano zacyo na cyo cyaragabanutse, kiva ku minsi 60 kigera ku minsi 14.
Mubyo Guverinoma ikora mu guteza imbere uru rwego, harimo gushora imari mu bikorwa remezo by’imari n’ikoranabuhanga, hagamijwe gutuma serivisi z’imari ziboneka hafi y’umuturage, ku giciro kidahenze ndetse mu buryo bwihuse kandi bwizewe.
Ibi byazanye impinduka zikomeye mu buryo Abanyarwanda babona kandi bakoresha serivisi z’imari.
Kuva mu 2017 kugeza mu 2024, umubare w’Abanyarwanda bafite uburyo bwo kugera kuri serivisi z’imari zemewe warazamutse uva kuri 68% ugera kuri 92%.
Iyo wongeyeho abagerwaho gusa na serivisi zo kwizigamira binyuze mu bimina, uwo mubare ugera kuri 96%.
Izi mpinduka zigaragarira cyane mu kwishyurana hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, aho mu 2025 abagera kuri 73,7% by’abantu bakuru bishyuranye hakoreshejwe ubu buryo.
Umubare w’ibikorwa byo kwishyurana hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga na wo wariyongereye uva hafi kuri miliyoni 256 mu 2017 ugera kuri miliyari 3,1 mu 2025.
Agaciro k’amafaranga yahererekanyijwe nako kazamutse kava kuri miliyari ibihumbi 2,9 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda kagera kuri miliyari ibihumbi 85,5.
By’umwihariko, hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga, amabanki yakomeje kwegereza abaturage serivisi zazo binyuze mu kongera umubare w’abayahagarariye batanga serivisi z’imari.
Igipimo kigaragaza ko ku bantu bakuru 100.000, abatanga serivisi z’amabanki biyongereye bakava kuri 67 mu 2020 bakagera kuri 228 mu 2025.
Hagamijwe kurushaho kunoza uburyo bwo guhererekanya amafaranga, serivisi zo kohereza no kwakira amafaranga hakoreshejwe telefoni zigendanwa na zo zagize uruhare rukomeye muri iyi mpinduka.
Mu 2025, abakoreshaga izi serivisi ku buryo buhoraho bari bageze kuri 715 ku bantu bakuru 1.000, bavuye kuri 433 bo mu 2017.
Mu mwaka wa 2026 Dr Justin Nsengiyumva avuga ko Guverinoma yashyizeho uburyo bushya bwo kwishyurana bwa eKash nk’umuyoboro uhuza ibigo by’imari, ugafasha guhererekanya amafaranga ku buryo bwihuse kandi ku mafaranga make atarenga Frw 20.
Ni mu gihe amafaranga ashobora koherezwa cyangwa kwakirwa kuri buri gikorwa ashobora kugera kuri miliyoni 10.
Ubu buryo bwagabanyije imbogamizi zaterwaga no kudahuza neza serivisi z’ibigo bitandukanye, binatuma kwishyurana birushaho kwihuta, koroha no kwizerwa.
Umurenge SACCO na yo yagize uruhare rukomeye muri uku kwaguka kwa serivisi z’imari, cyane mu baturage batagerwagaho na serivisi z’amabanki 12 y’ubucuruzi.
SACCO zagize uruhare mu guhuza abaturage n’amahirwe yo kwizigamira no kubona inguzanyo hafi y’aho batuye.
Kugeza ubu, imikorere y’Imirenge SACCO yaranogejwe inashyirwa mu ikoranabuhanga.
Hanatangijwe kandi gahunda yo kuyihuza ku rwego rw’Akarere hagamijwe kubaka ibigo by’imari bifite ubushobozi n’ubudahangarwa bwisumbuye, no kunoza imiyoborere n’igenzura.
Guverinoma kandi yarangije inyigo ku ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’Ifaranga koranabuhanga rya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda, kandi hazakomeza gutangwa amakuru ku bijyanye n’imikoreshereze yaryo.
Ku bijyanye n’ubwizigamire, bwavuye kuri 14,7% by’Umusaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu mu 2017, bugera kuri 22.8% mu 2025.
N’ubwo hakomeje kubaho iri zamuka, haracyakenewe gushyiramo imbaraga kugira ngo igihugu kigere ku ntego yo kuzamura igipimo cyo kwizigamira kikagera kuri 25,9% muri 2029.
Kwaguka k’urwego rw’imari kwagaragaye kandi no mu nguzanyo zatanzwe.
Izatanzwe ku bikorera zavuye kuri miliyari 1.464 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu 2017 zigera kuri miliyari 5.275 mu 2025.
Uku kwiyongera kandi kwazamuye uruhare rwazo mu Musaruro Mbumbe w’Igihugu kuko rwavuye kuri 19,2% muri 2017 rugera 22,6% muri 2025. 52.
Inguzanyo ku nganda n’ibikorwa byo gutunganya umusaruro zavuye kuri miliyari hafi 163 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda zigera kuri miliyari zisaga 927; iz’ubuhinzi ziva kuri miliyari 46 zigera kuri miliyari 185; naho izo mu bwubatsi ziva kuri miliyari 302 zigera kuri miliyari 1.230.
