Ibi ntibyabaye ku bw’ impanuka, ahubwo byari igikorwa cyateguwe neza, buri konti yaratoranyijwe mbere kandi uburyo bwo kohereza amafaranga aho bari bagennye bwari buteguye neza.
Mu gihe iperereza rikomeje kugaragaza uko ubu bujura bw’ikoranabuhanga bufatwa nk’ubukomeye mu mateka aheruka ya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, biragaragara ko butari ubujura basanzwe bukorwa n’abantu babonetse bose.
Byakozwe n’itsinda ry’abanyabyaha bafite gahunda ihamye, ryize neza aho ryagombaga kwibasira, rigerageza intege nke z’aho buhoro buhoro, kandi rikanategura uburyo bwo gutoroka ntawe umenye ikirari cy’aho ababikoze barengeye.
Imiterere y’itsinda ry’abanyabyaha
Ku mutwe w’iri tsinda, hari umugabo wo muri Nigeria uba muri Canada bise “HK” akaba ari nawe bwonko bwatekereje umugambi, awushyira mu bikorwa abinyujije mu bandi.
Yategetse ko badakoresha mudasobwa zisanzwe, ahubwo ngo bakoreshe udukoresho tw’ikoranabuhanga bita Raspberry Pi — duto cyane, duhendutse kandi tworoshye kwihisha imikorere ya za banki no kwinjiramo.
Muri Kenya ho, hari undi witwa “Carmen”, ufatwa nk’umuyobozi wa kabiri muri uwo mugambi, naho uwa gatatu ni Umunya-Uganda witwa “Daglous”.
Mu rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga hari umuhanga witwa Enock Mpanga ukekwaho ko ari we wari ushinzwe ibya tekiniki ngo uwo mugambi ugerweho.
Enock Mpanga ni we ukekwaho cyane kuba yarateguye igice cya tekiniki cy’ubu bujura, kandi ibimenyetso bya byabonetse ku bikoresho bye byerekana ko wari umushinga wateguwe neza wo kwinjira mu miyoboro ya sosiyete.
Mudasobwa ye yatangiye gukoreshwa ku wa 4, Nzeri, 2025 — amezi arenga atanu mbere y’uko ubujura butangira.
Kuva ku ntangiriro, yashyizeho igihe mudasobwa ye yagombaga gukoreraho ibyo byose (timezone) cya Afurika y’Uburasirazuba, kandi abashakashatsi babonye ko ashobora kuba yarakoreshaga Tor Browser kugira ngo akore ibikorwa bye mu ibanga.
Tor ni uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga abantu bukoresha bandika ibyo bashaka kuri murandasi ariko bukozwe ku buryo ibyanditswe bidapfa kumenywa n’uwo ari we wese.
Ku wa 4 Mutarama 2026, Enock yari amaze gutangira kuvugana na bagenzi be bakoresheje Signal, abaza niba “abantu ba Equity biteguye neza”, ategereje ko ibikoresho bya Raspberry Pi bigera aho biri ngo abyohereze ku “wundi muntu”.
Yavugaga ko hari ibisabwa kubanza gushyirwaho mbere yo gutangira igikorwa.
Inyandiko z’ibyaguzwe zabonetse kuri laptop ye zigaragaza gahunda nini kandi yatekerejweho neza.
Tariki ya 2 Gashyantare 2026, yatanze itegeko ryo kugura ibikoresho 35 bya Raspberry Pi 5 n’ibindi bijyana nabyo.
Amakuru y’uburyo bw’ubwishyu agaragaza izina rya Hillsborough County Schools muri Tampa, Florida — byakoreshejwe nk’urwitwazo rw’inzego ngo ajijishe (institutional cover).
Uwahawe ibikoresho ni Simon Lubwama, Umunya-Uganda, kandi kopi ya pasiporo ye na yo yabonetse kuri iyo laptop.
Indi nyandiko yo ku wa 31 Mutarama igaragaza ko hari ibindi 35 byatumijwe.
Hari n’indi ‘order’ ya gatatu yaturutse muri PiShop US, ifite umutwe ugira uti “thank you SIMON”, igaragaza ibindi bintu 35 bya Raspberry Pi 5 ifite RAM ya 16GB nabyo yatumije.
Muri rusange, ibikoresho birenga 100 bya mudasobwa ntoya byatumijwe mu byiciro, bikoresheje amazina y’ibigo, byose byoherezwa ku munya-Uganda uba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Ibyo bikoresho bya Raspberry Pi biza bidafite sisitemu (operating system), ku buryo uyikoresha ari we uyishyiraho.
