Abaturage b’u Bwongereza barasa n’abiruhukije kubera ko ubushyuhe bwari bumaze iminsi bubarembeje bwasimbuwe n’imvura nyinshi irimo inkuba n’umuyaga. Icyakora abashinzwe iteganyagihe bavuga ko hakiri kare ngo abantu bishimire ubuzima…
Kuri uyu wa Kabiri taliki 19, Nyakanga, 2022 abaturage b’u Bwongereza mu Mijyi minini irimo na London bariwe babira icyokere kubera ko ubushyuhe bwari bwazamutse bugera kuri 40C.
Ni uwo munsi washyushye kurusha iyindi yose mu mateka y’u Bwongereza.
Mu gihe mu Bwongereza ubushyuhe bwari bwinshi, mu bindi bihugu by’u Burayi ho inkongi yari ibarembeje, amashyamba ateye ku buso bunini arakongoka ndetse n’abaturage biganjemo abageze mu zabukuru bahasiga ubuzima.
N’ubwo basa n’abirukije, Polisi isaba abaturage gutangira gufata ingamba z’uko bazirinda imvura nyinshi, umuyaga n’inkuba biri hafi kubisukaho.
Ikiri kugaragara muri ibi byose ni imihindagurikire y’imikorere y’ikirere.
Biratangaje kubona ko mu masaha atageze kuri 72 icyari ubushyuhe karundura kigiye guhinduka imvura y’impangukano.
Umuyobozi mu Kigo cy’iteganyagihe mu Bwongereza witwa Alex Burkill yagize ati: “ Hari ahantu mu gihe cy’amasaha abiri gusa imvura yahise itangira kugwa ingana na milimetero 2.4 mu gihe hari hamaze iminsi igera muri ine harumye kubera ubushyuhe!”
Ni henshi mu Murwa mukuru, London, abaturage bari bamaze iminsi barayobotse inzuzi n’imigezi n’ahandi hari amasoko y’amazi ngo barebe ko bakaraba amazi menshi bityo ubushyuhe bugabanuke.
Mu bindi bihugu nk’u Bufaransa, Espagne, Portugal, u Butaliyani n’ahandi mu Majyepfo y’u Burayi hamaze iminsi inkongi ibarembeje.
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere niyo yatumye gishyuha k’uburyo inkongi ziri kwaduka henshi mu Burayi ndetse no mu bice bituriye inyanja ya Mediterranée.
Mu Ntara ya Bordeaux mu Bufaransa hari abaturage bagera ku 16,000 bamaze kwimurwa kugira ngo ubuzima bwabo burindwe uriya muriro.
Ubuso bungana na Hegitari 14,000 bwamaze kubarurwa ko ari bwo bwibasiwe n’uriya muriro.
Abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ikirere bavuga ko inkongi iri kugaragara mu Burayi ari umusogongero w’ibibi byinshi biri imbere.
Ni ibibi bizaterwa n’uko ikirere cyahindutse, bigatuma ahantu henshi hatakaza uburyo bwo guhangana n’ibyatera inkongi bityo mu mpeshyi umuriro ukahaduka.
Mu gihe mu Burayi bamerewe nabi kubera inkongi, mu Bushinwa n’aho ubushyuhe bwabaye bwinshi k’uburyo hari abantu bwahitanye kubera ko imibiri yabo yashizemo amazi.
Raporo nshya ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe yasohotse mu mpeshyi y’umwaka wa 2021 yagaragaje ko ibikorwa bya muntu bizatuma kugeza mu mwaka wa 2040 ubushyuhe bw’Isi bwiyongeraho nibura 1.5 C, ugereranyije n’ubushyuhe bwariho mbere y’umwaduko w’inganda.
Iyo raporo yakozwe n’akanama k’impuguke 234 zo mu bihugu 65 kiswe Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Ivuga ko n’ubwo habaho ingamba zihuse zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, ubushyuhe bw’isi buzakomeza kuzamuka kugeza nibura mu 2050.
