U Rwanda ni cyo gihugu rukumbi muri Afurika kiri mu nzira nziza yo gushyira mu bikorwa intego zamerejwe i Malabo (Malabo Declaration) muri Equatorial Guinea, zigamije guteza imbere ubuhinzi kuri uyu mugabane.
Izo ntego zigena icyerekezo cy’ubuhinzi muri Afurika hagati y’umwaka wa 2015 – 2025, binyuze muri gahunda yiswe Framework of the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP).
Mu kureba ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’izi ntego, hakorwa isuzuma buri myaka ibiri. Raporo ziheruka zakozwe mu 2019 na 2017.
Raporo nshya yiswe “3rd CAADP Biennial Review Report” igaragaza ko imyaka ibiri ishize yahuriranye n’ibihe bikomeye by’icyorezo cya COVID-19, cyagize ingaruka ku buzima bw’abantu n’ubukungu harimo n’urwego rw’ubuhinzi.
Ni icyorezo cyahuriranye n’inzige zibasiye ibihugu byo mu ihembe rya Afurika mu 2020, nkongwa mu 2018 na 2019 n’ibibazo by’umutekano nk’iterabwoba muri Sahel.
Raporo nshya igira iti “Mu bihugu 51 binyamuryango byagaragaje intambwe byateye mu gushyira mu bikorwa Malabo Declaration mu igenzura ryo mu 2021 riba buri myaka ibiri, igihugu kimwe rukumbi, u Rwanda, nicyo kiri mu nzira nziza yo kugera ku ntego za CAADP z’i Malabo mu mwaka wa 2025.”
Mu gutanga amanota, ibihugu biri mu nzira nziza (on-track) ni ibifite guhera ku manota 7.28 ku 10, naho ibirimo gutera intambwe (progressive) ni ibifite hagati ya 5 na 7.28.
Umubare w’ibihugu biri mu nzira nziza wagabayutse cyane kuko mu igenzura ryakozwe mu 2019 byari bine.
Gusa mu mwaka ushize ibihugu 24 byashoboye kuzamura amanota yabyo, mu gihe 19 biri mu cyiciro cy’ibirimo gutera itambwe, ibintu ngo bitanga icyizere.
Amanota ahagaze ate?
Mu igenzura, harebwe ingingo zirindwi zibumbatiye ibikorwa biteganywa muri Malabo Declaration, hagenda hatangwa amanota ku 10.
Mu ngingo enye ni ho u Rwanda ruza mu bihugu biri mu nzira nziza.
Iya mbere yasuzumwe ni ijyanye no kubahiriza amahame ya CAADP (Commitment to CAADP Process) 100%. Ibihugu byabigezeho ni 3, u Rwanda, Tanzania na Zimbabwe bifitemo amanota 10.0 ku icumi.
Iya kabiri ni ukongera ishoramari mu buhinzi. Mu gihe mu 2019 nta gihugu cyari mu nzira nziza, ubu harimo Seychelles (8.87), Misiri (8.56), Eswatini (8.54) na Zambia (8.07).
U Rwanda hano rwagize amanota 6.86 mu gihe inota fatizo ryari 7.50, ruza mu bihugu bitari mu nzira nziza.
Muri iyi ngingo hanateganywamo ko nibura 10% by’ingengo y’imari y’igihugu ishorwa mu buhinzi, ariko ibihugu byabishoboye ni bine: u Burundi, Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, Ethiopia na Mali.
Ingingo ya gatatu yarebwe yari ukurandura inzara muri Afurika bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.
Igihugu kimwe rukumbi kiri mu nzira nziza ni Kenya yagize amanota 6.40, mu gihe amanota fatizo yari 6.32.
Ibihugu biza hafi aho ni u Rwanda (5.43), Uganda (4.99), Zimbabwe (4.97), Gambia (4.90), Angola (4.46) na Ethiopia (4.62).
Ingingo ya kane ni ukugabanya ubukene nibura ho kimwe cya kabiri kugeza mu 2025. Inota fatizo ryari 5.81 ku 10.