Kuri laptop ya Enock, abashakashatsi basanze harimo Kali Linux verisiyo ya 2025.3 — ikoreshwa n’abasuzuma umutekano wa sisitemu, ariko nanone igakoreshwa n’abashaka kwinjira mu miyoboro mu buryo butemewe.
Basanze kandi na Rufus, ikoreshwa mu gushyira sisitemu kuri flash cyangwa ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga.
Gahunda yari iyo gushyira Kali Linux kuri Raspberry Pi, kuyihuza n’imiyoboro ya banki, hanyuma bakinjira bucece muri sisitemu ya CogePay.
Hari n’umukozi wo muri Equity Bank Rwanda wavuganye na KDDD kugira ngo amenye niba icyo gikoresho cyashobora kurenga uburyo bwa Cisco bwo kugenzura imiyoboro, Enock yasubije yizeye ko nta kibazo kizabaho.
Ubutumwa bwa Signal bwerekana ko Enock yavuganaga n’abantu bakoreshaga amagambo y’ibanga nka “Equity en 211” — byaje kumenyekana ko bivuga Centenary Bank, bigaragaza ko gahunda yari ifite n’indi migambi yo kwaguka mu bindi bihugu.
Hari n’ibiganiro byavugaga k’u Rwanda no gushaka konti nyinshi muri Zambia, bigaragaza ko iri tsinda ryatekerezaga ku rwego rw’akarere kuva kera.
Enock yagaragaje ko azi neza kurinda mu bikorwa bye:
Yasibye amakuru ya browser ku wa 18, Gashyantare no ku wa 26 Gashyantare gusa ntibyasibamye uko byakabaye.
Kuri desktop ye, habonetse dosiye yitwaga izina risa n’urubuga rwemewe rwa Equity Online.
Muri yo harimo amazina n’amagambo y’ibanga (login), nimero y’ikarita, CVV by’uwitwa Eric Ikorukwishaka.
Hari kandi na raporo yuzuye ya konti ye yakuweho saa 4:02 za mu gitondo.
Ibi byerekana ko habayeho kwinjira mu buryo buhanitse cyane cyangwa ubufatanye n’uwo mukiliya.
Amateka ya Enock n’ubutabera nayo arazwi.
Ubutumwa bwa WhatsApp bwo mu 2018 bwerekana ko mudasobwa ye yigeze gufatirwa na polisi ya Wandegeya i Kampala muri Uganda, ndetse yari afite imanza eshatu mu nkiko.
Hari n’inkuru y’itangazamakuru ku cyaha cyo kunyereza imisoro yari yarabitswe kuri iyo laptop.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko atari ubwa mbere ahuye n’inzego z’iperereza.
Yaguze udukoresho turenga 100 twa Raspberry Pi yakoresheje muri sisitemu ya Kali Linux ikoreshwa mu gusuzuma no kwinjira mu miyoboro iba isanzwe irinzwe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga, kandi uyu yari afite amakuru afatika kuri za konti z’abakiliya bibiwe muri uwo mugambi.
Ibi byerekana ko gahunda yari yarateguwe amezi menshi mbere y’uko umugambi nyawo utangizwa.
Solomon Mugisha: Umuhuzabikorwa
Solomon Mugisha ni we wayoboraga itumanaho ry’iri tsinda. Mu nyandiko z’ibiganiro (chat logs), agaragara ku izina rya “KDDD” — iri zina rikaba rigaragara kenshi mu butumwa bwo kuri Signal bwabonetse ku bikoresho bya Enock ndetse no kuri telefoni ya Solomon bwite ya iPhone 15 Pro Max.
Ku wa 11, Gashyantare 2026, Solomon yohereje urutonde rw’imiyoboro (web hosts) muri dosiye yitwaga ECW-20hosts.xlsx ku muntu wakoresha izina rya “katempalexis”, amusaba gusuzuma niba hari uburyo bwo kwinjira muri sisitemu (network mapping) cyangwa kureba aho bashobora kugera kuri web API.
Ku wa 14 Gashyantare, igihe igikorwa cyatangiraga, Solomon yakiriye ubutumwa buvuga kuri IP ebyiri zo mu rwego rwa banki:
172.31.21.206
172.31.27.133
Yafashe ‘screenshot’ y’ubu butumwa abwoherereza “Jose Lopez”, na we wemeje ko bashobora kuzigeraho.
