Bavuga ko kimwe mu bintu bibabaje abantu bakora nkana ari ukumena ibiryo. Kumena ibiryo ni ugupfusha ubusa ku rwego rukomeye kuko iyo ubimennye uba usesaguye amafaranga, imbaraga n’umwanya byatwaye ngo ibyo biryo bigere ku isahani.
Ikibabaje nanone ni uko kumena ibiryo bataba mu bakire gusa ahubwo ubisanga no mu bihugu ahanini bituwe n’abakene, urugero nk’u Rwanda.
Umujyi wa Kigali- ari nawo utuwe n’abakire benshi- niho hari umubare munini w’abamena ibiryo, ibi kandi bitangwaho ubuhamya na bamwe mu basore bapakira imyanda bayijyanye mu kimpoteri cy’i Nduba mu Karere ka Gasabo.
Nduwayo Charles yabwiye Taarifa Rwanda ko iyo arebye mu myanda bagiye kumena akabonamo imigati, umuceri, inyama n’ibindi biryo, yumva bimubabaje.
Ati: “ Muri Kigali kurya bisaba gukora cyane ngo ubone amafaranga yo guhahisha. Kubona rero abantu barya bagasigaza barangira bakamena ibyasigaye kandi hari abo bicira isazi mu jisho, birababaza!”
Avuga ko abantu bari bakwiye gutangira gushishikariza abana kudasigaza ibiryo kandi abategura amafunguro bakajya babanza kubara ibyo bari buteke bikaribwa bigashira.
Ibyo Nduwayo avuga, bisa n’ibyo Mukasekuru Donatha avuga by’uko nta gahinda ku mubyeyi karuta kubona abana barara ubusa kandi abaturanyi bamena ibiryo.
Ati: “ Uzi kumva umwana akubaza niba ari burye, ukabura icyo umusubiza? Tekereza iyo abakire bakaranze ibyo bakaranga hanyuma bakabisagura ubundi bikajyanwa mu kimpoteri?”
Uretse ibyangirikira ku masahani bakabimena, hari n’umusaruro uba warangirikiye mu murima cyangwa mu rugendo ukora uva ku isambu, ukagera ku isoko nyuma ukajyanwa mu rugo gutekwa.
Nta mibare igaragaza ingano ya buri gihingwa cyangirika nyuma yo gutekwa hanyuma bakakimena ariko muri rusange bivugwa ko hafi 40% by’ibiryo abanya Kigali bateka, babimena.
Kwihaza mu biribwa bihagaze gute mu Rwanda?
Kwihaza mu biribwa ni imwe mu nkingi z’ingenzi z’ubuzima n’iterambere ry’igihugu icyo ari cyo cyose.
Icyakora, kuba igihugu gihinga kandi kikeza ibiribwa byinshi ntibihita bivuga ko abaturage bose bazabibona, bazabigura ku giciro kiboneye kandi bakarya indyo yuzuye.
Mu Rwanda, ikibazo cyo kutihaza mu biribwa kigomba kureberwa mu byiciro bine:
- Kuba nta biribwa bihagije kandi biboneka kenshi ku masoko,
- Kuba ingo zifite ubushobozi buke bwo kubigura cyangwa kubyihingira,
- Kuba abaturage batabona indyo yuzuye kandi inyuranye,
- Kuba ibiribwa bitaboneka mu buryo buhoraho, hatitawe ku mpinduka z’ibihe, amapfa, imyuzure cyangwa izamuka ry’ibiciro.
Nubwo haboneka umusaruro w’ubuhinzi, ikigamijwe ni uko uwo musaruro ugera ku baturage bose, cyane cyane abatishoboye, abana n’abagore batwite cyangwa bonsa.
Raporo y’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare, NISR, yitwa Comprehensive Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (CFSVA) 2024, ikaba imwe mu nyandiko z’ingenzi zifasha kumenya uko ingo z’u Rwanda zibasha kubona ibiribwa, ivuga ko imibare y’ingenzi ya 2024 igaragaza ko 83% by’ingo ziri mu rwego rwo kwihaza mu biribwa.
Yerekana ko 16% by’ingo zifite ikibazo cyo kutihaza mu biribwa ku rugero ruciriritse naho 1% by’ingo zifite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutihaza mu biribwa.
Iyi mibare igaragaza ko hari intambwe yatewe kuko ingo zifite ikibazo cyo kutihaza mu biribwa zagabanutse ziva kuri 21% mu 2021 zigera kuri 17% mu 2024.
Ariko kuba 83% by’ingo byihaza ntibivuga ko zose zirya indyo yuzuye, irimo imboga, imbuto, ibikomoka ku matungo n’ibindi bitunga umubiri.
Ikindi, raporo ya NISR y’ibipimo by’ibiribwa ya 2025 igaragaza ko u Rwanda rwari rufite ubushobozi bwo kubona ingufu zituruka ku biribwa zingana na kalori 2,366.7 ku muntu ku munsi.
Nyamara 77.7% by’izo ngufu byaturukaga ku byongera imbaraga, mu gihe ibinure byari kuri 12.2%, munsi y’urugero rwifuzwa.
Ibi bivuga ko ikibazo kitari ukubona ibiryo gusa, ahubwo ko harimo no kubona ibiribwa bitandukanye kandi bifite intungamubiri zihagije.
