Umusanzu w’u Rwanda mu bushakashatsi n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi ku rwego mpuzamahanga wongerewemo ingufu nyuma y’uko abashakashatsi babiri b’Abanyarwanda batorewe kuba abanyamuryango b’Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’Ubumenyi (The World Academy of Sciences – TWAS).
Ni umuryango uhuriza hamwe abahanga mu bumenyi n’ubushakashatsi bugamije guteza imbere ubumenyi n’imibereho y’abantu.
Abo ni Prof. Léon Mutesa, inzobere mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’uturemangingo twa muntu (Human Genetics) muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, na Prof. Eugénie Kayitesi, inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’ibiribwa n’imirire, wigisha muri Kaminuza ya Pretoria muri Afurika y’Epfo.
Bari mu bahanga 87 batorewe kuba abanyamuryango basanzwe b’iri huriro, bakaba baremejwe ku wa 5 Ugushyingo 2026.
Biteganyijwe ko bazatangira inshingano zabo ku wa 1 Mutarama 2027.
Kwinjira kw’aba bashakashatsi muri ririya huriro TWAS byongereye umubare w’Abanyarwanda baririmo kuko u Rwanda rwari mu bihugu bike bihafitemo abashakashatsi bake.
Nubwo aba bahanga bakora mu nzego zitandukanye, ubushakashatsi bwabo bwibanda ku bibazo bifite aho bihuriye n’iterambere rya Afurika.
Prof. Mutesa yagize uruhare mu kongerera u Rwanda ubushobozi mu bushakashatsi ku miterere y’uturemangingo fatizo twa muntu, mu gihe Prof. Kayitesi akora ubushakashatsi ku buryo ibihingwa gakondo byo muri Afurika byakoreshwa mu guhangana n’ikibazo cy’ibura ry’ibiribwa n’imirire mibi.
Kayitesi yishimiye ko ubushakashatsi bwe bwamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga
Kuri Prof. Eugénie Kayitesi, gutorerwa kujya muri iri shuri bifite igisobanuro cyihariye, kuko urugendo rwe mu masomo n’ubushakashatsi rwatangiriye mu Rwanda.
Yabwiye The New Times ati: “Gutorerwa kujya muri iri ririya huriro byemeza intego y’ingenzi ishingiye ku nkomoko yanjye y’u Rwanda. Bigaragaza ko guhuza ubumenyi gakondo n’ubushakashatsi bukomeye bwa siyansi bishobora gufasha Afurika gukemura ibibazo bikomeye by’ibura ry’ibiribwa n’imirire mibi.”
Kayitesi ni umwarimu wungirije muri Kaminuza ya Pretoria, aho akora ubushakashatsi ku bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bijyanye n’ibiribwa, by’umwihariko imiterere y’imiti iba mu biribwa, imikoranire y’ibinyabutabire n’ibinyabuzima biri mu biribwa, ndetse n’uburyo bwo kubitunganya.
Ubushakashatsi bwe kandi bwibanda ku gushaka uburyo ibihingwa gakondo byo muri Afurika bidakoreshwa cyane byahindurwamo ibiribwa bifite intungamubiri nyinshi, bikaba byasimbura bimwe mu biribwa bituruka mu mahanga kandi bihenze.
Akoresha uburyo butandukanye burimo gutubura ibiribwa hifashishijwe mikorobe (fermentation), kumisha no gutunganya ibinyampeke kugira ngo bimere (malting), ndetse no kubishyushya hifashishijwe imirasire y’izuba bita ‘infrared.’
Izi nzira zifasha umubiri kwinjiza intungamubiri neza, kugabanya ibintu bishobora kwangiza ubuzima biri mu biribwa no gukora ibikomoka ku biribwa bifasha guhangana n’imirire mibi iterwa no kubura poroteyine n’ingufu z’umubiri, ndetse n’ibura rya vitamini n’imyunyu ngugu.