Nyuma, Jose Lopez yavuze ko yabonye imiyoboro myinshi ariko ntacyo yamaze — uburyo bwo kugera kuri web API ya CogePay ntibwabashije kugerwaho n’iryo tsinda.
Ariko itsinda rya Enock Mpanga ryo ryari ryamaze kwinjira muri sisitemu binyuze mu yindi nzira.
Ku wa 15, Gashyantare, Solomon yatangiye gushyira igitutu kuri Enock, amubwirira kuri Signal gukora “kimachini” kugira ngo amafaranga atangire kugenda.
Yaramubwiraga ati “ihute,” anavuga ko yari amaze kubwira undi muntu ko konti zizoherezwaho amafaranga (beneficiaries) zamaze kuboneka.
Enock yasabye kwihangana gato, ariko Solomon asubiza ko bagomba gukomeza gushaka amafaranga byihuse.
Mu mibare ya konti Solomon yoherezagaho amafaranga harimo 4007211347993, ya Nziza Julius, iri hafi y’umupaka wa Mirama Hills border post mu Karere ka Ntungamo muri Uganda.
Mu butumwa bwe yavuze ko “bitazabasha gukurikiranwa” — nubwo yemeraga ko harimo ibyago.
Umupaka ni wo wari inzira yo gusohora amafaranga.
Iyo yageraga muri Uganda, kuyakurikirana byahindukaga ikibazo gikomeye.
Telefoni ya Solomon yari irimo n’amashusho y’ama konti y’amafaranga y’ikoranabuhanga (crypto wallets).
Harimo:
6,800 USDT yoherejwe ku wa 11 Ukuboza,
17,500 USDT ku wa 12 Ukuboza,
13,980 USDT n’igikorwa cya Bitcoin cyo ku wa 16 Ukuboza,2025.
Izi konti zari zifite ibikorwa bike cyane byazikoreweho — bigaragaza ko zari zarateguwe mbere, zitegereje kwakira amafaranga menshi azahanyuzwa mu buryo bwo kuyahisha (money laundering).
Icyakora, kugeza igihe raporo yakorewe, izi konti ntizari zarakoreshwa muri ubu bujura — ariko zari zihari, ziteguye gukoreshwa.
Undi Taarifa Rwanda yamenye ko yari ari muri uyu mugambi ni Kayimba Farouk, uyu akaba yari azi uko ibintu byose byari biteguwe, igihe bizabera n’uko bizagenda.
Kayimba Farouk: Yari azi umugambi wose
Kayimba Farouk yari azi neza ko igitero kigiye kuba. Ibi si ugukeka — biri mu butumwa bwabonetse.
Ku wa 6, Gashyantare, icyumweru kirenga mbere y’uko ibikorwa by’ubujura bitangira, yabwiye umuntu ukoreshwa mu gukuramo amafaranga (cash mule) ko amafaranga azava muri Equity Bank Rwanda azakurwamo mu mpera z’icyumweru cya tariki ya 14 Gashyantare.
Ntiyabitekereje gusa ahubwo yari abizi kuko yari mu bateguye umugambi.
Igihe kohereza amafaranga byatangiraga, Kayimba yari yiteguye.
Yari afite uburenganzira kuri konti ya Divine Ishimwe, yafunguwe ku wa 10 Gashyantare — iminsi ine gusa mbere y’ubujura.
Hagati ya tariki ya 14 na 15 Gashyantare, iyo konti yakiriye amafaranga angana na Frw 138,920,000.
Amafaranga yose yahise akurwaho binyuze kuri MTN MoMo ndetse no kuri ATM i Kampala muri Uganda.
Ifoto (screenshot) yabonetse kuri telefoni ye ya Huawei Honor 200 Pro igaragaza ko yari ari gukoresha konti ya Divine Ishimwe mu buryo bwa nyabwo (real time) ku wa 15 Gashyantare.
Ubutumwa bwa WhatsApp bwo ku wa 13, Gashyantare bwerekana ko yavuganaga n’uwitwa “Saint”, bahererekanya nimero za telefoni zizoherezwaho amafaranga uwo mugoroba.
Ku wa 17 Gashyantare, Kayimba yari agikomeje guhuza ibikorwa byo gukuramo amafaranga binyuze mu kugena uko aba agents bari kugabana amafaranga n’ibikorwa byaberaga muri Uganda.
