U Rwanda rutangaza ko rwatangiye kwitegura kuzahangana n’ibiza biri imbere aha binyuze mu gushaka ubushobozi bw’amafaranga n’ubwa tekiniki buzakoreshwa ubwo igihugu kizaba cyazonzwe n’ibiza bizakomoka ku mvura nyinshi abahanga bavuga ko izaterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iterwa na El Niño.
Kuva muri Kanama(8) 2026, Minisiteri ishinzwe Ibikorwa by’Ubutabazi no guhangana n’ibiza (MINEMA), ku bufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, yakoze isuzuma ngo irebe niba inzego z’igihugu ziteguye guhangana n’imyuzure, inkangu n’ibindi.
Muri urwo rwego, hakozwe imyitozo yiswe ‘Contingent Emergency Response Project’ (CERP) nyuma y’uko hatanzwe umuburo w’uko imvura ishobora kwiyongera kubera iyo El Niño.
Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere bavuga ko El Niño ari imiterere karemano y’ikirere iterwa no gushyuha kw’amazi yo mu Nyanja ya Pasifika, bigakurura imvura ikabije mu bice bimwe, mu gihe mu bindi bice humagara, amapfa akomeye agatera.
Mu rwego rwo kwitegura kuzahangana n’ibyo byose rero, Leta y’u Rwanda yakoranye na Banki y’isi, ishyiraho icyo bise CERP kikaba uburyo bw’imari buzatuma Leta ibona ‘byihuse’ amafaranga yari asanzwe ari muri gahunda z’imishinga iterwa inkunga na Banki y’Isi, ikayongera kuyo ikoresha mu guhangana n’ibiza.
MINEMA yavuze ko ubwo yagenzuraga uko inzego za Leta n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo biteguye kuzahangana n’ibyo bintu, yasuzumye niba zizi uburyo bwo kumenya uburemere bw’ibiza, gutegura gahunda yo guhangana n’ibibazo bizateza, gushaka amafaranga, kuyakoresha no kunoza imikoranire hagati y’inzego zirebwa nabyo.
Iyo myitozo yabaye ku wa 10 no ku wa 11 Kanama(8), ihuza inzego za Leta, abafatanyabikorwa n’impuguke za Banki y’Isi.
Umunyamabanga Uhoraho muri MINEMA, Aristarque Ngoga, yavuze ko kwitegura ibiza bitarangirira gusa k’ukuba hari amafaranga cyangwa ibikoresho.
Ati: “Kwitegura si ukugira ibikoresho n’amafaranga byonyine ahubwo ni no kureba niba inzego zizi inshingano zazo kandi zishobora gufata ibyemezo vuba, zigakorana neza kandi zihuje ibikorwa igihe habaye ikibazo. Iyi myitozo ya CERP idufasha kumenya no gukemura ibibazo bishobora kubaho mbere y’uko bigira ingaruka, tukamenya uburyo twabyitwaramo.”
U Rwanda rukeneye andi mafaranga yo kwitegura
MINEMA yatangaje ko u Rwanda rwasabye inkunga ya miliyoni $ 86.2 muri gahunda ya Global Shield Against Climate Risks, igamije kongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibiza no kwitegura ibihe by’amage mu bice bikunze kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Kugeza muri Nyakanga(7) 2026, miliyoni € 10 zari zimaze kwemezwa.
Gahunda ya Global Shield yatangijwe mu 2022 bikozwe n’itsinda rya G7 ndetse na V20, igamije gufasha ibihugu bikunze kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kubona imari yihuse yo guhangana n’ibiza birimo imyuzure, amapfa, inkubi n’ubushyuhe bukabije.
U Rwanda rwinjiye muri iyi gahunda mu mwaka wa 2024, mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Mu mwaka wari wabanje, rwahuye n’ibiza bikomeye byishe abantu barenga 130 bazize inkangu zatewe n’imvura yaguye mu itumba ry’uwo mwaka.
Hitezwe igihe cy’imvura nyinshi
Mu nama yitwa Greater Horn of Africa Climate Outlook Forum (GHACOF 74) yabereye mu Rwanda kuva ku wa 17 kugeza ku wa 18 Kanama(8), 2026 haganiririwemo ingaruka zishobora kuzaterwa na El Niño zirimo imvura iremereye izagwa hagati y’Ukwakira(10) na Ukuboza(12) 2026.
Ikigo cya IGAD gishinzwe iteganyagihe n’ikoreshwa ry’amakuru y’ikirere (ICPAC), ku bufatanye n’inzego z’igihugu zishinzwe iteganyagihe n’abafatanyabikorwa, cyagaragaje ko ibipimo byerekena ko muri ariya mezi, hazagwa imvura irenze isanzwe mu bice byinshi by’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.
Igihe cy’imvura cyo kuva mu Ukwakira(10) kugeza mu Ukuboza(12) ni ingenzi cyane ku bihugu byo mu gice cya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba giherereye hafi y’umurongo wa Ekwateri no mu Majyepfo y’aka Karere.
Muri Ethiopia, Kenya na Somalia, iyi mvura ishobora gutanga kugera kuri 70% by’imvura yose igwa mu mwaka, mu gihe mu bice bimwe by’u Rwanda, u Burundi, Tanzania na Uganda ishobora kugera kuri 40% byayo.
Amakuru k’ubushyuhe bw’amazi yo mu Nyanja ya Pasifika agaragaza ko El Niño yamaze kwaduka kandi ko izakomeza mu gihe gisigaye cy’umwaka wa 2026.
