Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zashyizeho imisoro mishya ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu 60 zicuruzanya nabyo, zikavuga ko zibikoze mu rwego rwo kwanga ko zahinduka isoko ry’ibicuruzwa byakorewe mu nganda z’ibihugu bitubahiriza uburenganzira bw’abakozi babyo ahubwo bikabakoresha ‘imirimo y’agahato.’
Iyo misoro iri hagati ya 10% na 12.5%, ikaba ireba ibihugu bicuruzanya cyane n’Amerika birimo Ubwongereza, u Bushinwa, Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi (EU), Canada, u Buyapani n’u Buhinde.
Icyemezo cyo gutangira kuyisoresha kiratangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa kuri uyu wa Gatanu italiki 24, Nyakanga(7), 2026, nyuma y’uko umusoro w’agateganyo wa 10% ku bicuruzwa bituruka mu mahanga wari warashyizweho mbere y’uyu mwaka uri bube urangiye.
Amerika ya Donald Trump imaze igihe ifata ibyemezo bikomeye byagize ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwayo n’amahanga, izi ngaruka kandi ziza ziyongereye kuzatewe n’intambara isi imazemo imyaka myinshi.
Izo ntambara -zirimo niyo igihugu cye kigiye kumara amezi atandatu kirwana na Iran -zatumye ubukungu bw’isi bwari butangiye kwisuganya nyuma y’uko COVID-19 ihagaze, bwongera kuzamba.
Ibi bije bikurikira intambara y’ubucuruzi ku isi yongeye gukazwa na Perezida wa Amerika Donald Trump ubwo yasubiraga ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 2025.
Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 2026, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Amerika rwemeje ko imisoro myinshi Trump yari yarashyizeho akoresheje ububasha bw’ibihe bidasanzwe itari yemewe n’amategeko.
Nyuma y’icyo cyemezo, Perezida Trump yakomeje gushaka ubundi buryo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ye y’ubucuruzi.
Muri Kamena(6), uyu mwaka, Ibiro bye byatangaje ko biteganya gushyiraho imisoro ya 10% kugeza kuri 12.5% ku bicuruzwa bituruka mu bihugu byinshi, ibyo Biro bikavuga ko ibyo bihugu bidakora ibihagije mu kurwanya ikoreshwa ry’imirimo y’agahato mu bakora mu nganda zabyo.
Kuri uyu wa Kane italiki 23, Nyakanga(7), 2026 Uhagarariye Amerika mu by’Ubucuruzi, Jamieson Greer, yavuze ko ayo mabwiriza ari butangire gukurikizwa.
Ati: “Igikorwa cy’uyu munsi kigamije gukosora ihohoterwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu n’imikorere y’ubucuruzi ihungabanya isoko kugira ngo imibereho y’abakozi hirya no hino ku isi irusheho kuba myiza.”
Mu kubivuga atyo, Greer yifashishije Ingingo ya 301 y’Itegeko ry’Ubucuruzi ryo mu mwaka wa 1974, riha Amerika ububasha bwo gufatira ibyemezo ibihugu bibangamira ubucuruzi bwayo.
Mu ntangiriro z’iki cyumweru kandi, ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwifashishije Ingingo ya 338 y’Itegeko ry’Imisoro ryo mu mwaka wa 1930, bushyiraho umusoro wa 50% ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bituruka muri Canada.
Ibiro by’Uhagarariye Amerika mu by’Ubucuruzi byavuze ko iyi misoro mishya yashyizweho kubera ko ibihugu byinshi bitashyizeho cyangwa ngo bishyire mu bikorwa amategeko abuza kugurisha muri Amerika ibicuruzwa byakozwe binyuze mu gukoresha abakozi imirimo y’agahato, badahemberwa mu buryo bukurikije uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Iyo misoro ireba ibihugu 60 bikorana ubucuruzi na Amerika, bungana na 99.4% by’ibicuruzwa Amerika itumiza mu mahanga.
Perezidansi ya Amerika yavuze ko Trump yemeje ko icyo cyemezo kigamije ko ubucuruzi nka buriya buhagarara, ntibukomeze gutuma Amerika ishorwa mu kugura ibintu byakozwe hatubahirijwe uburenganzira bw’abakozi.
