Raporo y’abahanga mu micungire y’amashyamba basanzwe bakorera Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rishinzwe ibiribwa, yiswe The State of World’s Forests 2022 ivuga ko u Rwanda ruri mu bihugu bitanu byongereye ubuso bw’amashyamba yabyo bituma n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima biyabamo rusugira.
Ibindi bihugu bishimirwa uyu muhati ni Brazil, El Salvador, Mexique na Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. u Rwanda nicyo gihugu cy’Afurika cyasohotse muri iyi raporo ko cyaguye ubuso buteyeho amashyamba ugereranyije n’uko ibindi byo muri Afurika byabigenje.
Bya bihugu bitanu byavuzwe haruguru[harimo n’u Rwanda] byose hamwe byiyemeje ko bitarenze impera z’umwaka wa 2030 bizaba byarateye ibiti k’ubuso bungana na Hegitari miliyoni 30.7.
U Rwanda hamwe n’ibindi bihugu byavuzwe haruguru, rushimwa ko rushyira amafaranga mu bikorwa byo gutera ibiti hagamijwe kwagura cyangwa kuvugurura amashyamba.
Abakoze iriya raporo bavuga ko hari za Leta zidaha agaciro gutera ibiti zikirengagiza akamaro amababi agirira abantu binyuze mu kuyungurura umwuka bahumeka no gutanga ibibabi byuma bigataga ifumbire y’imborera bita humus.
Ku byerekeye iterwa ry’ibiti, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda iri kwiga uko hakongera guterwa ibiti byahoze ari gakondo mu Rwanda.
Ni ibiti bizwiho guhangana n’ikirere kimeze nabi kandi bikaba isoko y’imiti ya Kinyarwanda.
Muri iki gihe, abahanga b’Abanyarwanda bari gushakisha uko ibyo biti byari bizwiho kwihanganira ubushyuhe n’amapfa byakongera guterwa mu rwego rwo guhangana n’imihagurikire y’ikirere.
Hari amoko 20 y’ibiti bya kimeza yacitse mu Rwanda hakaba hari kwigwa uko yakongera guterwa.
Akandi karusho ni uko ibyo biti bifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura ibyuka bishyushye bisanzwe bihumanya ikirere.
Iyo myuka bayita CO2.
Abita ku bidukikije bavuga ko kongera gutera amashyamba arimo ibiti kimeza kandi bikaba gakondo nyarwanda ari ikintu kigomba gukorwa vuba kigashyirwamo amafaranga kubera ko bizagirira akamaro ibisekuru bizaza.
Iyi ni ingingo yizweho mu nama mpuzamahanga yigaga ku by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere iherutse kubera mu Misiri ahitwa Sharm El Sheikh.
Abahanga 10 mu byo kurinda ibidukikije bo muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda bamaze kwihuza ngo bigire hamwe ubwoko bw’ibiti bumva byakongera guterwa ndetse n’icyo byasaba.
Umwe muri bo yitwa Aloysie Manishimwe.
Ni ubushakashatsi bari kubukorera mu biti bituriye Ishyamba rya Pariki ya Nyungwe, ibiti byo mu ishyamba rya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda bita Alboreturm ndetse n’ibiti by’i Kirehe ahitwa Ibanda Makera, aha hakaba ari ahantu hashyuha.
Byose birakorwa mu rwego rwo kureba niba u Rwanda rwashyiraho urutonde rw’ibiti rubona ko byaterwa ahantu hashyuha bityo bikagira uruhare mu kurengera ikirere cyarwo, ikirere cy’u Rwanda kikaba ahantu hahehereye hashobora no gutuma ibicu bikurura imvura byirema no mu bice bisanzwe bishyuha.
Amashyamba ni byo bihaha by’isi muri rusange.
U Rwanda rufite intego y’uko bitarenze umwaka wa 2030 ruzaba rwagabanyije ibyuka biruhumanyiriza ikirere ku kigero cya 38%.
Si amagambo gusa kubera ko kugeza ubu rubura miliyari $7 ngo rubone miliyari $11 rwiyemeje kuzashyira mu bikorwa byo kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Ruherutse kwakira miliyoni $320 ziyongera ku yandi rusanganywe yo gushyira muri uyu mushinga.
Wa muhanga twavuze harugugu, avuga ko we na bagenzi be baje gusanga mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe habamo ibiti bifite ubushobozi buruta bw’ibiti byo mu ishyamba rya Amazonie mu kubika umwuka uhumanya ikirere, bigasohora umwuka mwiza abantu bahumeka.
Umwuka wa Carbon Dioxide niwo ushinjwa gutuma ikirere gishyuha.
Iyo ibiti bishoboye kuyikurura ari nyinshi, bituma igabanuka mu kirere kandi nabyo bikabona ingufu biwukeneyeho kugira ngo bikure.
Ibi byose binyura mucyo abahanga bita Photosynthèse.
Ishyamba rya Nyungwe ribarirwamo amoko y’ibiti arenga 1,068.
Imibare abahanga bahaye itangazamakuru ivuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 1960 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2007, u Rwanda rwatakaje 64% by’ubuso amashyamba yari aruteyeho.
Ibiti gakondo kandi kimeza mu Rwanda nabyo byabigendeyemo kandi byari bisanzwe bifitiye abaturage akamaro haba mu buvuzi, mu buhinzi ndetse no mu bworozi.
Imibare abahanga b’Abanyarwanda yerekana uko amashyamba yangijwe mu myaka ishize:
Hagati y’umwaka wa 1960 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, ishyamba rya Buhanda ryatakaje 98 %, irya Gishwati ritakaza 93% , irya Mashyuza ritakaza 92%, irya Ibanda-Makera ritakaza 88%, irya Karama ritakaza 67%, irya Dutake ritakaza 65 %, irya Karehe-Gatuntu ritakaza 60%, irya Nyagasenyi ritakaza 58%, irya Akagera ritakaza 58%, irya Mukura ritakaza 54%, irya Sanza ritakaza 51%, irya Mashoza ritakaza 51% n’irya Muvumba ritakaza 46%.
Andi mashyamba yatakaje ubuso by’ibiti ni ishyamba rya Ndoha ryatakaje 26%, irya Kibirizi-Muyira ryatakaje 22%, irya Busaga ryatakaje 16%, irya Nyungwe ryatakaje 10% ndetse n’iry’ibirunga ntiryasigaye.
