Inshingano ya mbere ya buri butegetsi, nk’uko abayobozi batandukanye bamaze imyaka myinshi babivuga, ni kurinda abaturage ishinzwe. Ibi ariko byigeze kunanira Amerika-igihugu gikize kandi gikanganye kurusha ibindi ku isi- ubwo kuwa 11 Nzeri 2001 ibyihebe bya Al Qaeda byayigabagaho igitero kikica abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi.
Igitangaje ni uko amakuru y’ibyo bitero yari afitwe n’ababishinzwe ariko bananirwa kubikumira.
Isi ya nyuma y’ibi bitero yahise ihinduka iy’intambara Amerika n’incuti zayo bahoramo bavuga ko igamije kurwanya iterabwoba cyangwa gukumira ko ryakurira ahantu runaka.
Ku munsi w’ibitero nyirizina, indege zari zashimuswe n’abiyahuzi bo mu mutwe wa al-Qaeda zagongeshejwe imiturirwa ya World Trade Center i New York.
Icyo gihe biba, umwe mu banditsi ba BBC ari nawe dukesha iyo uri gusoma aka kanya, yari arangije akazi mu biro by’itangazamakuru bishinzwe Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Mu gihe yari mu mudoka atwawe n’umushoferi w’Umupalestina, banyuze mu misozi y’ibiti iri mu Burengerazuba bwa Yeruzalemu berekeza ku kibuga cy’indege cya Ben Gurion i Tel Aviv.
Uwo mushoferi yahise azamura ijwi rya radiyo aramubwira ati: “Hari ikintu gikomeye cyabaye muri Amerika.”
Ntabwo yari yibeshye. Abantu 2,977 ni bo bari bamaze guhitanwa n’ibyo bitero.
Ibitero ntibyaje bitunguranye.
Urwego rw’ubutasi rwa Amerika, CIA, rwari rumaze imyaka rufite amakuru kuri al-Qaeda n’umuyobozi wayo ukomoka muri Arabia Saoudite, Osama bin Laden.
CIA yari inafite itsinda ryihariye ryari rishinzwe kumushakisha.
Nyuma y’iminsi icyenda ibitero bibaye, Perezida George W. Bush yatangaje icyo yise “Intambara ku iterabwoba” (War on Terror).
Kunanirwa gukomeye mu butasi
Nta washidikanya ko ibitero bya 9/11 byagaragaje ikibazo gikomeye mu butasi bwa Amerika, cyane cyane kunanirwa gutekereza mu buryo buhagije no gusesengura byihuse ibimenyetso byari bihari no kubihuza.
Muri icyo gihe, CIA na FBI bari bafite amakuru, ariko iyo aza gusangirwa no gusesengurwa neza, bishoboka ko ibitero byari gukumirwa.
Raporo ya Komisiyo yashyizweho nyuma ya 9/11 yavuze ko Amerika yagaragaje “kunanirwa gutekereza, kunanirwa kwa politiki, ubushobozi n’imicungire” ihamye y’icyago nk’icyo kandi yarabonaga neza ko kiyugaije.
Komisiyo yasanze CIA na FBI bitarashoboye gusuzuma neza amakuru y’ubutasi, kuyasangiza izindi nzego no gufata ingamba zihagije zo kuburizamo umugambi w’ibitero.
Kuva icyo gihe, inzego z’ubutasi zo mu bihugu by’Uburengerazuba zongereye cyane ubufatanye n’ihanahana ry’amakuru.
Mu Bwongereza, urugero, amakimbirane yari asanzwe hagati ya MI5 na Polisi ishinzwe kurwanya iterabwoba yaragabanutse, hashyirwaho uburyo butuma abakozi b’ubutasi n’abapolisi bakorera hamwe.
Muri Amerika na ho habaye ivugurura rikomeye ry’inzego z’ubutasi. Hashyizweho ikigo National Counter Terrorism Center, ndetse hashyirwaho n’umuyobozi w’ubutasi bw’igihugu kugira ngo amakuru akwirakwizwe neza hagati y’inzego 18 zigize ubutasi za Amerika.
Amerika kandi yakomeje ubufatanye bukomeye n’u Bwongereza binyuze mu ihuriro bita Five Eyes rihuza Amerika, u Bwongereza, Canada, Australia na New Zealand mu gusangira amakuru y’ubutasi.
Intambara yo muri Iraq n’amakosa y’ubutasi
Nubwo habaye impinduka, amakosa akomeye mu butasi no mu igenamigambi ry’ingamba yakomeje kugaragara.
