Itsinda ry’abahanga mu binyabuzima ryatangaje ko 80% y’amoko y’ibinyabuzima ataravumburwa kandi ko igiteye impungenge ari uko hari menshi muri yo azacika ku isi atavumbuwe kubera ibikorwa by’abantu biyibasira.
Aba bahanga bo muri Kaminuza ya Yale iri muri Leta ya Connecticut, USA n’indi yo muri Brésil basohoye ikarita y’isi yerekana aho bakeka ko hari amoko menshi y’ibinyabuzima byiganjemo ibito mu bunini ( micro-organismes) ataravumburwa kandi ashobora gucika kubera kwangiza indiri zayo haba mu mashyamba y’inzitane, hasi mu Nyanja ngari n’ahandi.
Bameza ko kugeza ubu amoko y’ibinyabuzima yavumbuwe ari hagati ya 10% na 20% .
Gushyuha kw’ikirere( réchauffement climatique/global warming) kwatumye habaho imihindagurikire y’ibihe( changement climatique/ climate change) ibi nabyo bituma hari amoko y’ibinyabuzima apfa kubera kuba mu mimerere adashobora kwihanganire( extinction des espèces animales/animal species extinction).
Ubwoko bw’ibinyabuzima bumaze gucika cyangwa buri mu nzira zo gucika ‘bubarirwa muri miliyoni.’
Umwe mu bahanga banditse raporo ubushakashatsi twavuze haruguru witwa Prof Walter Jetz avuga ko nta gushidikanya ko hari amoko y’ibinyabuzima ataravumburwa kandi ashobora gucika ku isi atavumbuwe.
Ati: “ Mbabazwa n’uko dufite ubumenyi buke ku moko y’ibinyabuzima tumaze kuvumbura kugeza ubu ndetse tukagira bucye cyane ku bindi byinshi cyane tutaravumbura. Ibisekuru bizadusimbura bifite akazi kenshi ko kuziba iki cyuho.”
Ubushakashatsi bagezeho buzafasha abahanga kubona ko bafite akazi kenshi, bibe byakangura ubwonko bwabo batangire gushaka uko barinda biriya binyabuzima bityo babone n’uburyo bwo kubikoraho ubushakashatsi bugamije kubimenya no kubirinda.
Undi muhanga wo muri Kaminuza ya Paraiba witwa Professeur Pario Moura ukomoka muri Brésil avuga ko ibinyabuzima bitaravumburwa bigize igice kinini cyo kwitabwaho kandi bisaba ko abantu babikangukira.
Kugira ngo abahanga bashobore gukora ikigereranyo cy’amoko y’ibinyabuzima ataravumburwa babishingiye ku isesengura ry’inyamaswa z’ibingorongoro(les vertèbres) ziri mu moko 32, 000 zamaze kuvumburwa kugeza ubu.
Imibare yabo yasanze hari andi moko y’inyamaswa z’ibingorongoro 290,000 ataravumburwa.
Ku rundi ruhande aba bahanga basanze hari amoko y’ibinyabuzima bito cyane kandi menshi cyane ataravumburwa kugeza ubu kubera ko aho atuye ari ahantu abantu bataragera.
Kuba abantu bataragera aho ibyo binyabuzima bituye biri mu mpamvu batazi akamaro kabyo bityo bakabyicira ejo hazaza binyuze mu kwangiza ikirere kandi aricyo gihe ibyo binyabuzima uburyo bwo kubaho.
Moura yagize ati: “ Amahirwe y’uko biriya binyabuzima tuzabivumbura ntabwo angana kuri buri bwoko muri byo. Hari ibizacika tutamenye iby’ayo!”
Ikindi avuga ni uko igihe ingero z’amataliki inyamaswa runaka zavumburiweho zerekana ko uko abantu batinda kuzimvura ari nako ibyago by’uko zazacika ku isi zitavumbuwe, byiyongera.
Atanga urugero rw’ubwoko bw’igikeri kitwa Brachycephalus guarani bwavumbuwe muri 2012 ariko kugeza ubu hasigaye bike.
Ikindi gishamikiye kuri iyi ngingo ni uko kuba buriya bwoko bw’igikeri bwaramvumbuwe vuba aha byerekana ko ubushakashatsi buramutse bukomeje bwazavumbura andi moko menshi y’intubutubu( Les Amphibiens, Amphibians).
Ubwoko bwa kiriya gikeri bwavumbuwe muri Brésil.
Abahanga kandi bemeza ko amoko menshi y’inyamaswa ataravumburwa yiganje muri Brésil, Madagsacar, Colombie, Indonésie n’ahandi cyane cyane muri Amerika y’Amajyepfo no muri Aziya mu ruhererekane rw’imisozi rwa Himalaya.
Si abahanga benshi bashishikazwa no gushakisha amoko mashya y’ibinyabuzima…
Indi mpamvu ikomeye ituma abantu batamenya ibindi binyabuzima baturanye nabyo kuri uyu mubumbe ni uko abashishikazwa no kubishakashaka bakabivumbura( taxonomists) ari bake.
Abantu muri rusange bashishikazwa no kuvumbura ibintu byoroshye kubona kurusha gucukumbura bakavumbura ibigoye kubona, byihishe kure kandi habi cyane.
Kugira ngo ayo moko avumburwe bisaba ubundi bwitange!
Uko bimeze kose ariko, birakwiriye ko abantu bashakisha bakamenya ibindi binyabuzima bibakikije kugira ngo bamenye uko babana nabyo ku nyungu zabo n’iz’ibyo binyabuzima.
Abahanga barateganya kuzahurira hamwe na bagenzi babo mu kiswe Global Biodiversity Framework( Uburyo bushya mpuzamahanga Bwo Kurengera Urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima) bakaganira uko amasezerano mpuzamahanga yo kwita kuri ruriya rusobe yakongerwamo imbaraga.
Ni amasezerano yiswe Convention of Biological Diversity.
Aya masezerano yasinywe hagati y’itariki 05, Kamena, 1992 n’itariki 04, Kamena, 1993 ariko atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa tariki 29, Ukuboza, 1993.
Yasinyiwe muri Brésil( Rio de Janeiro) no muri USA ( New York).
Yanditse mu ndimi esheshatu arizo Igifaransa, Icyongereza, Igishinwa, Ikirusiya, Icyarabu n’Icyesipanyole.
Mu magambo avunaguye,abahanga basanze ubumenyi bwabo ari buke ku binyabuzima biri kuri uyu mubumbe.
Basanze bagomba kongera imbaraga mu kumenya andi moko y’inyamaswa, ibimera, ndetse n’ibindi binyabuzima batari ibingorongoro( Espèces Invértèbres) biri ku isi.
Ikarita yerekana aho ubushakashatsi kuri iyi ngingo bugomba kwibanda yatangajwe mu kinyamakuru cya Sciènce kitwa Nature Ecology & Evolution.
