Ibigo by’indege muri Africa byari bisanzwe bihagaze neza ndetse mu myaka 20 ishize byakoze neza kurushaho. Ikigo cy’Africa y’Epfo kitwa South African Airlines nicyo cyari imbere y’ibindi ariko ubu cyarahombye hazamuka icya Kenya Airlines na Ethiopian Airlines.
Ibi bigo tuvuze nyuma bimaze imyaka runaka bihatanira umwanya wa mbere mu Karere ka Africa y’i Burasirazuba. Ethiopian Airlines niyo iri guhiga ibindi bigo ariko Kenya Airlines na RwandAir nabyo byihagaze ho.
South African Airlines ntihagaze neza…
Iki kigo gitwara abagenzi mu ndege cyahoze ari cyo cya mbere kuri uyu mugabane. Cyaje guhura n’ibibazo by’ubukungu byaje bisanga ingaruka za Politiki y’ivangura yiswe Aparteid yashegeshe imibereho y’abagituye.
Iyo politiki yatangiye mu mwaka wa 1948 irangira mu mwaka wa 1991.
Izi ngaruka zatumye imikorere ya kiriya kigo icika intege ndetse hari abibaza niba kizongera gukora ku muvuduko cyahoranye.
Kugwa k’ubukungu bwa South African Airlines kwabaye amahirwe ku bigo by’indege nka Kenya Airlines na Ethiopian Airlines byahise bizamuka bitangira kwagura ingendo zabyo hirya no hino muri Africa n’ahandi ku isi.
Nyuma y’ibibazo by’ubukungu byabaye ku isi hagati y’umwaka wa 2007 na 2008, ibi bigo byombi byazamukanye ibakwe mu bucuruzi bwabyo ndetse birunguka ariko mu rwego rutandukanye.
Imibare yatanzwe n’Ikigo kitwa Routineonline muri 2019 yerekana ko muri uriya mwaka South African Airlines yatwaye abagenzi bangana na miliyni 13,3.Kenya Airlines itwara abagenzi miliyoni 4,9, naho Ethiopian Airlines itwara abagenzi miliyoni 4.6.
Dusubiye inyuma gato muri 2010 South African Airlines yatwaye abagenzi Miliyoni umunani, naho Ethiopian Airlines itwara abagenzi Miliyoni eshatu.
Muri iki gihe byifashe bite kuri buri kigo muri byo?
South African Airways iri mu bigo bitwara abagenzi mu ndege byashinzwe bwa mbere muri Africa. Yashinzwe muri 1932.
Mbere iki kigo kitwaga Union Airways, ni ukuvuga mu myaka itanu mbere y’uko kitwa South African Airlines.
Nyuma yo guhinduka South African Airlines iki kigo cyabaye icya Leta kugeza n’ubu.
Kuva cyashingwa, cyateye imbere cyane ndetse kigura indege zari zigezweho muri biriya bihe, kizigura n’ikigo cy’Abanyamerika kizikora kitwa Lockheed Martins.
Indege ya mbere cyaguze yitwaga Lockheed Lodestar.
Nyuma hakurikiyeho kugura indi ndege bise DC-4, Lockheed Constellation.
Muri 1960 nibwo cyaguze indege nini yo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 707, itangira guhuza kiriya gihugu na Sydney muri Australia na New York muri USA, ubwo hari muri 1971.
Uyu muvuduko waje kugabanuka muri 1980, ubwo amahanga yatangiraga kwamagana ku mugaragaro politiki y’ivangura ya Apartheid yacaga ibintu muri kiriya gihugu.
Kuva icyo gihe hari ingendo zahagaze kugeza n’ubu.
Ibibazo by’ubukungu byahise bitangira gushegesha kiriya kigo kubera impamvu zitandukanye birimo kuba hari ibindi bigo by’indege byazamuye umusaruro wabyo, ibikomeye kugeza ubu bikaba ari Kenya Airlines na Ethiopian Airlines.
Indi mpamvu ni ibibazo bya politiki byakomeje kuzonga Africa y’Epfo ndetse n’urugomo ruvugwa mu mijyi itandukanye ya kiriya gihugu.
Leta y’Africa y’Epfo iherutse kwiyemeza kuzahura ubukungu bwa kiriya kigo ariko bisa n’aho yaje ikererewe kuko hari ibindi bigo byazamukiye mu bibazo South African Airlines yahuye nabyo.