Ibi bigaragaza ko urwego rw’imari rukomeje kugira uruhare runini mu gutera inkunga ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ubukungu.
Ku birebana n’inguzanyo zahawe abikorera bo mu bigo bito n’ibiciriritse, mu 2025, inguzanyo bahawe zari zimaze kugera kuri miliyari 608 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, mu gihe igipimo cy’abasabaga inguzanyo muri iki cyiciro ntibazihabwe ku mpamvu zitandukanye cyavuye ku 8,8% mu 2017 kikagera kuri 4,7% mu 2025.
Muri rusange, umubare w’abunganirwa mu kubona ingwate muri iyi gahunda wakomeje kwiyongera.
Bavuye kuri 435 bahawe inguzanyo zingana na miliyari 2,2 z’Amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2017 bagera ku 6.948 bahawe inguzanyo ingana na miliyari 49 mu 2025.
Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwirinda ibihombo bishobora guterwa n’ingorane zitunguranye, abaturage bakomeje kwitabira serivisi z’ubwishingizi.
Muri uru rwego, amafaranga y’ubwishingizi rusange yarazamutse ava kuri miliyari 120,9 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu 2017 agera kuri miliyari 399.0 mu 2025.
Ibi byajyanye kandi no kwiyongera kw’abantu bakuru bitabira serivisi z’ubwishingizi aho bavuye kuri 7,9% mu 2018 bakagera kuri 17,2%.
Ku bijyanye na pansiyo, umubare w’abatanga umusanzu warazamutse uva kuri 374.585 mu 2017 ugera kuri 884.400 mu 2025 naho umutungo ucungwa n’ibigega bya pansiyo wavuye kuri miliyari 66 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ugera kuri miliyari 2.200.
Uku kuzamuka kandi kwajyanye n’ukwiyongera kw’abahabwa amafaranga y’ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru wavuye ku 36.755 ugera ku 70.903 mu 2025, mu gihe amafaranga bahawe yiyongereye ava kuri miliyari 18 agera kuri miliyari 81 ku mwaka.
Gahunda ya Ejo Heza na yo yongereye umubare w’abizigamira.
Abayitanzemo umusanzu bavuye ku bihumbi 14 mu 2019 bagera kuri miliyoni hafi 4 mu 2025.
Muri iki gihe, amafaranga bazigamye yageze kuri miliyari 49 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda avuye kuri miliyoni 80 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu mwaka wa 2019.
Ibi bifite igisobanuro kirenze umubare w’abitabiriye iyi gahunda kuko ni intambwe mu kubaka umuco wo guteganyiriza ejo hazaza no gutuma abaturage bagira uruhare mu kubaka umutekano w’imari w’ingo n’uw’Igihugu muri rusange.
Kugeza ubu, ibigo biri ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane byariyongereye, biva kuri kimwe mu 2017 bigera ku 10, bigizwe na bitanu by’imbere mu gihugu na bitanu byo hanze.
Ibi byongereye amahitamo y’aho ibigo byakura igishoro, kandi binatanga n’uburyo bwagutse bwo guhuza abashoramari n’ibikorwa by’ubukungu.
Kugeza ubu, umutungo w’iri soko umaze kugera ku gaciro kagera kuri miliyari hafi ibihumbi 7 uvuye kuri miliyari hafi ibihumbi 3 mu 2017.
Ni mu gihe abashoramari ku isoko ry’imari n’imigabane bamaze kugera ku bihumbi birenga 117 bavuye ku bihumbi 13 mu 2017.
Ibikorwa byo gushyira impapuro mpeshwamwenda ku isoko rya kabiri nabyo byariyongereye.
Agaciro k’ibikorwa byo gucuruza impapuro mpeshamwenda ku isoko rya kabiri karazamutse kava kuri miliyari 212 z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda mu 2017 kagera kuri miliyari 4.770 mu 2025.
Ibi byafashije kwihutisha impinduka mu miterere y’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage, bituma imari igera ku bikorwa bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, birimo inganda, ubuhinzi bugamije ubucuruzi, serivisi zigezweho, ikoranabuhanga n’ibikorwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.
Mu rwego rwo kurushaho kurengera abakiriya no gukomeza kubaka icyizere muri serivisi z’imari, hashyizweho amabwiriza n’uburyo bunoze bwo gukumira no gukemura uburiganya, hagamijwe kugaruza amafaranga yanyerejwe igihe bishoboka.
Urwego rw’imari u Rwanda rukeneye kugira ngo rugere ku ntego z’Icyerekezo 2050, ni urwego rukora ibirenze kohereza no kwakira amafaranga.
Rugomba gukusanya ubwizigamire bw’Abanyarwanda, gutera inkunga intego z’abikorera n’abahanga imishinga mishya, gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kongera umusaruro w’ibigo by’ubucuruzi, guhangana n’ingorane ingo z’Abanyarwanda zihura na zo, no kugira uruhare mu ishoramari ry’igihe kirekire rikenewe kugira ngo ubukungu butere imbere.