Mu bihugu 51, icyenda biri mu nzira nziza birimo bitatu byajemo muri raporo eshatu ziheruka, ni ukuvuga Ghana (8.24), Mali (6.11) n’u Rwanda (6.95).
Ibindi byinjiye muri iki cyiciro ni Morocco (7.52), Tanzania (6.31), Misiri (6.20), Burkina Faso (5.90), Nigeria (5.96) na Tunisia (5.88).
Ingigo ya gatanu yarebwe ni ukongera ubuhahirane hagati y’ibihugu bya Afurika mu bikomoka ku buhinzi na serivisi.
Ibihugu biri mu nzira nziza mu 2021 ni bitanu, Senegal (7.70), Nigeria (6.52), Sierra Leone (6.13), Botswana (5.06) na Djibouti, mu gihe mu 2019 byari ibihugu 29.
U Rwanda rwagize amanota 3.18 ku 10, mu gihe inota fatizo ryari 5.00.
Ingingo ya gatandatu ni ukubaka ubuhinzi bwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Ibihugu bine bya Morocco (10.00), u Rwanda (9.70), Cabo Verde (9.47) n’u Burundi (8.44) byakomeje kuba mu nzira nziza muri raporo eshatu ziheruka.
Hiyongeraho Mali (10.00), Ghana (9.69), Gambia (9.64), Lesotho (9.62), Ethiopia (8.90), Zimbabwe (8.76), Misiri (8.60), Cameroon (8.43), Namibia (8.33), Seychelles (8.33) na Malawi (8.09).
Inota fatizo ryari 8.00.
Ingingo ya karindwi ijyanye no guhuza ibikorwa bigamije umusaruro (Mutual Accountability for Actions and Results).
U Rwanda (9.87) ruza mu bihugu biri mu nzira nziza hamwe na Mali (9.95), Ethiopia (9.93), Morocco (9.80), Mauritania (9.40), Tanzania (9.39), Tunisia (9.35), Senegal (9.25), Ghana (9.07), Botswana (8.66) na Afurika y’Epfo (8.42).
Inota fatizo muri iki cyiciro ryari 8.33.
Bakoze impuzandengo, u Rwanda rwaje ku mwanya wa mbere muri Afurika n’amanota 7.43 ku 10. Nta kindi gihugu cyabashije kugera ku inota fatizo rya 7.28.
Ibyo bigatuma impuzandengo y’umugabane wose iba amanota 4.32, bityo hakemezwa ko utari mu nzira nziza zo kugera ku ntego ziteganywa muri Malabo Declaration.
Iyi raporo yasabye u Rwanda kongera imbaraga mu buhinzi hagamijwe kurandura imirire mibi no kugwingira, by’umwihariko mu bana batarengeje imyaka itanu.
Guverinoma kandi yasabwe kongera imbaraga mu kuboneza imirire by’umwihariko mu bagore, no gusangiza ibindi bihugu ubumenyi n’ubunararibonye ku ntambwe rwateye.
Komiseri muri Komisiyo y’Ubumwe bwa Afurika (AU) Ushinzwe Ubuhinzi, Iterambere ry’icyaro n’ubukungu butangiza ibidukikije, Amb. Josefa Sacko, yavuze ko icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyagize ingaruka ku buryo ibihugu byitwaye.
Isesengura ry’umwaka wa 2021 ryashingiye kuri raporo zatanzwe n’ibihugu 51 muri 55 bigize Afurika yunze Ubumwe (AU), mu gihe mu 2019 byari 49, naho mu 2017 byari 43.
Ibihugu bitatanze raporo cyangwa byazitanze nabi ni Mauritius, Sahrawi, Sao Tome and Principe na Somalia.
U Rwanda rwagenewe igihembo nk’igihugu cya mbere muri Afurika, cyiswe The Malabo Biennial Review Gold Award.
Ku mwanya wa kabiri haza Morocco yagize amanota 6.89, ku wa gatatu hakaza Mali yagize amanota 6.66.