Nanone biteganyijwe ko ikinyuranyo cy’ubushyuhe mu bice bitandukanye by’inyanja y’Abahinde, ibyo abahanga bita Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) kizakomeza kunyurana, ibintu bikunze gutuma imvura yiyongera mu karere mu gihe cy’imvura y’Ukwakira(10) kugeza mu Ukuboza(12).
Iteganyagihe ry’akarere rigaragaza ku kigero cya 90% ko imvura iziyongera mu Majyepfo ya Ethiopia, hagati no mu Majyepfo ya Somalia no mu Majyaruguru y’Uburasirazuba bwa Kenya.
Biteganyijwe ko izaba ari nyinshi cyane kuko izaba irenga milimetero 400( ni ukuvuga litiro 400 z’amazi amenwe ku buso bwa metero kare imwe) ikazagwa mu bice byo hagati no mu Majyepfo ya Somalia, ibyo hagati muri Kenya, mu kibaya cy’Ikiyaga cya Victoria, mu Burundi, mu Burengerazuba bw’u Rwanda no mu Burengerazuba bwa Tanzania.
Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’ubumenyi bw’ikirere, Meteo Rwanda, Aimable Gahigi, yavuze ko u Rwanda rushobora kuzagwamo imvura irenga milimetero 400 muri iki gihembwe.
Ati: “Ishusho yuzuye y’uko imvura izaba imeze mu Rwanda mu gihe kiri imbere izatangazwa ku wa Gatanu.”
Gahigi yavuze ko ingaruka za El Niño y’uyu mwaka zishobora gusa n’izagaragaye mu 1997 no mu 2023, ubwo ibice byinshi by’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba byabonaga imvura irenze isanzwe hagati y’Ukwakira(10) n’Ukuboza(12).
Ibi byongera impungenge z’imyuzure n’inkangu mu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu bice byamaze kugaragazwa ko biri mu byago byinshi.
Ingamba zo guhangana n’ibiza zamaze gushyirwaho
MINEMA yatangaje ko mu mwaka wa 2026, ingo 4,785 zimaze kwimurwa ziva mu bice byagaragajwe ko biri mu kaga ko kwibasirwa n’ibiza.
Nanone, ingo 5,095 zari zarasenyewe n’ibiza mu mwaka wa 2023 zamaze gutuzwa ahizewe.
Hashyizweho kandi uburyo bwo gukumira inkuba ahantu hahurira abantu benshi mu turere twa Rutsiro na Ngororero.
Akandi karere kibasirwa cyane n’inkuba ni Karongi.
U Rwanda rumaze gushyiraho ahantu 14 ho guhungira mu gihe cy’ibiza, ndetse n’ububiko bw’ibikoresho by’ubutabazi buri muri Kigali, muri Musanze, muri Kayonza n’i Karongi.
Abantu hafi 4,000 bamaze guhabwa amahugurwa ajyanye no kwitegura ibiza no guhangana nabyo.
Igihugu kandi cyatangiye gukoresha National Emergency Command Centre ikora amasaha 24 kuri 24, iminsi irindwi mu cyumweru, mu rwego rwo guhuza ibikorwa byo gutabara habaye ibiza.
Muri za ‘command posts’ 28 z’uturere tw’igihugu, icyenda zimaze gushyirwamo ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gukurikirana imyiteguro, gutabara no gusana ibyangijwe n’ibiza.
Ku rundi ruhande, Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’ubworozi yashyizeho kandi icunga ibigega by’ibiribwa by’igihugu biri i Nyanza, Kicukiro, Nyagatare, Nyabihu, Nyamagabe, Bugesera n’i Kayonza ngo bizagoboke abazazahazwa n’amapfa cyangwa ibindi biza.
Isuzuma ry’ingaruka z’ibyo biza ryagaragaje ko mu gihugu hari ibintu n’ahantu 18,417 bishobora kwibasirwa nabyo mu gihe ubushobozi rusange bw’igihugu bwo guhangana n’ibiza bugeze kuri 46%, ijanisha rito ugereranyije.
Ahantu ho gusengera ni ho hagaragajwe nk’ahugarijwe kurusha ahandi, hakaba hari inyubako 4,125, hagakurikiraho ibigo by’amashuri 3,270, amasoko n’inyubako z’ubucuruzi 2,186.
Ahandi hagaragaye ko hazahura n’ingorane ni muri za hoteli n’ahandi hacumbikirwa abantu, ibiro, ibigo nderabuzima, imirima, inzu, imihanda n’ibindi bikorwa remezo by’ubwikorezi, inganda, ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu, imiyoboro y’amazi n’ibikorwaremezo by’ubutabazi.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Rubavu kari mu dukunze kibasirwa n’imyuzure kubera umugezi wa Sebeya, Prosper Mulindwa, yavuze ko mu ngengo y’imari y’umwaka wa 2026/27, Akarere kateganyije miliyoni Frw 201 yo kubaka inzu z’imiryango itishoboye ituye mu manegeka.
Mu myaka itanu ishize, mu Rwanda ibiza byangije inzu 16,600, naho hafi 2,700 zirasenyuka burundu.
Byangije kandi ibyumba by’amashuri, ibiraro, imihanda, imiyoboro y’amashanyarazi, insengero, ibigo nderabuzima n’amasoko.
Ibihingwa byangijwe byari bihinze kuri hegitari 7,000, mu gihe amashyamba ahinze kuri hegitari 478 yangiritse.
Ibiza kandi byahitanye inka 376 n’andi matungo magufi hafi 4,400.