Yanakoresheje urubuga rwa Chipper Cash rwo kohereza amafaranga mu bihugu bitandukanye, arunyuzamo amafaranga mu buryo busanzwe bugora iperereza kuyakurikirana.
Umuntu bakoranaga wo muri Kenya witwaga “Lawyer Nrbi Gachiri” ni we wabahaga SIM cards za Safaricom zo gukoresha muri Kenya.
Katamba Ismail: Yateguraga indangamuntu zikoreshwa
Katamba Ismail yari afite telefoni icyenda. Zose zarafatiriwe zirasesengurwa.
Inyinshi ntacyo zatanze, ariko imwe — Tecno Pop 10C — yagaragaje amakuru akomeye kandi ateye impungenge.
Ku wa 20 Gashyantare 2026 saa 14:33, Katamba yafotoye konti nshya ya Equity Bank Uganda mu izina rya Keezi Eliphaz Kazana, kandi muri telefoni ye harimo indangamuntu, nimero ya karita ya Visa na NIN.
Saa 15:53 uwo munsi, yakoze email nshya (Gmail), afata screenshot ya password arayibika
Ibi byerekana ko umwirondoro wose w’imari wa Keezi Eliphaz Kazana wari wamaze gufatwa n’iri tsinda, uteguriwe gukoreshwa n’undi muntu wese mu mugambi wabo.
Amasezerano Yarahagaritswe: Ikibazo Cya Innocent Kaneza na Esicia Ltd
Mu bice byose iperereza riri gukoraho, nta kindi gifite uburemere nk’icyerekeza kuri Esicia Ltd n’umuyobozi wayo mukuru Innocent Kaneza.
Esicia ni yo sosiyete y’ikoranabuhanga yubatse, igacunga kandi ifite uburenganzira bwo kugenzura (administrative access) urubuga rwa CogePay — sisitemu ya banki kuri interineti ubu bujura bushingiyeho.
‘Server’ yayo ya VPN (IP: 10.22.97.60) yakoreshejwe mu kwinjira muri sisitemu za Equity Bank Rwanda ku wa 9 Gashyantare no ku wa 16 Gashyantare.
Ku wa 9 Gashyantare hinjiwe muri ‘application server’ na ‘database server’ haninjirwa muri database ya CogePay hifashishijwe icyo abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga bita phpMyAdmin’
Icyo gihe nta ticket yo gusaba ubufasha yari ihari kadni nta kazi kemewe kari kateganyijwe, yewe nta n’ubusabe bwa banki bwari bwatanzwe.
Kwiyinjiramo byabayeho gusa, nta bisobanuro bitanzwe kuwo ari we wese.
Ku wa 16 Gashyantare — umunsi ubujura bwamenyekaniyeho, umuntu yongeye kwinjira muri iyo VPN asiba amakuru y’ingenzi (logs) yo kuva ku wa 09 Gashyantare kugeza saa yine za mu gitondo uwo munsi.
Raporo ya forensic yitondewe mu mvugo yayo, ivuga ko kubera ko Esicia ari yo ifite uburenganzira bwa VPN, kwinjira bishobora kuba byarakozwe n’abakozi bayo — cyangwa undi wese wabashije kubona ayo makuru.
Ibi si gihamya yuzuye, ariko ni icyuho gikomeye cyerekeza kuri iyo sosiyete.
Uretse ibyo, abashakashatsi basanze muri sisitemu ya CogePay harimo za virusi (malware) zari zimazemo amezi kuko harimo icyo bita Metasploit (Mettle payload) cyo kwinjiramo niyo waba uri kure, cyo ku wa 3 Ukwakira 2025
Harimo kandi ikitwa ‘web shell’ yanditswe mu buryo bwihishe yo ku wa 4 Ukwakira 2025.
Harimo n’indi web shell yo ku wa 13, Mutarama, 2026 ndetse na reverse shell ifite IP yo hanze yashyizwemo ku wa 30, Ukuboza 2025.
Nanone, ijambo ry’ibanga password ryinjira mu bubiko ‘database’ ryari ribitse mu buryo bweruye muri sisitemu — raporo ikavuga ko ibyo ari “imikorere idatekanye ishobora gukoreshwa nabi”.
Ibi byose bigaragaza ko bitari ubujura buhutiweho, ahubwo bwatekerejweho neza mbere umuntu wari umaze amezi y’uko amafaranga atangira kwibwa.
