Ihuriro ry’abakora mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro (REWU, Rwanda Extractive Workers Union) rivuga ko mu bakozi bakora muri uru rwego hari ikizere batewe n’igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho ubwishingizi buzafasha kubona amafaranga igihe imvura nyinshi yaba ihagaritse ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi.
Abayobozi mu bucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro bateganya gushyiraho ubwishingizi bwihariye buzaha indishyi abacukuzi igihe imvura irenze urugero ihagaritse ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi, bigatuma abakozi babura amafaranga binjizaga.
Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi (MINECOFIN) ivuga ko urwego rw’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro mu Rwanda rukoresha abantu bagera ku 92.000.
Abenshi ni abakozi bakora akazi k’igihe gito cyangwa bahembwa hakurikijwe iminsi bakoze n’umusaruro babonye.
Kimwe mu bikunze kubahombya, ni imvura ishobora kuba nyinshi ikababuza gukora bitewe n’ubukana bwayo haba ku migwire cyangwa ku byo yangije mu bikorwa remezo cyangwa ibindi byoroshya ubucukuzi.
Ihuriro REWU rivuga ko ubu bwishingizi ku ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bwafasha abakozi batunzwe n’amafaranga bahembwa ku munsi, bakunze kubura amikoro igihe ibirombe bifunzwe kubera ikirere gishobora gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga.
Imvura nyinshi, imyuzure no kujenga k’ubutaka bishobora gutuma ibirombe bidatekana ibikorwa by’ubucukuzi bigahagarikwa, abakozi na bo bakabura amafaranga.
Umunyamabanga Mukuru wa REWU, André Mutsindashyaka, yavuze ko ubu bwishingizi bushobora kumera nk’ubwunganizi buhabwa umuntu watakaje akazi cyangwa udashoboye gukora kubera imvura nyinshi.
Ati: “Iyo imvura ari nyinshi, abakozi bo mu birombe ntibakora. Bahembwa ari uko bakoze.”
Yavuze ko guha abakozi amafaranga mu gihe akazi gahagaze, bigabanya igitutu bashobora guhura nacyo mu gukomeza gukorera ahantu hateje akaga, kubera gusa ko bakeneye amafaranga yo gutunga imiryango yabo.
Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Mine, Peteroli na Gaze (RMB) na cyo cyagiye kiburira abacukuzi n’abakoresha ibirombe gufata ingamba mu bihe by’imvura nyinshi, kuko ishobora gutera imyuzure, gusenyuka kw’ibirombe, isuri n’ihungabana ry’ubutaka.
Uko ubu bwishingizi buzakora
Ubu bwishingizi butandukanye n’ubwishingizi busanzwe kuko buzaba bushingiye ku bipimo byagenwe mbere, buzwi nka parametric insurance, butanga amafaranga igihe ikintu cyagenwe kigeze ku rugero rwumvikanyweho.
Ntabwo bisaba ko buri mukozi atanga ikirego cyihariye ngo agaragaze igihombo yagize.
Ubu buryo buteganya ko amafaranga ashobora gutangwa igihe hagaragaye ko imvura yaguye mu gihe runaka, yari irenze urugero kandi ikagwa mu minsi myinshi ikurikirana, ikaba yaribasiye ahantu hacukurwa amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa hafi y’aho.
Ibipimo by’imvura bizakusanywa n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubumenyi bw’Ikirere (Meteo Rwanda), bikazagereranywa n’amakuru atangwa n’ibyogajuru kugira ngo hamenyekane niba urugero rw’imvura rwumvikanyweho rwaragezweho.
Buri mukozi wiyandikishije muri ubwo bwishingizi, ukorera ahantu ubufasha bureba, ashobora guhabwa amafaranga yagenwe mbere, ateganywa kuba hagati ya Frw 15.000 na Frw 25.000 buri kibazo cyatewe n’imvura kandi cyujuje ibisabwa.
Amafaranga azajya anyuzwa kuri telefone, kuri konti za banki cyangwa iz’ibigo by’imari by’abaturage bizwi nka SACCO.
Intego ni uko yajya agera ku bayagenewe mu gihe kitarenze ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo kwemezwa.
Amafaranga azakoreshwa mu bwishingizi ashobora gutangwa n’abakozi ubwabo, amasosiyete acukura amabuye y’agaciro cyangwa amakoperative yabo, ndetse na Leta.
MINECOFIN ni yo izayobora ishyirwaho rya politiki y’ubu bwishingizi, Rwanda Mining Board ifashe mu kubushyira mu bikorwa, mu gihe Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda (BNR) izatanga umurongo ngenderwaho mu bijyanye no kubugenzura.
Mu ntangiriro, ubu bwishingizi bushobora kuzibanda ku gihe cy’imvura cyo kuva muri Werurwe kugeza muri Gicurasi, nyuma bukazongerwa no mu gihe cy’imvura cyo kuva muri Nzeri kugeza mu Ukuboza.
André Mutsindashyaka yavuze ko Leta ishobora kuzagira uruhare mu gutanga inkunga y’amafaranga, nk’uko yabigenje muri gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’imyaka n’amatungo.
Ati: “Leta ishobora gutanga inkunga, nk’uko yabikoze muri gahunda z’ubwishingizi bw’imyaka n’amatungo.”
Yongeyeho ko amasosiyete acukura amabuye y’agaciro, abakozi n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere na bo bashobora kugira uruhare mu gutanga amafaranga azakoreshwa muri ubu bwishingizi.
Kubura amafaranga y’akazi bituma abakozi bakavaho
Mutsindashyaka yavuze ko ubwishingizi buzafasha abakozi mu gihe imvura ihagaritse akazi bushobora no kugabanya umubare munini w’abava muri uru rwego.