Ethiopian Airlines
Iterambere rya Ethiopian Airlines ryaje riri ku rwego rwo hejuru. Mu myaka mike ishize iki kigo cyongereye ingendo zacyo henshi muri Africa.
Cyashinzwe muri 1945,icyo gihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi yari irangiye. Cyashinzwe kandi mu rwego rwo kurushaho kuzamura ubucuruzi bwa Ethiopia n’ibindi bihugu.
Iterambere ry’iki kigo ryazamuwe n’imikoranire n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya USA birimo US Export-Import Bank.
Nyuma cyaje gukorana n’ikindi kigo kiswe Convair kigura n’indege zo mu bwoko bwa Douglas C-47 na DC-6.
Nicyo kigo cya mbere muri Africa cyaguze indege zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 767, gitangiza ingendo muri Africa y’Epfo, muri Azia no muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika.
Ibyago bya South African Airlines byabaye amahirwe ya Ethiopian Airlines.
Muri 2010 iki kigo cyatwaraga abagenzi bagera kuri miliyoni eshatu ku mwaka.
Muri 2019 nicyo kigo cyatwaye abagenzi benshi muri Africa kandi gifite umugambi w’uko kizaba gitwara abagenzi miliyoni 18 mu mwaka wa 2025.
Mu rwego rwo kungukira ku bindi bigo bikiyubaka muri kariya kazi, Ethiopian Airlines yashoye amafaranga mu bigo nka ASKY Airlines, Ethiopian-Mozambique Airlines, Malawi Airlines na Zambia Airways.
Muri 2013, cyaguze imigabane ingana na 49% by’ikigo Malawi Airlines.
Imibare ikinyamakuru kitwa Simple Flying cyahawe n’umuyobozi bwa Ethiopian Airlines witwa Esayas WoldeMariam yerekana ko iki kigo gihagaze neza mu bukungu no muri ibi bihe bya COVID-19.
Kenya Airlines
Kenya Airways yo yaje nyuma . Yashinzwe muri 1977. Yaje isimbura ikigo kitwaga East African Airways.
Mu ntangiriro iki kigo cyakoreshaga indege zo mu bwoko bwa DC-9 na Fokker F27-200.
Muri 1980 nibwo cyatangiye gutera imbere, gitangira gukoresha indege zo mu bwoko bwa Boeing 707.
Mu ntangiriro y’umwaka wa 1990, Kenya Airlines yatangiye gukorana n’ikigo mpuzamahanga gitwara abagenzi kitwa KLM kiyifatamo imigane ingana na 26%, Leta ifata 23%, igice gisigaye(51%) kiharirwa n’abikorera ku giti cyabo.
N’ubwo iki kigo cyashinzwe gitinze ugereranyije na bakeba bacyo, ariko kihagazeho kizamura umusaruro.
Kenya Airlines ifite ibibazo biyikomereye…
Ubwo Ethiopian Airlines yateraga imbere mu bice byinshi by’Isi, Kenya Airlines yo umuvuduko wayo waje kugenza make.
Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibi bibazo, iki kigo cyatangije umushinga kise Project Mawingu ariko nawo ntiwagize ikintu kinini ugeraho.
Ibibazo byatewe n’izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri petelori n’imikoranire mibi na KLM byongerereye ibibazo by’ubukungu bwa Kenya Airlines.
Ingaruka za COVID-19
Mbere y’uko COVID-19 yaduka muri Africa, ibigo by’indege by’ibihugu by’uyu mugabane byakoraga neza, bikinjiza amafaranga menshi.
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 2020[ubwo abatuye Africa hafi ya bose bari muri Guma Mu Rugo), ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga y’ibigo by’indege zitwara abagenzi, IATA, cyatangaje ko biriya bigo bizahomba angana na Miliyari $35 ni ukuvuga angana na 54% y’ayo byinjizaga.
Uko bimeze kose, ikigo Ethiopian Airlines niyo ihagaze neza mu bindi bigo byo kuri uyu mugabane.
Bwana Esayas WoldeMariam avuga ko biteguye kuzahura ubukungu bwabo biturutse ku kongera ingendo cyane cyane muri Aziya.
Ibigo by’indege by’Africa muri rusange byazahajwe n’ingaruka za COVID-19 ariko bifite ikizere cyo kuzanzahura ubukungu muri iki gihe isi igenda isubira ku murongo yahozeho mbere.
Ibindi bigo biri kuzanzamuka muri iki gihe ni Royal Air Maroc, EgyptAir na Air Algérie ndetse na RwandAir.