Nyuma y’ibi, Equity Bank Rwanda yahagaritse amasezerano yari ifitanye na Esicia.
Innocent Kaneza yabwiye Taarifa Rwanda ko nta cyo yatangaza.
Ariko icyo atabashije gusobanura kandi gikomeye ni uburyo urubuga rwe rwakoreshejwe nk’inzira nyamukuru yo kwinjira muri banki no kuyiba.
Kuba sosiyete ishinzwe gucunga urubuga nk’uru yabura ibisobanuro by’uburyo rwibwe, ntibifututse.
Sosiyete icunga urubuga rw’imari ariko ikabura ibisobanuro:
Hari n’ikindi kintu cyagaragaye mu ibanga: mu gihe ubujura bwabaga (kuva ku wa 14 kugeza ku wa 16 Gashyantare), Innocent Kaneza yari i Nairobi muri Kenya.
Nina ho hari “Carmen”, umwe mu bayobozi bakuru b’iri tsinda ry’abanyabyaha, ubu warekuwe amaze gutanga ingwate.
Ese kuba Kaneza yari aho muri icyo gihe cy’iperereza bifite icyo bisobanuye mu iperereza?
Icyo kibazo ntikirasubizwa ku mugaragaro ariko ababishinzwe bari kugisuzuma.
Louis Bizimana: umukozi wa Equity ufite ibibazo byo gusubiza
Louis Bizimana, umukozi w’ishami rya IT muri Equity Bank Rwanda, ari mu bantu bari kwibazwaho byinshi.
Ku wa 9 Gashyantare 2026 — iminsi itanu mbere y’uko ubujura butangira — laptop ye yinjiye kuri VPN ya Esicia Ltd no kuri server ya CogePay .
Icyo gihe kandi nta kazi yari yemerewe gukora, nta gahunda y’akazi yari ihari.
Amakuru ya sisitemu zo gukurikirana ibikorwa nka CrowdStrike na LogRhythm yagaragaje neza ko laptop ye yinjiye muri CogePay, igasura ibice bya web byo kuri ‘Application server.’
Gusa ubwo abakora iperereza bgenzuraga ibyamuteye kwinjira mu mikorere ya CogePay, nta makuru bahise babona kuko hari byinshi byari byamaze gusibwa.
Raporo ya forensic ivuga ko ayo makuru ashobora kuba yarasibwe gusa hifashishijwe konti za admin ziri mu maboko ya Esicia Ltd.
Nanone, kuri laptop ya Louis habonetse amakuru afasha umuntu kwinjira mu bundi bubiko yitwa credentials ya VPN ya Esicia n’aya CogePay portal kandi Banki ntiyari izi ko ayo makuru abitswe kuri laptop ye.
Ibi byose bitera kwibaza ukuntu umukozi wa banki ufite amakuru ya VPN y’isosiyete itanga serivisi yinjira muri sisitemu zifunze ku munsi utari uw’akazi hanyuma ibikorwa bye bikaza gusibwa hakoreshejwe uburenganzira bw’iyo sosiyete.
Buri ngingo aha iteye impungenge. Ariko byose hamwe, bizasaba ibisobanuro byimbitse.
Eric Ikorukwishaka: umukiliya wemeye gufasha
Eric Ikorukwishaka asanzwe ari umukiliya wa Equity Bank Rwanda wafashe icyemezo cyo gufasha abashakaga kuyisahura.
Yatanze amakuru ye bwite arimo amazina n’ijambobanga byo kwinjira kuri Equity Online, nimero ya karita (debit card), CVV ndetse yemera na OTP zoherezwaga kuri telefoni ye (250796906782).
Ku wa 14 Gashyantare, amafaranga angana na miliyoni Frw 7.5 yinjiye kuri konti ye avuye kuri BRALIRWA anyuze muri CogePay.
Mu masaha make gusa, ayo mafaranga yatangiye koherezwa ahandi, miliyoni 1.5 Frw yoherejwe kuri Patrick Tuyizere, Frw 500,000 yoherejwe kuri Amos Iradukunda, asigaye ajyanwa ku zindi konti harimo n’iy’isosiyete yitwa TANGIMPUNDU Ltd.
Konti ye yakoreshejwe nk’inzira yo kunyuzamo amafaranga (transit) ngo agezwe ku bandi.
Umubare w’amafaranga yaba yaragumanye ku ruhare rwe nturamenyekana neza.