Yagize ati: “Abakozi bo mu birombe bahinduka buri munsi kubera imishahara mike cyangwa kutishyurwa na busa.”
Yavuze ko hakiri ibiganiro ku mafaranga umukozi azajya ahabwa igihe adashoboye gukora kubera imvura nyinshi.
Ati: “Ariko ashobora kuzajya ahabwa amafaranga angana n’ayo ahembwa ku munsi asanzwe akora.”
Nk’uko Mutsindashyaka abivuga, amafaranga abacukuzi bahembwa aterwa n’agaciro k’amabuye y’agaciro bacukuye n’akazi bakoze.
Ashobora kuva Frw 3.000 Frw kugeza ku Frw 15.000 ku munsi.
Yongeyeho ko amafaranga umukozi acukura amabuye y’agaciro yinjiza ku kwezi, ugereranyije ari Frw 60.000.
Ku bakozi batunzwe n’amafaranga binjiza buri munsi, kumara iminsi myinshi badakora bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku mibereho y’imiryango yabo.
Aline Uwimana, ukora muri kimwe mu birombe byo muri Karere ka Gatsibo yabwiye itangazamakuru ko iyo imvura imaze igihe kirekire, ituma imiryango igorwa no kubona ibikenerwa by’ibanze.
Ati: “Muri Mata twamaze icyumweru cyose tudakora. Mfite abana batatu, babiri muri bo bariga. Ngomba kubabonera ibikenerwa by’ibanze nk’umuryango.”
Yakomeje agira ati: “Kubura amafaranga muri ubwo buryo bigira ingaruka ku mibereho yacu, ndetse bamwe bareka ako kazi bakajya gushaka akandi. Ubwishingizi bufasha abatakaje akazi burakenewe.”
Ishyirahamwe ry’abacukuzi ryakiriye neza iki gitekerezo
Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacukuzi b’Amabuye y’Agaciro mu Rwanda (Rwanda Mining Association), Deus Kayitakirwa yabwiye The New Times ko iki gitekerezo gikwiye.
Ati: “Gahunda iyo ari yo yose igamije imibereho myiza y’abakozi bo mu bucukuzi, iterambere ryabo n’umutekano wabo irakenewe kandi turayishyigikiye.”
Asanga byari ngombwa ko hashyirwaho uburyo bwo kubarinda igihombo cy’amafaranga.
Kayitakirwa yavuze ko hakiri ibiganiro ku ruhare rw’amafaranga ruzatangwa n’amasosiyete acukura amabuye y’agaciro, abakozi na Leta.
Yavuze ko ubushakashatsi ku buryo ubu bwishingizi bwakorwa bwakorewe mu masosiyete ane yo mu turere tune ashobora uzatoranywamo ahazatangirizwa igeragezwa ry’iyi gahunda.
Yagize ati: “Tuzakorana na Meteo Rwanda kugira ngo dusuzume iby’iyo mvura nyinshi.”
Kayitakirwa yavuze ko amafaranga abakozi bazatanga agomba kuba make ku buryo bashobora kuyabona, kuko benshi binjiza amafaranga make.
Ati: “MINECOFIN nayo ishobora gutanga amafaranga. BNR ifite inshingano zo kuyagenzura. Dushobora no gushaka abaterankunga kugira ngo bongere amafaranga azakoreshwa muri iyi gahunda.”
Yongeyeho ati: “Amafaranga abacukuzi bazatanga agomba kuba make ku buryo bashobora kuyabona, kuko benshi ari abakozi bo mu rwego rudakora ibintu mu buryo buzwi kandi binjiza make. Hakenewe amafaranga yo gushyigikira iyi gahunda, kuko iyo imvura nyinshi ihagaritse akazi, amasosiyete acukura amabuye y’agaciro na yo arahomba.”
Yavuze ko Ishyirahamwe ry’Abacukuzi b’Amabuye y’Agaciro mu Rwanda rizagira uruhare mu biganiro bigamije kugena amafaranga azajya atangwa mu bwishingizi n’indishyi abakozi bazahabwa.
Umutekano w’abakozi mu gihe cy’imvura nyinshi
Iki gitekerezo cy’ubwishingizi kije mu gihe inzego zishinzwe ubucukuzi zikomeje kwibutsa abakora muri uru rwego ingaruka z’imvura nyinshi.
RMB yasabye abakoresha kuzafunga ibirombe biteje akaga no kugaragaza aho biherereye, kugenzura ahantu isuri cyangwa amazi ashobora kwinjirira mu birombe byo munsi y’ubutaka, ndetse no kumenya ahantu hari imikuku, ubutaka budakomeye cyangwa ibindi bibazo bishobora gutera gusenyuka kw’ibirombe.
André Mutsindashyaka yavuze ko kurinda abakozi igihombo cy’amafaranga bashobora guterwa no guhagarika akazi byafasha no kubahiriza izi ngamba z’umutekano.
Ibi byagabanya impamvu zatuma abakozi bakomeza gukora mu bihe biteje akaga kubera gutinya kubura amafaranga.
Ati: “Abacukuzi benshi bahembwa hakurikijwe ibyo bacukuye. Mbere, iyo umukozi yacukuraga ntabashe kubona amabuye y’agaciro, ntiyahembwaga. Mu by’ukuri, bakoreshwaga nabi birenze urugero.”
Yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko abakozi bajya bahabwa amafaranga make y’ibanze ku munsi, n’iyo baba bakoze ariko ntibabone amabuye y’agaciro.
Kugeza ubu, igitekerezo cy’ubu bwishingizi kiracyaganirwaho.
Abafatanyabikorwa ntibarumvikana ku mafaranga buri ruhande ruzatanga, indishyi abakozi bazajya bahabwa n’imiterere ya nyuma y’iyi gahunda.