Uretse kongera intungamubiri mu biribwa, gutunganya ibihingwa bihingwa hafi y’abaturage kandi bishobora kwihanganira amapfa byafasha no kongera igihe bimara bitarangirika, kugabanya ibihombo biterwa n’ibisarurwa byangirika bitaragera ku isoko, ndetse no guhanga amasoko mashya y’abahinzi bato n’abakora ubucuruzi bw’ibiribwa.
Kayitesi afite impamyabumenyi y’icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga bijyanye n’ibiribwa, yakuye muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, icyo gihe yitwaga Kigali Institute of Science and Technology (KIST).
Ni na Porofeseri w’icyubahiro muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda, mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubworozi n’Ubuvuzi bw’Inyamaswa.
Mu bihembo yahawe harimo igihembo cya OWSD-Elsevier Foundation Award cyo mu 2023 n’icyo yahawe n’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abagore b’Abanyarwanda bari mu Bumenyi (Rwanda Women in Science Award) mu 2022.
Ni umunyamuryango w’Ihuriro Nyafurika ry’Ubumenyi (African Academy of Sciences) n’Inama Nyafurika y’Ubushakashatsi mu Bumenyi (Pan-African Scientific Research Council).
Mutesa we yagize uruhare mu guteza imbere ubushakashatsi k’uturemangingo fatizo twa muntu.
Gutorerwa kujya muri TWAS kwa Prof. Léon Mutesa gufitanye isano n’umusanzu we mu bushakashatsi ku irondakoko ry’abantu no kongerera u Rwanda ubushobozi bwo gukora ubushakashatsi muri urwo rwego.
Mu 2006, yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushyiraho ikigo cy’igihugu cyihariye mu bushakashatsi ku irondakoko ry’abantu, kikaba ari cyo cyonyine cyariho muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba.
Ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanda ku buryo impinduka zibaho mu turemangingo tugena imiterere y’umubiri w’umuntu (genetics) no mu mikorere y’uturemangingo tugenga uko uturemangingo dukoresha amakuru (epigenetics) zishobora guhererekanywa hagati y’ibisekuru.
Mu byo yakoze harimo ubushakashatsi ku ngaruka z’ihungabana ryatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, cyane cyane ku bagore barokotse Jenoside n’abana babo, hibandwa ku ndwara yo guhungabana gukabije guterwa n’ibyabaye (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder – PTSD).
Prof. Mutesa anayobora Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Irondakoko ry’Abantu n’Ibyaryo (Centre for Human Genetics and Genomics) muri Koleji y’Ubuvuzi n’Ubuzima ya Kaminuza y’u Rwanda.
Yarangije amasomo y’ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda mu 2003, ahabwa impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga ya PhD na Kaminuza ya Liège mu Bubiligi mu 2009.
Nyuma yakoze ubushakashatsi bwisumbuyeho muri Kaminuza ya Erlangen mu Budage.
Yigeze kandi kuyobora Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi mu Buvuzi muri Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC).
Ubushakashatsi bwe bwamuhesheje ibihembo n’ishimwe bitandukanye, birimo igihembo cya Human Genome Organisation (HUGO) African Prize yahawe mu 2024.
Na we ni umunyamuryango w’Ihuriro Nyafurika ry’Ubumenyi.
Ubu Abanyarwanda bane nibo bageze muri TWAS, abandi babiri ni Prof. Romain Murenzi, umuhanga mu bugenge (Physics) wabaye na Minisitiri w’Uburezi, watorewe kujya muri iri shuri mu 2005, na Prof. Agnès Binagwaho, inzobere mu buvuzi bw’abana wabaye Minisitiri w’Ubuzima, winjiye muri iri shuri mu 2021.
Abahanga 87 batorewe kujya muri TWAS barimo abagore 29, mu gihe 77 bakomoka mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’iterambere, cyane cyane ibyo mu Majyepfo y’Isi (Global South).