Abantu bane bakoreshejwe batabizi
Amazina ane yo muri konti ya CogePay ya BRALIRWA agomba gusomwa mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi bose bavuzwe muri iyi nkuru:
-Gloriose Mamashenge
-Dusenge Lydia
-Manzi
-Katell
Aba ni abakozi nyakuri ba BRALIRWA, ariko amakuru yabo yaribwe, amagambo y’ibanga yabo ahindurwa nijoro kandi konti zabo zikoreshwa mu kwemeza no kohereza amafaranga batabizi ibyayo na gato.
Ijambobanga (password) ryahinduwe saa 3:24 za mu rukerera ku wa 14 Gashyantare.
Ijambobanga rishya — “ed6a7p” — ryoherejwe kuri nimero ya telefoni batagenzuraga: 250794045257.
Iyo nimero yari yarashyizwe kuri konti 14 zitandukanye z’abakozi ba BRALIRWA kuri CogePay.
Ibi bivuze ko umuntu umwe ufite iyo SIM card yashoboraga kwakira OTP z’abakozi 14 icyarimwe.
Uwafite iyo SIM ni we wari ufite urufunguzo rw’ibintu byose.
Guhindura ijambobanga byakorewe kuri mudasobwa ikoresha Linux — byagaragajwe n’imiterere ya browser yayo (Mozilla/5.0 X11; Linux x86_64) — kandi byakorewe imbere muri server ya CogePay ubwayo.
Iyo mudasobwa yari imaze iminota ikorerwaho ibikorwa byinshi birimo kugenzura paji zo muri sisitemu imbere, gukuramo raporo no kohereza ubusabe bwo kwinjiramo.
Ibi si ibikorwa bya robo ahubwo byari bikorwa by’umuntu uri imbere muri sisitemu ya banki igenzura imishahara.
Ibyakurikiyeho byari biteguye neza cyane.
Gloriose yagombaga gutangiza kohereza amafaranga menshi (bulk transfer), Lydia akayemeza, Manzi agasinya naho Katell abirangiza byose bikaba birakozwe.
Byose byakozwe hifashishijwe OTP zoherezwaga kuri nimero igenzurwa n’abavugwa muri ubu bujura.
Ibi byose byabaye mu minota mike, mu munsi umwe, bitangira saa 11 z’amanywa bikageza nijoro.
Uburyo byakozwe bwari bushingiye ku igenamiterere (configuration) ritari rikwiye kubaho: konti 16 zose za BRALIRWA zari zishyizwe ku email imwe charles.niyitegeka@heineken.com, konti 14 zisangiye nimero imwe ya telefoni
Ibi ni icyuho gikomeye cyane gishobora guteza igihombo gikabije, gihishwe inyuma y’icyiswe “configuration”.
Aho amafaranga yanyuze: transfert 453, nimero 301, miliyari Frw 1.359
Amafaranga akimara kuva muri Equity Bank, yahise agenda vuba kandi akwira henshi.
Dosiye y’agateganyo yiswe “Fraudulent Float Purchase” ikaba imwe mu nyandiko z’ingenzi mu iperereza, igaragaza ko habayeho ‘transfert 453’, amafaranga yose angana na miliyari Frw 1.359 yoherejwe kuri nimero za telefoni 301 zitandukanye zifitanye isano n’abantu bagera kuri 369.
Abenshi muri bo bafite amazina asa n’ay’Abanyarwanda, nubwo hari bake bagaragaza inkomoko mu bindi bihugu byo mu karere ka Afurika y’Uburasirazuba.
Icyatumye abashakashatsi batungurwa ni imiterere y’izo transfert.
Muri nimero 301, nimero 101 zakiriye amafaranga inshuro zirenze imwe, kandi muri izo zonyine zakiriye transfert 253 kuri 453 zose zoherejwe uzibereye hamwe.
Ibi bivuze ko arenga kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga yoherejwe ku bantu bake cyane.
Ibi byateguwe neza kuko ubusanzwe gukoresha konti (wallets) zizewe zongera gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi mu kwakira no kwimura amafaranga menshi.
Hari nimero imwe — 250796909838 — yakiriye miliyoni Frw 71.97 muri transfert ebyiri gusa, akaba ari yo yakiriye amafaranga menshi kurusha izindi.
Ariko igitangaje ni uko yanditseho ko “itagaragara muri MTN MoMo”.
