Mu mwaka wa 2018, mu Rwanda habereye inama mpuzamahanga yafunguwe na Perezida Kagame yatangirijwemo imikorere y’isoko rusange rya Afurika. Kugeza ubu, imwe mu nzitizi zituma ridakora neza mu buryo bwuziye ni ubumenyi budahagije ku mahirwe y’ishoramari ritanga kuri ba rwiyemezamirimo muri rusange.
Iri soko bita Africa Free Trade Area( AfCFTA) ryitezweho kuzaba uburyo bwiza bwo gutuma Afurika itera imbere binyuze mu guhahirana kw’ibihugu bayo, ndetse hashyizweho umwaka ibi bigomba kuba byaragezweho, uwo ni 2063.
Kugira ngo bizagirire Abanyarwanda akamaro, ni ngombwa ko basobanurirwa uburyo bakwitabira imikorere yarwo bahereye ahanini mu gucuruzanya n’ibihugu bikikije u Rwanda bya EAC.
Mu kubibahugurira, hari gahunda yateguwe n’ikigo kitwa Trapca-Rwanda yo gutegurira urubyiruko by’umwihariko n’abandi ba rwiyemezamirimo muri rusange uko bashishikarira kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze mu mishinga mito n’iciriritse (SMEs) ariko igamije gukura ikagera henshi muri Afurika.
Umwe mu bateguye ayo mahugurwa Adeodata Marie Ange avuga ko kumenya amahirwe ari ku isoko rya Afurika bifungurira abantu uburyo bwo kubona icyashara.
Kuri we, ibi bigira akamaro kanini kuko bihuza abagize Afurika, bagacuruzanya kandi bagakomeza umurunga ubahuza nk’abasangiye uyu mugabane.
Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ni ngombwa ko abacuruzi bamenya amategeko agenga ubucuruzi nyambukiranyamipaka, ibyo isoko risaba n’imikorere mu ruhererekane nyongeragaciro mu bicuruzwa nyafurika.
Amos Akandwanaho, umutekinisiye mu by’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga, avuga ko isoko rusange nyafurika ubu byemejwe ko riremwa n’ibihugu 49 byamaze kwemera no gusinya amasezerano agena imikorere yaryo.
Ubusanzwe, Afurika ituwe n’abaturage miliyari1.3 kandi umusaruro mbumbe w’ibihugu bigize uyu mugabane ni Tiriyari $ 3.4.
Ati: “Afurika ifite GDP ya Triyari $3.4, ikagira abaturage miliyari 1.3 z’abaguzi, isoko rya AfCFTA rifite ubushobozi bwo kuzamura ubukungu bwa Afurika no gushyira uyu mugabane ku rwego rukomeye mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.”
Asobanura ko AfCFTA igamije kugabanya buhoro buhoro imisoro ku bicuruzwa (tariffs) n’izindi nzitizi zitari imisoro, guteza imbere urujya n’uruza rw’ibicuruzwa na serivisi.
Abitabiriye amahugurwa babajije niba Afurika ishobora koko kubaka isoko ryihagije aho abaturage bakoresha ibicuruzwa byakorewe imbere ku mugabane, nk’uko bimeze mu bindi bice by’isi bifite ubukungu bukomeye.
Akandwanaho yavuze ko ubushake bwa politiki ari ingenzi cyane mu guhuza ubucuruzi, agaragaza ko iterambere rigaragara mu karere ka Afurika y’Uburasirazuba nko korohereza urujya n’uruza rw’abantu no guhuza pasiporo ari ibimenyetso byerekana ko n’ibindi bishoboka.
Abitabiriye amahugurwa banagaragaje impungenge ku bibazo by’umutekano mucye, ruswa, n’ihagarara ry’ubucuruzi rikunda kugaragara ku mipaka ya Afurika, bibaza uko AfCFTA izubaka icyizere hagati y’ibihugu bihura n’izo mbogamizi.
Mu gusubiza, Akandwanaho yavuze ko aya masezerano arimo uburyo bufatika bwo gukurikirana no gukemura ibibazo binyuze mu gutanga raporo ku nzitizi zitari imisoro (Non-Trade Barriers) n’uburyo bwo gukemura amakimbirane ashobora kubangamira ubwo bucuruzi.
Yongeyeho ko Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) yashyizeho ikigega cyiswe Adjustment Fund kigamije gufasha ibihugu bishobora guhura n’igihombo cy’amafaranga mu gihe bigenda byinjira mu bucuruzi bwisanzuye.
Ku bijyanye n’uko ibigo bito n’ibiciriritse byabyungukiramo, yagaragaje uruhare rw’amasosiyete acuruza mu rwego rwa AfCFTA (AfCFTA Trading Companies), afasha abahinzi n’abakora ibicuruzwa bato kugera ku masoko mpuzamahanga binyuze mu guhuriza hamwe umusaruro wabo.
Yatanze urugero rw’u Rwanda, aho ayo masosiyete afasha abahinzi n’abakora ibicuruzwa bato badafite ubushobozi bwo kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze bonyine, bakabasha kugera ku masoko yo ku mugabane bakoranye.