Nubwo umusaruro w’ubuhinzi uturuka ahanini mu cyaro, ikibazo cyo kubona ibiribwa bisukuye kandi bitetswe neza kigaragara aho hantu.
Mu mijyi
Umujyi wa Kigali ni wo wagaragaje urugego rwo hasi rw’ingo zitihaza mu biribwa ungana na 4% gusa, hashingiwe ku byavuzwe muri iriya raporo ya CFSVA 2024.
Ibi bituma uba ahantu hagaragaza kwihaza mu biribwa kurusha utundi duce tw’igihugu.
Ariko hari ibibazo bigaragara muri uyu Mujyi birimo ko abenshi mu batuye mubawutuye bagura ibiribwa aho kubyihingira bityo umusaruro watuba, ibiciro bikazamuka ku isoko ntibahahe nk’uko bisabwa.
Hari ingo zishobora kubona ibiribwa bihagije ariko zigahitamo ibihendutse, bidafite intungamubiri zihagije bitewe no kubura amikoro afatika yo guhaha.
Ubwinshi bw’abaturage butuma bacuranwa umusaruro muke uba wabonetse kandi gukenera aho batura, bkubaka ibikorwa remezo…bigatubya ubutaka buhingwaho.
Urugero, Kigali ifite ikibazo cy’ubutaka bugenda bwiyongera mu gaciro bitewe n’imiturire n’ibikorwa by’iterambere bidasiba kuhatangizwa.
Mu cyaro
Ibibazo birushaho kugaragara mu ngo zimwe na zimwe zifite imibereho ishingiye ku buhinzi aho umuryango uhinga kugira ngo ubone ibyo urya.
Raporo ya CFSVA 2024 yatangarijwemo ko hafi 70% by’ingo zo mu Rwanda zituye mu cyaro.
Ikindi, Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ushinzwe Ibiribwa (WFP) uvuga ko 83% by’ingo zo mu cyaro zifite imibereho ishingiye ku buhinzi/ubworozi.
Mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba, 23% by’ingo zari zifite ikibazo cyo kutihaza mu biribwa, mu gihe mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo byari 16%, mu Ntara y’Uburasirazuba byari 14%.
Abahanga mu iterambere ry’icyaro bemeza ko ibibangamiye kwihaza mu biribwa mu Rwanda birimo ubutaka buto bwo guhingaho, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, amapfa n’imvura nyinshi, kubura ubushobozi bwo kugura imbuto z’indobanure n’ifumbire, umusaruro muke n’uburyo budahagije bwo kuwuhunika, kubura amasoko ahamye n’ibiciro bidahoraho no kuba hari abahinzi badafite ubushobozi bwo kuhira imyaka.
Bivuze ko umuturage wo mu mujyi ashobora kubura amafaranga yo kugura ibiribwa biri ku isoko, mu gihe uwo mu cyaro ashobora kubura umusaruro uhagije wo kugaburira umuryango we kandi iyo bigenze gutyo ntasagurira n’isoko.
Ibyiciro by’abantu ahanini bashegeshwa n’ingaruka z’ibyo bibazo ni abana n’abagore kandi ubusanzwe iki ni cyo gice gikwiye kwitabwaho cyane, kuko kutabona indyo yuzuye bigira ingaruka ku mikurire y’umubiri, ubwenge, ubuzima n’ubushobozi bwo gukora.
Ingaruka ku bana
Imibare ya Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2025 igaragaza ko 27% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu bafite ikibazo cyo kudakura neza kubera imirire mibi (stunting), bavuye kuri 33% mu 2020.
6% bafite ikibazo cy’imirire mibi ikomeye igaragazwa no kunanuka cyane (wasting), bakaba baravuye kuri 8% mu 2020.
Kubura ubutare (iron) mu maraso yabo n’izindi ntungamubiri bishobora gutuma abana bagira amaraso make, bakarwara kenshi kandi bagatakaza ubushobozi bwo kwiga.
Iyo umwana atabonye indyo yuzuye mu minsi 1.000 ya mbere y’ubuzima bwe, ni ukuvuga kuva agisamwa kugeza yujuje imyaka ibiri, ashobora kuzahura n’ingaruka zirambye zirimo kudakura neza mu gihagararo, kudindira mu mikurire y’ubwonko, kugira ubushobozi buke bwo kwiga no gufata mu mutwe, kugira ubudahangarwa buke bw’umubiri no kurwaragurika.
Ku bagore
Abagore batwite, abonsa n’abakobwa bari mu kigero cy’ubwangavu nabo bari mu cyiciro gishobora kwibasirwa cyane n’imirire idahagije.
Raporo ya WFP y’igenamigambi ry’u Rwanda ya 2026–2029 igaragaza ko ikibazo cy’amaraso make ( anaemia) gifitwe na 13% by’abagore bari mu kigero cyo kubyara, mu gihe kigera kuri 36.6% by’abana bafite hagati y’amezi atandatu n’imyaka itanu nabo bafite icyo kibazo.
Abagore batarya neza bahorana umunaniro ukabije, bagira amaraso make, iyo batwite baba bari mu kaga ko kuzabyara umwana ufite ibilo bike kandi akavuka imburagihe, bagira kandi imihango iza nabi n’ibindi.
Akaga gakomeye gashobora kuva kuri ibyo byose ni uko umugore yapfa ari kubyara, ibi bikaba bimwe mu bintu Minisanté ivuga ko gikomereye ubuzima rusange bw’abaturage.