Ibindi bitaramenyekana neza ni ukumenya niba konti yarasibwe nyuma
cyangwa yaranyujijwe mu nzira idasanzwe cyangwa hari amakuru yarahinduwe, gusa iperereza riracyabisuzuma.
Umuntu witwa Fabrice Hirwa we yakiriye hafi miliyoni Frw 39 muri transfert eshatu, mu gihe abandi benshi bakiriye hagati ya miliyoni Frw 10 na miliyoni Frw 16 Fbabinyujije mu transfert zikoreshwa kenshi.
Ku rwego nk’urwo, aba si abantu basanzwe bakiriye amafaranga —ahubwo bisa nk’aho bari nahantu h’ingenzi (nodes) ho gukusanyiriza cyangwa gukwirakwiza amafaranga mu muyoboro wateguwe.
Ku rundi ruhande, hari transfert nyinshi zakozwe mu mafaranga make make ni ukuvuga miliyoni Frw 2.5, miliyoni Frw 3 cyangwa miliyoni Frw 4.
Ibi ni uburyo bwitwa ‘structuring’ bujyana no kugabanya amafaranga menshi mo uduce duto kugira ngo hatagira impuruza itangwa muri sisitemu cyangwa ngo birenge imipaka yemewe.
Uwateguye ibi yari azi neza uko sisitemu ya mobile money ikora, kandi yahuje transfert zose n’ayo mabwiriza.
Isesengura ry’ibanze ryerekana ko benshi mu bahawe amafaranga bari munsi y’imyaka 30 — urubyiruko rufite ubumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga, rushobora kwimura amafaranga vuba hagati y’imiyoboro itandukanye no mu bihugu bitandukanye.
No gukwirakwiza amafaranga kuri nimero 301 si impanuka kandi gufunga konti imwe ntibihagarika izindi 300 zikorera icyarimwe.
Igihe abashakashatsi bari bamaze gusobanukirwa neza uko amafaranga yakwirakwijwe, igice kinini cyayo cyari cyamaze gukurwaho, guhindurwa cyangwa koherezwa hanze y’igihugu.
Ni amafaranga yohererejwe abantu benshi kugira ngo yose atazabonekera rimwe, cyangwa ngo ahite atera abashinzwe umutekano w’imari kubyibazaho.
Uku niko ubujura nk’ubu bukorwa!
Ingamba za Equity
Hannington Namara, umuyobozi mukuru wa Equity Bank Rwanda, ntiyahisemo gukemura iki kibazo mu ibanga.
Ku wa Mbere, yahuye na Monzer Ali, umuyobozi mukuru wa MTN Rwanda, bagirana ibiganiro bya tekiniki n’ingamba zisobanutse z’uko abagize uruhare muri ibyo byose bakurikiranwa kandi ikintu nk’icyo ntikizongere.
Izi nzego zombi ubu zirimo gukorana na RIB n’izindi nzego bireba, hagamijwe gukurikirana abantu barenga 400 bo mu Rwanda bagaragara mu mibare ya telefoni zakiriye amafaranga.
Ku ruhande rwayo, banki yafashe ingamba zikomeye:
Nta konti yemerewe kongera gukuraho amafaranga arenga miliyoni Frw 10 nta biganiro by’imbona nkubone hagati ya banki n’umukiliya.
Si OTP. Si code yoherejwe kuri telefoni ishobora gusangirwa n’abantu benshi. Ni ikiganiro nyacyo hagati y’umuntu na banki.
Iyo iyi ngamba iza kuba iriho mbere ya tariki ya 14 Gashyantare, ishobora kuba yarabujije byinshi mu byabaye.
Guhagarika amasezerano na Esicia Ltd na byo biri muri izi mpinduka zo kwisuzuma imbere muri banki.
Hagati aho, haribazwa uruhare ibigo nka Banki nkuru y’igihugu na RURA byaba byaragize muri ibyo byose, cyane cyane ku byerekeye uburangare bwaba bwarabaye bukorohereza abajura kwambutsa imbibi z’u Rwanda ayo mafaranga.
Hari ibiganiro biri kuba harebwa niba National Bank of Rwanda idakwiye gufata ingamba ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’ikigo MTN MoMo Rwanda — harebwa niba ibyabaye byaratewe no kutubahiriza amategeko cyangwa byari icyuho gikomeye mu igenzura cyatumye amafaranga menshi ava mu gihugu ajyanwa hanze ntawe uyakomye imbere.
