Mu Nyanja ni mu bubiko bw’ibintu by’agaciro ntagereranywa. Abantu bahakura byinshi birimo imiti n’ibiribwa bidapfa kuboneka imusozi.
Kimwe cya kabiri cy’umwuka wa ogisijeni abantu bahumeka niho uturuka, zikabikora binyuze mu kwakira umwuka mubi wa karuboni abantu bahumeka zikawuhinduramo umwiza bakeneye.
Ikindi kandi, inyanja zituma ikirere kidahindagurika cyane.
Kuba aha hantu ari ah’ingenzi kandi bikaba bizwi na benshi, ntibihabuza kwibasirwa binyuze mu bahahumanya.
Kimwe mu bibazo bikomereye inyanja ni ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bituma amabuye yo mu Nyanja, ibimera by’aho n’ibindi binyabuzima byangirika.
Abahanga muri siyansi bavuga ko mu myaka 30 iri imbere, amabuye yo mu nyanja hafi ya yose, ashobora kuzaba atakiriho.
Ikinyamakuru Nimukanguke! ya mbere yasohotse mu mwaka wa 2023 kivuga ko ayo mabuye atuma kimwe cya kane cy’ibinyabuzima biba mu mazi bikomeza kubaho.
Indi ngingo yerekana akaga k’inyanja ni uko abashakashatsi bavuga ko 90 ku ijana by’inyoni ziza gushaka ibyokurya mu nyanja, zishobora kuba zarariye ibintu bikozwe muri purasitike.
Buri mwaka ibikoko byo mu nyanja bibarirwa muri za miriyoni bipfa bizize ibintu bikozwe muri purasitike byariye.
Mu mwaka wa 2022 Umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, António Guterres yaravuze ati: “Ntitwigeze twita ku nyanja mu buryo bukwiriye. Ni yo mpamvu muri iki gihe inyanja zacu zugarijwe n’akaga gakomeye.”
Inyanja n’ibinyabuzima biyirimo, byaremanywe ubushobozi bwo kwisukura no kubungabunga ubuzima bwabyo.
Ariko ibyo bikorwa neza ari uko abantu batajugunyemo imyanda ndetse hari igitabo cyavuze ko abantu birinze kwangiza inyanja, zakomeza kumera neza ukurikije ubushobozi zifite bwo kwisukura.
Ese zisukura gute?
Hari utwatsi duto cyane tutaboneshwa amaso (phytoplankton), tuba mu mazi.
Dukoresha umwuka wa karuboni ushobora gutuma ku isi haba ikibazo cy’ubushyuhe bukabije kandi tukawubika.
Utwo twatsi tubika umwuka wa karuboni hafi ya wose ushobora kubikwa n’ibiti byose, ibyatsi byose n’ibindi bintu byose bimera mu butaka.
Nanone hari mikorobe zirya ibisigazwa by’amafi byashoboraga guhumanya inyanja.
Izo mikorobe na zo, hari udusimba two mu nyanja tuzirya, bityo rero iyo mikoranire ituma inyanja zikomeza kugira isuku kandi zigahora zimeze neza.
Ibinyabuzima byinshi byo mu mazi bikoresha urwungano ngogozi rwabyo, kugira ngo amazi arimo aside yashoboraga kwica ibindi binyabuzima biyahinduremo amazi meza ashobora kugirira akamaro ibindi binyabuzima.
Ibyatsi byo mu nyanja bituma ikomeza kugira isuku
Nimukanguke! isobanura ko burya iyo amazi arimo umuhengeri ari kugenda agana ku mucanga, umucanga n’amabuye yo mu mazi, ibyatsi byo mu mazi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi bituma ayo mazi yegera inyanja.
Iyo amazi yegera inkombe, ibyatsi byo mu mazi bigabanya ubunini bwayo n’umuvuduko wayo kandi bigakura utubuye mu mazi.
Amafi n’ibindi binyabuzima byo mu mazi bikura ibyokurya muri ibyo byatsi, bigatuma amazi agera ku nkombe ari meza kandi atuje.
Ibyatsi byo mu nyanja biba biri hasi mu mazi, kandi bituma umucanga wo mu nyanja utazamuka.
Ibi birinda utunyabuzima two mu nyanja kurwaragurika cyane kandi bikarinda umucanga wo ku nyanja nturengerwe n’imiraba cyangwa ngo igere kure.
Hatagize uhumanya inyanja, ntiyakenera gusukurwa.
Iyo ni yo mpamvu hari abahanga bari gushishikariza abantu kujya batwara ibintu mu bikoresho bazakoresha kenshi, aho kubitwara mu bikoresho bya purasitike bakoresha inshuro imwe ubundi bakabijugunya.
Ariko haracyakenewe byinshi.
Vuba aha, ikigo gishinzwe kwita ku bidukikije cyakusanyije imyanda abantu bata ku mucanga ikajya mu nyanja mu bihugu 112, igera muri toni 9.200.
Ariko icyo ni kimwe cy’igihumbi cy’imyanda ijya mu nyanja buri mwaka.
Hari igitangazamakuru cyavuze kiti: “Ukurikije ukuntu inyanja zimaze kwangirika, nta kintu na kimwe cyakorwa ngo zongere zisubirane. Abantu bari kwangiza inyanja mu buryo bukabije, ku buryo ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja bidafite ubushobozi bwo guhangana na bo, ngo biyisukure uko bikwiriye.”
Nubwo Bibiliya atari igitabo cya siyansi, hari aho yavuze ko mu nyanja ari iwabo w’ibinyabuzima bitagira ingano biyigendamo, byaba ibito ndetse n’ibinini.”—Zaburi 104:24, 25.2.
Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko abantu ari bo bashobora gutuma isi yabo yongera kuba nziza byibura mu rugero runaka.
Ikibabaje ni uko umururumba ari wo utuma bangiza isi ngo barashaka iterambere ry’inganda.
Uko inyanja ziteye:
Ku isi hari inyanja eshanu zemewe cyane muri siyansi n’ubumenyi bw’isi.
Izo ni:
-Pacific Ocean
-Atlantic Ocean
-Indian Ocean
-Southern Ocean
-Arctic Ocean
Nubwo zose zifatwa nk’inyanja zitandukanye, mu by’ukuri amazi yazo, ahanini aba afite aho ahurira.
Inyanja ifite ahantu harehare cyane ku isi ni iya Pacific mu gace kitwa Mariana Trench, kageze ku bujyakuzimu bugera kuri metero zirenga 11,000, ni ukuvuga ko hasumba umusozi muremure kurusha indi ku isi ari wo wa Mount Everest, uri mu Buhinde na Nepal kuko wo ufite uburebure bwa metero 8,848.
Inyanja nto mu buso ni Arctic Ocean, ikagira amazi make kandi itaremereye cyane.
Abahanga bamwe bavuga ko ku by’ukuri hari inyanja imwe gusa ihuza isi yose, ariko bayigabanyijemo ibice bitanu kugira ngo kuziga no gusobanura ibyazo byorohe.