Mu gihe hadafashwe ingamba zihuse kandi zifatika mu kugabanya imyuka ya carbon dioxide (CO2) n’indi yangiza ikirere, ntabwo bizashoboka ko ishyuha ry’umubumbe riguma munsi ya 1.5C cyangwa 2C mbere y’umwaka wa 2100, nk’uko intego nyinshi ziriho ubu zibiteganya.
Ibyo bikazatuma mu bihe biri imbere ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe zikomeza kugaragara mu izuba ryinshi riteza amapfa, ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa imvura igwa ari nyinshi igateza inkangu n’imyuzure.
Imibare igaragaza ko ziriya 1.5C na zo ziri hejuru, kuko nko mu mwaka wa 2020 ubushyuhe bwari bumaze kuzamukaho 1.2C na 1.1C urebye impuzandengo y’imyaka icumi ishize.
Aho hose ugenda ugereranya ubushyuhe bw’ubu n’ubwa mbere y’umwaduko w’inganda.
Iyo raporo nshya igaragaza ko igipimo cy’inyanja nacyo kizakomeza kuzamuka cyane ugereranyije n’aho zagarukiraga ku butaka muri iki kinyejana cya 21.
Kugeza mu 2100 gishobora kuzamuka hagati ya metero 0.28 na 0.62 mu gihe imyuka ihumanya yagabanywa cyane kugeza mu 2050, kikazamuka hagati ya metero 0.44 na 0.76 mu gihe yaguma aho iri uyu munsi; cyangwa hagati ya metero 0.63 na 1.01 mu gihe imyuka yakomeza kwiyongera.
Kim Cobb uri mu banditse iriya raporo yavuze ko izamuka ry’ubushyuhe rizagendana n’izindi ngaruka zirenze izo abantu bamaze igihe babona mu Isi ifite ubushyuhe bumaze kuzamukaho 1C cyangwa no munsi yaho.
Panmao Zhai uri mu bayoboye kariya kanama we yagize ati “Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irimo kugira ingaruka ku bice byose ku isi, mu buryo butandukanye. Impinduka tubona zizagenda zirushaho kwiyongera bijyanye n’izamuka ry’ubushyuhe bw’Isi.”
Imibare ya mbere y‘iyi raporo yagaragazaga ko mu Rwanda ubushyuhe bwazamutse ku gipimo mpuzandengo cya 1.4C kuva mu mwaka wa 1970, ndetse nta gikozwe buzagera kuri 2.5C bitarenze umwaka wa 2050.
Bivuze ko izuba cyangwa inkangu bishobora kuzaba byinshi kurushaho, ari nako bitwara ubuzima bw’abantu ndetse bikangiza ibyabo.
Bibarwa ko mu mwaka ushize imyuzure n’inkangu byahitanye abantu 270.
Mu gukumira ibyo byose, Leta iheruka gushyiraho gahunda zigamije kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ho 38% kugeza mu 2030, zizashorwamo miliyari $11.
Harimo miliyari $5.7 zizajya mu bikorwa byo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe na miliyari $5.3 zagenewe ibikorwa byo guhangana n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ibihe.
Bivuze ko ibyo bikorwa nibigenda uko byateguwe, mu myaka icumi iri imbere ikigero cy’imyuka ihumanya ikirere kizaba gisigaye kuri 16%.
Imwe mu ngamba nshya ziheruka harimo ko Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yorohereje abantu gutunga no gukoresha imodoka zifashisha amashanyarazi, binyuze mu gukuraho imisoro no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’amashanyarazi bikoresha.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2017 bwagaragaje ko ibiza ku isonga mu guhumanya umwuka mu Rwanda ari umwotsi w’imodoka, imyotsi y’amakara n’inkwi.
Izo gahunda zizunganirwa no kubahiriza ibyavuguruwe mu masezerano ya Montréal agamije kurinda akayunguruzo k’izuba, binyuze mu guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma bikonjesha mu nyubako byifashisha ibinyabutabire bya Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Ni igikorwa cyuzuzanya n’Amasezerano ya Paris yerekeye kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe, yemeranyijweho mu Ukuboza 2015.
