Sanae Takaichi ni we mugore wa mbere uyoboye Ubuyapani nyuma y’imyaka myinshi buyobowe n’abagabo bakuze. Afite umugambi wo kuvugurura Itegeko nshinga ry’igihugu rikareka gutuma igihugu kiba icy’amahoro gusa ahubwo akakigira igihangange mu bya gisirikare.
Ashyigikiye ko Leta igira uruhare runini mu bukungu kandi ikongera amafaranga ishoramo kugira ngo iterambere ryihute.
Ni umunyapolitiki udahisha ibitekerezo bye, kandi ushyigikira amategeko akomeye agenga abimukira.
Nyuma yo gutsinda amatora ku buryo budasanzwe mu cyumweru gishize, byatumye arushaho kongera imbaraga afite mu buyobozi.
Yahamagaje amatora atunguranye, maze ishyaka rye ritsindira imyanya 316 kuri 465 mu Nteko ishinga amategeko— ari nawo mubare munini w’imyanya iryo shyaka ryigeze ribona kuva ryashingwa mu mwaka wa 1955.
Ubuyapani bumaze imyaka myinshi buhanganye n’ikibazo cyo kudatera imbere nk’uko bikwiye, bitewe no gutakaza agaciro ku ifaranga, guhagarara kw’imishahara, kugabanuka kw’abaturage kuko abenshi bashaje no gutakaza icyizere ku ruhare rw’igihugu mu isi.
Takaichi yatsinze atanga ubutumwa bw’icyizere n’icyerekezo cy’ejo hazaza heza. Yashoboye gukangurira abatora kwizera ko umuyobozi wabo ukora cyane ashobora kuzana impinduka nshya.
Intsinzi ikomeye yamuhaye ububasha busesuye bwo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda nini z’ivugurura mu bukungu no mu mutekano, zishobora guhindura Ubuyapani — igihugu cya kane ku isi mu bukungu kandi umufatanyabikorwa wa mbere wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika muri Aziya.
Intangiriro ye ku buyobozi
Takaichi, umunyapolitiki umaze igihe, yatorewe kuyobora ishyaka rya LDP no kuba Minisitiri w’Intebe mu Ukwakira, 2025.
Igihe yahamagazaga amatora atunguranye muri Mutarama, yari afitiwe icyizere cy’abaturage kingana hafi na 70%.
Nubwo yari amaze amezi atatu gusa ku butegetsi, nta bikorwa byinshi yari yakwifashisha mu kwiyamamaza. Icyakora, yari afite isura nziza yubatswe neza mu itangazamakuru, akaba yarakurikije urugero rw’umujyanama we Shinzo Abe wishwe mu mwaka wa 2022.
Mu byumweru bye bya mbere ku butegetsi, yagize ibikorwa byinshi: yitabiriye inama mpuzamahanga, yakiriye Perezida Donald Trump mu Buyapani, atangaza politiki zitandukanye, ndetse anashyiraho ingengo y’imari y’inyongera yari igenewe gushimisha abatora.
Ibiciro by’ibiribwa n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byari byazamutse cyane, bigora imiryango myinshi. Takaichi yatanze inkunga y’amafaranga ku miryango, agabanya imisoro kuri lisansi, atanga inkunga ku mashanyarazi no ku muceri, kandi arwanya izamuka ry’ibiciro — ikibazo cyari gihangayikishije benshi.
Amatora atunguranye yafashwe nk’umuhate wo kwirinda ibibazo by’ubukungu no kugabanya icyizere kw’abaturage. Abatavuga rumwe na we ntibari biteguye.
Ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na Leta (Centrist Reform Alliance) ryatsinzwe bikomeye, kimwe n’andi mashyaka yo hagati n’ay’ibumoso.
Ibibazo by’ubukungu
Takaichi yatangiye manda ye ashyira imbere uburyo bushya bwa “Abenomics” — politiki ishingiye ku gukoresha amafaranga menshi ya Leta binyuze mu madeni.
Umwenda wa Leta wari umaze kugera hafi kuri tiriyoni 9 z’amadolari, bingana na 240% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP). Ingengo y’imari y’inyongera yo mu mwaka wa 2025 yaterwaga inkunga n’inguzanyo ku kigero cya 40%, bituma umwenda urushaho kuzamuka.
Isoko ry’imari ryagize impungenge: inyungu ku mpapuro mpeshwamwenda (bonds) zarazamutse, ifaranga ry’iyeni rikoreshwa mu Buyapani riragabanuka.
Abaturage basanzwe babibonye mu izamuka ry’inyungu ku nguzanyo z’inzu no kuzamuka kw’ibiciro by’ibitumizwa mu mahanga.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, Minisitiri w’Intebe ntiyagaragaje ubushake bwo kugabanya amafaranga Leta ikoresha. Yiyemeje kugabanya imisoro ku biribwa no gushora imari mu nganda 17 z’ingenzi, yizeza ko bizongera kuzahura ubukungu.
Ariko hari impungenge ku buryo bizaterwa inkunga, n’ingaruka ku hazaza h’igihugu gifite abaturage bakuze cyane, aho amafaranga menshi y’ingengo y’imari ajya mu kwita ku buzima no mu pansiyo.
Politiki y’umutekano n’umubano n’u Bushinwa
Inzozi za Shinzo Abe zari ukubona Ubuyapani busubira ku mwanya w’igihugu gifite ingabo zikomeye. Takaichi, umuyoboke we wizewe, ashaka gukomeza uwo murage.
Yiyemeje kongera cyane ingengo y’imari y’ingabo no kubaka igisirikare gishobora gukumira iterabwoba ry’u Bushinwa ku birwa by’Ubuyapani.
Ashobora no kugerageza guhindura Ingingo ya 9 y’Itegeko Nshinga ibuza Ubuyapani kugira igisirikare gisanzwe no kujya mu ntambara — ariko bisaba ubwiganze bukomeye mu Nteko no mu itora rusange.
Imvugo ye ikomeye ku Bushinwa yamwongereye icyizere mu baturage, ariko yanateje ubushyamirane na Beijing.
Mu mubano na Amerika ubu ategerejwe i Washington guhura na Donald Trump. Yitezweho gushimangira ko Ubuyapani ari umufatanyabikorwa w’ingenzi wa Amerika muri Aziya, cyane cyane mu by’umutekano.
Ibibazo by’amateka n’umubano mu karere
Nyuma yo gutsinda, Takaichi yatangaje ko ashobora gusura urwibutso rwa Yasukuni i Tokyo, ahashyinguye abasirikare bapfuye mu ntambara, harimo n’abakatiwe nk’abanyabyaha b’intambara bo ku rwego rwa mbere.
Time Magazine yanditse ko ibyo bishobora kuzarakaza u Bushinwa na Koreya y’Epfo, aho bafata urwo rwibutso nk’ikimenyetso cy’uko Ubuyapani buticuza ibyaha byakozwe mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi.
Ibi bigaragaza ko nubwo yatsinze, Takaichi agifite inzira igoye imbere ye — guhuza politiki y’imbere mu gihugu, ibibazo by’ubukungu, n’umubano w’amahanga mu karere gafite amateka atoroshye.