Kugeza ubu, ibihugu 10 byamaze kwemera gushyira ayo mategeko mu masezerano yabyo y’ubucuruzi, mu gihe ibindi byatangiye kuyashyiraho nyuma y’iperereza n’igitutu Amerika yabishyizeho.
Ibihugu byiyemeje gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mategeko bizasoreshwa 10%, naho ibitarabikora bizasoreshwa 12.5%.
Icyo impuguke zibivugaho
Impuguke mu bya politiki y’ubucuruzi mu kigo Hinrich Foundation yitwa Deborah Elms yabwiye BBC ko iyi misoro igaragaza ko ubutegetsi bwa Trump bwiyemeje gukomeza politiki yabwo yo gukoresha imisoro nk’intwaro y’ubucuruzi.
Yongeyeho ko bishoboka ko ibihugu birebwa n’ibyo byemezo bitazabasha kwerekana ko bifite ingamba zihagije zo gukumira ibicuruzwa byakozwe binyuze mucyo Amerika yise ‘imirimo y’agahato.’
Wendy Cutler, impuguke mu by’umutekano w’ubukungu mu kigo Asia Society Policy Institute, yavuze ko iyo misoro ishobora gutuma ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa bizamuka ku masosiyete no ku baguzi.
Yongeyeho ko ibihugu byinshi bizareba uko byahagarika kwishingikiriza ku isoko rya Amerika, bikongera amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bifitanye n’ibindi bihugu cyangwa hagasinywa andi mashya.
Amahanga abivugaho iki?
Brazil
Leta y’iki gihugu yavuze ko icyemezo cya Amerika kidafite ishingiro kandi kidakurikije ubutabera mu buhahirane mpuzamahanga.
Yashinje Amerika gukoresha ikibazo gikomeye cy’uburenganzira bw’abakozi nk’urwitwazo rwo guteza imbere politiki yayo yo kurengera isoko ryayo.
Brazil (yasoreshejwe 12.5%), yavuze ko izafata ingamba hashingiwe ku mategeko yayo agamije kwihimura mu bucuruzi (“reciprocity law”) kandi igashaka andi masoko.
Nanone mu ntangiriro za Nyakanga (7), 2026, Amerika yari yashyizeho undi musoro wa 25% ku bicuruzwa bimwe bituruka muri Brazil birimo ibikoresho byo mu ngo, imashini n’isukari, ariko isonera ibindi nk’ikawa n’inyama z’inka.
U Buyapani
Guverinoma y’u Buyapani yavuze ko yababajwe n’icyemezo cya Amerika, ishimangira ko ubucuruzi bwayo bukorwa hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Australia
Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi wa Australia, Don Farrell, yavuze ko iyo misoro idafite ishingiro na busa, kandi ko azakomeza gusaba Amerika gukuraho imisoro yose yashyize ku bicuruzwa by’igihugu cye.
Umuvuno wa Trump
Donald Trump amaze igihe kinini avuga ko gushyiraho imisoro ihanitse ku bicuruzwa bituruka mu mahanga birinda abakozi b’Abanyamerika gutakaza akazi kandi bigateza imbere ubukungu bw’igihugu binyuze mu guha inganda zacyo uburyo bwo kubona isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ryagutse.
Muri Mata(4), 2025, yashyizeho imisoro igera kuri 50% ku bihugu byinshi ku munsi yise ‘Liberation Day’ (Umunsi w’Ubwigenge bw’Ubukungu), avuga ko yari agamije gukosora uburyo Amerika ifatwa nabi mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Ariko muri Gashyantare (2), 2026, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Amerika rwatesheje agaciro iyo misoro, ruvuga ko Perezida yari yarenze ku bubasha ahabwa n’amategeko.
Nyuma y’aho, Perezidansi ya Amerika yashatse uko yakomeza gushyiraho imisoro ku bicuruzwa bituruka mu mahanga, harimo umusoro rusange wa 10% wari uw’agateganyo uri burangire kuri uyu wa Gatanu.
Hagati aho, intambara y’ubucuruzi hagati y’Amerika n’u Bushinwa yabaye ihagaze ‘by’agateganyo.’
Trump yakoresheje kandi iyi politiki y’imisoro kugira ngo ahatire ibihugu bimwe nka Méxique kugira icyo bikora ku bibazo bitari iby’ubucuruzi ahubwo bya politiki.
