Uburayi buri kwinjira mu cyiciro gikomeye mu bijyanye no kwirinda no kurinda umutekano wabwo, aho ibihugu bigize uyu mugabane biri kwihutisha gahunda zo kuvugurura igisirikare cyabyo.
Ibi biterwa n’uko umutekano w’isi muri iki gihe no mu gihe kizaza uri kurushaho kugorana, bitewe n’izamuka ry’ubushyamirane hagati y’ibihugu bigakururira isi ibyago bitandukanye.
Kuva ku ikoranabuhanga rigezweho nka AI (ubwenge buhangano), imashini zikoresha ubwazo (autonomous systems), ndetse n’ikoranabuhanga mu gukora intwaro bita ‘quantum’, kugeza k’ubushobozi bw’inganda n’ivugururwa ry’uburyo bwo kugura ibikoresho bya gisirikare, ubu ibiganiro byinshi biri kwibanda ku buryo u Burayi bushobora guhuza ubushobozi n’ibikenewe mu ntambara z’iki gihe.
Abayobozi mu bya gisirikare baherutse guhurira mu nama ya Munich Security Conference baganira ku ivugururwa ry’ingabo z’ibi bihugu muri iki gihe isi iri kuva mu ikoranabuhanga risanzwe, ahubwo ikibanza ku rikoresha ubwenge buhangano.
Muri abo bayobozi harimo Alex Panas wo muri McKinsey & Company, wagaragaje ko ikoranabuhanga rifite uruhare runini mu igenamigambi rya gisirikare.
Ati: “Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga n’umutekano kuva na kera na kare byahoraga bifitanye isano, ariko muri iki gihe, icyihuta cyane ni umuvuduko w’iryo terambere.”
Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere, ikibazo gikomeye ni uko u Burayi bugomba kwerekana ko bushobora gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bwiyemeje.
Amafaranga azongerwa ndetse n’ubushake bwa politiki ntibuzabura.
Icyakora hazabaho ikibazo cy’uko inzego za gisirikare n’umutekano n’inganda bitazashora kugendera kuri uwo muvuduko ushakwa n’abanyapolitiki.
1.Kwiyongera kw’ingengo y’imari ya gisirikare: amateka mashya asaba kwihuta mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa
Uburayi buri gukoresha amafaranga menshi cyane mu bya gisirikare kurusha mbere hose.
Mu nama za NATO, ibihugu byiyemeje gukoresha mu by’umutekano nibura 2% by’umusaruro mbumbe kandi biteganyijwe ko mu mwaka wa 2030 ayo mafaranga azagera hafi ya miliyari €800 ku mwaka — bikubye kabiri ayo mu mwaka wa 2019.
Ariko kuba hari amafaranga menshi ntibihagije.
Ikibazo nyamukuru ni umuvuduko ibyo bizakorerwaho kugira ngo hatagira uruhande rukererwa.
Ni ukuvuga uko inganda n’ikoranabuhanga bishyira mu bikorwa ibikenewe mu buryo bwihuse kandi Leta zigomba gukurikirana neza ikoreshwa ryayo mu kubaka inganda, kubona abakozi bafite ubumenyi, gukoresha ibikoresho bigezweho no kubaka imiyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga yizewe.
Ikindi kandi, uko amafaranga yiyongera, ni ko n’ikoranabuhanga rigomba guhinduka vuba hashingiwe ku mimerere igezweho mu gihe runaka.
Ibi bisaba ko ubushobozi bwa gisirikare buboneka mu gihe gito kurushaho hirindwa ko umwanzi yahabwa uburyo bwo gutera intambwe yatuma arenga ku ntera abamwitegura bateye.
Kera gahunda zo kuvugurura igisikare zafata igihe ariko ubu siko bikimeze. Iyo gushyira mu bikorwa bitinze, ibikoresho bishobora gusaza bitaranakoreshwa neza.
2.Gukemura ikibazo cyo kudahuza sisitemu
Ikibazo gikomeye mu bya gisirikare muri iki gihe si ukubura ikoranabuhanga, ahubwo ni uburyo rikorana n’ibindi birishamikiyeho.
Mu Burayi no mu bihugu bya NATO, hari gushorwa amafaranga mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ubwenge buhangano n’imashini zikora ubwazo, ndetse no mu bikoresho bishya bya gisirikare. Ariko iyo nta miyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga ibihuza, ayo mafaranga ashobora kutagira umusaruro.
Uyu munsi, sisitemu nyinshi zubatswe ku buryo ‘zidakorana’ neza: ibyo software, sensors n’ibikoresho bifatika ntibivugana neza.
Politico yanditse ko Alexis Panas, umwe mu bahanga mu bya politiki za gisirikare avuga ko ibi bituma habaho icyuho cyitwa “integration gap,” kigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukoresha neza ibyo bikoresho.
Igisubizo ni ugukoresha sisitemu zoroshye guhindura (modular) kandi zishobora gukorana (interoperable), ku buryo zishobora kongerwamo ibishya aho gusimbuzwa burundu. Ibi byafasha kwihutisha udushya no gukoresha neza ikoranabuhanga mu nzego zitandukanye.
Nanone, ibikoresho byinshi bishaje ntibifite ubushobozi buhagije mu kubika no gutunganya amakuru cyangwa imiyoboro ihamye, bikaba bibangamira ikoreshwa ry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho.
3.Tiriyari €1: guhindura uburyo bwo kugura ibikoresho
Biteganyijwe ko u Burayi buzashora arenga Tiriyari €1 ( ni ukuvuga Miliyari 1,000) mu kuvugurura igisirikare, ibi bikazageza mu mwaka wa 2030. Ariko kugira ngo bizagerweho bizaterwa n’uko uburyo bwo kugura ibikoresho buhinduka.
Ubusanzwe, uburyo bwo kugura bwari bugenewe gukora ibintu buhoro buhoro, byitondewe, ariko ibihe by’ubu birihuta cyane.
Nk’uko Panas yabivuze, ibintu bitangira bigenda buhoro ariko bikaza kwihuta cyane nyuma.
Ibi bisobanuye ko ingamba z’u Burayi mu bya gisirikare zigomba kureba ku bintu byinshi icyarimwe: politiki mpuzamahanga, inganda n’ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga.
Iyo uburyo bwo kugura butinze kandi bugacikagurika, bishobora gutuma amafaranga menshi ashobora gukoreshwa mu kugura ibikoresho bisaza mbere y’uko binakoreshwa.
Muri iki gihe isi iri ku muvuduko uri hejuru mu by’ikoranabuhanga risanzwe ndetse no mu rikoresha ubwenge buhangano, gutegereza imyaka myinshi ntibikijyanye n’igihe.
Igihe Uburayi burimo muri iki gihe ntigisanzwe kuko gisaba ko bwihuta haba mu gukusanya amafaranga, kumenya ikoranabuhanga buyashoramo no kureba niba ari ryo rizaramba koko.
Aho Uburusiya butereye Ukraine mu mwaka wa 2022, Uburayi bwose bwahise bukanguka, bubona ko budakwiye gukomeza kwizera ko ibintu buzahora uko byahoze.
Ikindi, nk’Uko Pereza w’Ubufaransa Emmanuel Macron aherutse kubivugira mu Bugereki, Amerika ntikiri umufatanyabikorwa mwiza mu by’umutekano w’Uburayi bityo rero igihe kirageze ngo uwahekwaga yigenze.
