Ejo hazaza ha demokarasi ku isi ni ingingo ikomeje guteza impaka. Hari ibimenyetso biteye impungenge, cyane cyane ibijyanye n’ubwisanzure bw’itangazamakuru, bituma hirya no hino ku isi abantu babona ko hari ibikwiye guhinduka.
Hari kandi ibihugu bigenda bifata inzira z’imiyoborere zidaha agaciro ubwisanzure bw’abaturage, ibibazo bijyanye n’uburyo amatora ategurwa n’umucyo akorwamo ndetse n’impungenge zishingiye ku guhererekanya ubutegetsi mu mahoro.
Icyakora, hari n’ibimenyetso bishimishije bigaragaza ko demokarasi igifite imbaraga kandi bidakwiye kwirengagizwa.
Ibi bigaragarira mu byabaye mu matora aherutse kubera mu bihugu bitandukanye byo ku migabane itandukanye.
Muri Serbia, amatora yitabiriwe n’abaturage ku kigero cya hafi 70%, kikaba ari cyo kiri hejuru kuva Yugosilaviya yacikamo ibice mu 1992.
Muri Brazil, aho gutora ari itegeko nubwo ibihano ku batatoye ari bike, abitabiriye amatora barenze 80%.
Abantu miliyoni eshatu batatoye mu cyiciro cya mbere bagiye gutora mu cya kabiri, bituma Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, ufite imyaka 81, agaruka ku butegetsi kuri manda ya kane.
Muri Israel ho, Abanya-Isiraheli bagera ku bihumbi 67 bari batuye mu mahanga bagiye mu gihugu cyabo gutora.
Ibyo byiyongereye ku mubare munini w’abitabiriye amatora, yafashwe nk’aho ari uburyo bwo kugaragaza uko abaturage babona imyaka 19 Benjamin Netanyahu amaze ayobora igihugu, harimo n’uko yitwaye mu bibazo bya Gaza, Libani na Irani.
Nta ngingo imwe ihuza aya matora yose.
Muri Serbia, abaturage banze umuyobozi wari umaze igihe ku butegetsi; muri Brazil, Perezida wari usanzwe ku butegetsi yongeye gutorwa; naho muri Israel, haracyari ikibazo cy’uko guverinoma nshya izaba imeze, kuko bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo bimenyekane.
Muri Serbia, ubuyobozi bwerekeje ibumoso; muri Brazil, ubutegetsi bwakomeje kuba ubw’ibumoso; naho muri Israel, amahitamo asa n’ari hagati ya guverinoma yo hagati y’iburyo n’iy’iburyo, bikazasaba ko habaho guverinoma ihuriweho n’impande zombi.
Niba hari ikintu aya matora ahuriyeho, cyaba ari uruhare runini rw’abaturage mu matora, cyane cyane urubyiruko.
Perezida w’Ikigo gikora ubushakashatsi ku mibanire mpuzamahanga (Council on Foreign Relations – CFR), Mike Froman, ari nawe wanditse ibi mu kinyamakuru cy’iki kigo, avuga ko ahanini ibiri kuba mu bihugu byinshi ku isi bitegurwa kandi bikagirwamo uruhare rutaziguye n’urubyiruko.
Reka dufate urugero rwa Serbia, aho uruhare rw’urubyiruko mu matora rwagaragaye cyane.
Umuyobozi w’abahezanguni b’iburyo muri politiki, Aleksandar Vučić, wari umaze imyaka isaga icumi ayobora igihugu, yatsinzwe n’ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri bari bayoboye imyigaragambyo.
Iryo huriro ryashinzwe mu gihe kitageze ku myaka ibiri, nyuma y’impanuka yabereye kuri sitasiyo ya gari ya moshi, igahitana abantu 16.
Iyo mpanuka yatumye abanyeshuri batangira imyigaragambyo, nyuma iza kwaguka iba urugamba rusange rwo kwamagana ubutegetsi, nubwo ibimenyetso byagaragazaga ko isenyuka ry’ubwo butegetsii ryaba ryaratewe n’uburiganya na ruswa mu nzego za Leta.
Mu matora yabaye ku Cyumweru gishize, itariki 25 Ukwakira, Ishyaka ry’Amajyambere rya Serbia rya Vučić ryabonye amajwi ari munsi ya 40%, mu gihe ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri batavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, rizwi nka Student List, ryabonye 53% by’amajwi, ritsindira imyanya 141 muri 250 igize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.
Kimwe na mugenzi we Viktor Orbán wo hakurya y’uruzi rwa Danube, wavuye ku butegetsi nyuma y’uko urubyiruko rugize uruhare rukomeye mu kumutsinda mu matora yo muri Hongiriya yabaye muri Mata, Vučić yemeye ko yatsinzwe.
Nk’uko byagenze kuri iri huriro ry’abanyeshuri muri Serbia, Péter Magyar n’Ishyaka rye rya Tisza muri Hongiriya na bo bakoze ubukangurambaga bwibanze ku kurwanya ruswa, babifashijwemo n’ubwitabire bwinshi bw’urubyiruko, bityo bahagarika imyaka 16 Viktor Orbán yari amaze ku butegetsi.
Umwe mu mpuguke z’ikigo Center on Foreign Relations Charles Kupchan, yageze i Belgrade ku wa Kane wabanjirije amatora.
Yasanze abantu bagera ku 150.000 bateraniye mu mujyi rwagati mu myigaragambyo ikomeye.
Agaruka ku byo yabonye, yagize ati: “Ibyari bihari byari bishimishije cyane. Abantu baririmbaga kandi basakuza amagambo y’imyigaragambyo banyura mu mihanda, bishimiye ko igihe cya Vučić ku butegetsi gishobora kuba kigiye kurangira.”