Ubusanzwe konti ya MoMo y’umuntu ku giti cye igenewe iba igenewe gukoreshwa nawe ku giti cye, si konti ikorerwaho ubucuruzi ifite igenzura rikomeye bita (KYC), iyi ikagira n’uburyo bwo gukurikirana amafaranga menshi ashobora kuyicishwaho..
Ariko nyuma y’ubujura buvugwa aha, aho konti z’abantu ku giti cyabo zakoreshejwe mu gukuramo amafaranga amagana ya miliyoni z’amafaranga y’u Rwanda, akajyanwa hanze y’igihugu k’umuvuduko byakozweho, byombaga guhita bitera impuruza muri sisitemu, RURA na BNR bagahita babihagurukira.
Aho bimenyekaniye, RURA yasabwe gukora raporo irambuye igaragaza:
- uko buri SIM card yiyandikishije,
- amakuru ya konti za KYC,
- n’uko ibintu byakozwe muri icyo gihe.
Ibi ni byo byari bube kandi n’ubu bikiri ishingiro ryo kugaragaza uburyozwacyaha nyabwo muri iyi dosiye.
Ariko imyitwarire ya Banki Nkuru y’u Rwanda yabigaragayemo ukundi.
Amakuru avuga ko iyi banki yahise ifata umwanzuro wihuse w’uko ikibazo ari icya Equity gusa, bityo ntiyashakisha ibindi byuho biri muri sisitemu yose y’imari.
Ntiyatanze amakuru cyangwa ngo ifashe iperereza nk’uko byari byitezwe ku rwego rw’umugenzuzi mu kibazo nk’iki gikomeye kirimo inzego nyinshi.
Hari abanenga iyi migirire kuko ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko iki atari ikibazo cya banki imwe gusa, ahubwo ari rusange muri sisitemu nyinshi, kikaba ikintu cyizwe neza kigakoreshwa n’abantu bari bagamije gucucura imwe muri banki nini mu Rwanda, ari yo Equity Bank- Rwanda.
Hagati aho, amakuru Taarifa Rwanda ifite yemeza ko hari abantu 400 bahawe ayo mafaranga bamwe babikora babizi kandi babyemera mu gihe hari n’abandi bashobora kuba barayabonye bibagwiririye, iperereza rikaba rigikomeje ngo ibyo byose bishyirwe ahabona.
Ikindi kibazo kigihari ni uko hari abantu benshi byagaragaye ko babonye ayo mafaranga ariko bakaba batarasabwa kuyasubiza.
Mu gihe iperereza rigikomeje, bamwe mu bakekwaho icyaha barekuwe by’agateganyo:
- “Carmen” ari i Nairobi yarekuwe atanze ingwate,
- “HK” ari muri Canada,
- Ibya “Daglous” biracyari mu iperereza.
Iperereza ririmo gukorerwa mu bihugu byinshi, kandi guhuza amakuru hagati y’ibihugu bisaba igihe.
Nubwo bimeze bityo, abari kubikurikirana bavuga ko ibintu biri gufata indi ntera kuko bari kubona ibimenyetso bitandukanye bizagaragazwa n’ubugenzuzi buzakorerwa muri za mudasobwa abahanga mu iperereza bita ‘digital forensics’, kugenzura amakuru ya telefoni, inyandiko za banki, amakuru ya SIM cards, inyandiko zerekana uko amafaranga yatanzwe, amakuru ya seriveri za Esicia Ltd , ubutumwa abantu bohererezanyije binyuze ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rukora mu ibanga bita ‘Signal’ n’ibikoresho nka Raspberry Pi.
Nibirangiza gusuzumanwa ubwitonzi, bizatanga ishusho imwe yumvikana neza y’uko ubu bujura buhambanye bwagenze.
Kugira ngo ibyo bizagerweho neza, ni ngombwa ko habaho ubufatanye hagati y’inzego, gukorera mu mucyo no kwihutisha iperereza
Ikindi ni uko iryo perereza riri gukorerwa mu bihugu bigera kuri bine.
Nubwo aba banyabyaha bakoze ibintu byose bihishe, ibimenyetso bitandukanye biri guhurizwa hamwe buhoro buhoro ngo ibyabo bizashyirwe ku karubanda.
Amaherezo, ukuri kuzagaragara kandi ababigizemo uruhare bazagezwa mu butabera, babiryozwe.
Taarifa Rwanda izakomeza gukurikirana iby’iyi nkuru ICUKUMBUYE.
