Ni ikintu abahanga mu binyabuzima bamaze igihe basuzuma neza. Abitaye ku kwiga kuri iyi ngingo ni abahanga mu binyabuzima bamaze igihe kinini bareba uko inyamaswa z’amoko arimo n’ingagi zisabana, uko ibyana byitwara iyo bihuye n’ibindi byo mu yindi miryango.
Mu buhanga bwabo basanze hari ubwoko bw’ibisabantu( primates) byitwara nk’abantu mu mimerere runaka, bakabihuza no kugira umuco.
Umuco usobanurwa nk’imyitwarire y’ibisekuru bito bigira ishingiye ku yo byarazwe n’ibyabyibarutse.
Abahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya St Andrews bamaze imyaka 70 biga imitwarire y’inyamaswa mu ndiri zazo( natural reserves).
Baje gusanga inyamaswa nkuru zisigira intoya imwe mu myitwarire yazo haba mu nyoni, inyamabere, amafi n’inigwahabiri( insects)
Prof Andrew Whiten wayoboye buriya bushakashatsi avuga ko ibyo bavumbuye byerekana ko ‘umuntu atari we wenyine ugira umuco.’
Ubusanzwe abahanga mu mitekerereze bitwa psychologists bameraga ko igitandukanya umuntu n’inyamaswa ari uko we afite umuco, akabasha kwigira imyitwarire[mibi cyangwa myiza] ku bamubyaye n’aho yarerewe.
Byari byarabaye ihame ko inyamaswa zikora ibintu mu buryo buzitunguye, ko zidashobora gucishiriza ngo zishyire mu gaciro kandi ko zidashobora kwibuka ibyaranze abasekuru bazo ngo zibigireho.
Prof Whiten yagize ati: “ Nasanze inyamaswa nazo zigira ku zindi kandi birumvikana kuko zimwe zimarana igihe na za Nyina bityo zikazigiraho.”
Inkende cyane cyane nizo zigaragaramo ubushobozi bwo kwigira kuri za Nyina.
Abahanga bavuga ko icyerekena ko inyamaswa zigana imyitwarire y’izo zikomokaho ari uko inkende cyangwa inguge zo muri iyi minsi zirinda gusenzanya hagati yazo kuko mu myaka myinshi yashize hari izabikoze bikaziviramo gupfa zenda gushira.
Ikindi babonye mu nguge zo muri Zambia ni uko hari imwe muri zo ‘yadukanye umudeli’ wo kwambara akantu ku gutwi bidatinze izindi zirayigana.
Mu itsinda ry’inguge 12, izigera ku icyenda ziganye iriya nguge y’ingore abahanga babatije Julie.
Ubu buvumbuzi buvuze iki ku bahanga?
Prof Whiten avuga ko ibyo baherutse kuvumbura bizatuma hari byinshi abahanga mu binyabuzima bicara bagasuzuma ibyo bari basanzwe bazi ku nyamaswa.
Ikindi bizatuma gihinduka ni uburyo abantu bazifataga, haba mu byanya bikomye cyangwa mu byanya byakozwe n’abantu, bizwi nka Zoo(zoological garden).
Abahanga kandi bari gutekereza ko hagomba kubaho indi science yiga ku nyamaswa yitwa ‘cultural evolution’.
Ni science ngari izaha akazi k’ubucumbuzi abahanga benshi, bakamenya uko inyamaswa ziteye haba ku mubiri no mu bitekerezo.
Inyandiko ikubiyemo ubu bushakashatsi yiswe ‘The burgeoning reach of animal culture’, yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru kitwa Science.