Biragoye kumenya neza ibizakurikiraho muri Belgrade, ariko Kupchan yagaragaje ingingo y’ingenzi agira ati: “Ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri rifite imbaraga n’umuvuduko wa politiki bidasiba kwiyongera. Icyo rigomba gukora ni uguhindura izo mbaraga politiki nziza n’imiyoborere myiza.”
Muri Brazil, Lula yagarutse ku butegetsi
Muri Brazil, Lula yatsinze amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu mu cyiciro cya kabiri, abona 51,8% by’amajwi, mu gihe Flávio Bolsonaro yabonye 48,2%.
Intsinzi ya Lula yaturutse ahanini ku bukangurambaga bwakoresheje neza ikoranabuhanga n’imbuga nkoranyambaga.
Nubwo hari amategeko yabuzaga ko bumwe mu butumwa bwa Lula bushyirwa ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ngo busangizwe abandi, yungukiye ku muyoboro wa WhatsApp witwaga “Lula’s Army” (Ingabo za Lula).
Nubwo ubwo bukangurambaga bwakoreshaga uburyo busanzwe buranga urubyiruko rw’iki gihe, umuyoboro wa Lula’s Army watangijwe n’Umudepite w’imyaka 42, kandi wakusanyije abantu bo mu byiciro bitandukanye by’imyaka, harimo n’abagore bageze mu myaka 60.
Mbere y’amatora, uwo muyoboro wari umaze kugira abanyamuryango miliyoni 10.
Ubu bukangurambaga bwatumye umubare w’abitabiriye amatora wiyongera.
Abanya-Brazil benshi ntibatoye mu cyiciro cya mbere cyangwa impapuro zabo zikaba impfabusa mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ko nta mukandida bashyigikiye, bahisemo gushyigikira Lula mu cyiciro cya kabiri.
Ibyo byatumye atsinda n’amajwi arenga miliyoni 4,4.
Mu cyiciro cya mbere, Abanya-Brazil barenga miliyoni 33, bangana na 21% by’abagombaga gutora, ntibitabiriye amatora.
Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, amajwi y’impapuro z’impfabusa n’izateshejwe agaciro yaragabanutse agera ku rwego rwo hasi kuva mu ntangiriro z’iki kinyejana, mu gihe abantu miliyoni eshatu batatoye mu cyiciro cya mbere bahisemo kujya gutora.
Benshi muri bo batoye Lula, bituma aba Perezida wa mbere kuva mu 1989 utsinze amatora nyuma yo kuba uwa kabiri mu cyiciro cya mbere.
Muri Israel, amatora yitabiriwe ku kigero cyo hejuru
Muri Israel, abitabiriye amatora bageze kuri 77,7%, kikaba ari cyo gipimo kiri hejuru kuva mu 1999.
Umuhanga wa Council on Foreign Affairs witwa Elliott Abrams yanditse ko “amatora yo muri Israel yabaye muri iki cyumweru yari urugero rwiza rw’imikorere ya demokarasi.”
Icyakora, nta shyaka cyangwa ihuriro ry’amashyaka ryabashije kubona ubwiganze mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Israel (Knesset), bituma ejo hazaza h’imiyoborere y’icyo gihugu hakomeza kuba urujijo.
Ihuriro rishyigikiye Netanyahu ryabonye imyanya 53, mu gihe ihuriro ritavuga rumwe nawe, riyobowe na Gadi Eisenkot, ryabonye imyanya 48.
Amashyaka y’Abarabu yo yabonye imyanya 19, umubare utari warigeze ugerwaho mu mateka yayo.
Abanya-Israel bagera ku bihumbi 640 bafite hagati y’imyaka 18 na 22 bari bemerewe gutora mu matora yabaye ku wa Kabiri, bangana na 10% by’abagombaga gutora bose.
Birumvikana ko amatora yagenze neza, adahita avamo guverinoma ibasha gukemura amacakubiri no kutumvikana muri politiki.
Ese ihuriro ry’abanyeshuri muri Serbia rizashobora kuva mu myigaragambyo rikiga kuyobora igihugu?
Ese Lula azakoresha manda ye ya kane mu gukemura ibibazo byateye abaturage kutishimira ubutegetsi, bikaba ari na byo byamufashije kongera gutorwa?
Ese Israel, ifite abaturage batavuga rumwe kandi bacitsemo ibice, izahindura politiki yayo?
Guhindura imyigaragambyo ikavamo impinduka zirambye si ibintu byoroshye.
Umunyamakuru wahawe igihembo cy’Amahoro cyitiriwe Nobel Maria Ressa aherutse kugaruka ku ruhare rw’itangazamakuru n’imyigaragambyo mu gihugu cye cya Philippines, avuga ko byaje gutuma uwahoze ari Perezida Rodrigo Duterte yoherezwa i Lahe mu Buholandi, kugira ngo aburanishwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha (ICC).
Yatanze urugero rw’imyigaragambyo ya buri munsi muri Georgia, ndetse n’iyabereye muri Serbia, avuga ko ari ibimenyetso byiza bigaragaza ko demokarasi igihumeka.
Mu kwezi gutaha, hazaba amatora akomeye muri Espagne.
Ubufaransa na bwo buzakora amatora akomeye ya Perezida mu mpeshyi.
Nta nubwo twakwibagirwa ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ziri kwitegura amatora wakwita ko ari ay’ibanze azaba mu gihe gito kiri imbere, akaba yitwa ko ari ayo hagati muri manda ya Perezida( iba igizwe n’imyaka ine) nayo kandi ateye urujijo.
Kuvuga ko demukarasi iri hafi kurangira ku isi bishobora kuba ari uguhubuka.
Icyakora, uwavuga ko urubyiruko rwo ‘ruyifuza ukundi’ ntiyaba agiye kure y’ukuri.