Mbere y’igitero Amerika n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo bagabye muri Iraq mu mwaka wa 2003, MI6( ni urwego rushinzwe ubutasi bwo hanze y’Ubwongereza) yatanze amakuru y’ubutasi yarimo amakosa bitewe n’igitutu cya politiki cyari kigamije kugaragaza ko Iraq yari ifite intwaro za kirimbuzi (WMDs).
Iraq yari yarigeze kugira izo ntwaro mu bihe byashize, ariko inyandiko ivuga ko zari zarasenywe nyuma y’Intambara yo mu Kigobe yo mu mwaka wa 1991.
Nyuma y’igitero cyo muri Iraq, MI6 yahinduye uburyo bwo gusuzuma amakuru yakurwaga ku bantu bayo bari bari muri Iraq.
Ubu hari itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’abashinzwe gukusanya amakuru n’itsinda rishinzwe kuyagenzura, kuyashidikanyaho no gusaba ibimenyetso by’inyongera igihe bikenewe.
Igitero cya London cyo mu mwaka wa 2005
MI5( urwego rw’Ubwongereza rushinzwe iperereza imbere mu gihugu) nayo yakoze amakosa mu gukusanya no gusesengura amakuru y’ubutasi, nubwo yanakumiriye imigambi myinshi y’ibitero by’iterabwoba.
Mu 2005, yananiwe gukumira ibitero by’ubwiyahuzi byabereye i London ku wa 7 Nyakanga(7), bihitana abantu 52.
MI5 yari izi Mohammed Sidique Khan wari umuyobozi w’itsinda ry’abagabye igitero, ariko ntiyari izi umugambi yari afite.
Igitero cyabereye kuri Manchester Arena mu 2017 na cyo cyagaragaje izindi ntege nke mu itegurwa no gusangira amakuru y’ubutasi.
Iterabwoba ryarahindutse
Nyuma ya 9/11, iterabwoba ryaturukaga kuri al-Qaeda n’imitwe ifitanye isano na yo ryabaye ikibazo cy’ingenzi ku mutekano w’ibihugu by’Uburengerazuba.
Ariko uko imyaka yagiye ihita, ishusho yaryo yarahindutse.
Ubu iterabwoba rituruka ku bantu cyangwa imitwe itari ibihugu riracyari ikibazo gikomeye, ariko iterabwoba rituruka ku bihugu na ryo ryarushijeho kuba rikomeye.
Inyandiko igaragaza ko bamwe babona ko icyemezo cya Perezida Donald Trump cyo kwifatanya na Israel mu bitero kuri Iran ari urugero rw’ikibazo cyo kutagira igenamigambi rihagije mu butasi.
Ibihugu by’abafatanyabikorwa ba Amerika byo mu Kigobe byari byaramaze kuburira ko Iran ishobora kwihorera igafunga Inzira ya Hormuz, inzira ikomeye ikoreshwa mu gutwara peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa by’ingufu.
Iyo Iran ibigenje ityo, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku masoko y’ingufu ku isi.
Nyuma ya 9/11, Amerika n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo batinyaga ko hashobora kuba ibindi bitero bikomeye. Al-Qaeda yari yaranavuze ko ishobora kohereza indege nyinshi mu bindi bitero.
Mu rwego rwo kubikumira, abantu benshi bakekwagaho iterabwoba batangiye gufatirwa muri Afghanistan na Pakistan, rimwe na rimwe hashingiwe ku makuru atari yo.
Abantu babarirwa mu magana bajyanywe ahantu hatandukanye, bapfutswe amaso kandi baboshywe, kugeza ku kigo cy’imfungwa cya Amerika kiri Guantanamo Bay muri Cuba, kandi bamwe bahafungiwe igihe kirekire bataragezwa imbere y’urukiko.
Imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yamaganye ibyo bikorwa, ivuga ko byangije isura n’indangagaciro za Amerika.
Muri Iraq no muri Afghanistan na ho hagaragaye ibibazo by’iyicarubozo n’ihohoterwa ry’abafungwa bari mu maboko y’ingabo za Amerika.
Amasomo akomeye ya 9/11
Imyaka 25 ishize, inzego z’ubutasi za Amerika zari zifite ibice byinshi by’amakuru byashoboraga gutuma zibona ibigiye kuba.
Ariko ikibazo cyabaye ni uko zananiwe gushyira hamwe ibyo bice by’amakuru ngo zibone ishusho yuzuye.
Ibi bigaragaza ko kugira inzego zishoboye gukusanya amakuru bidahagije. Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya kuyasesengura, kuyahuza no kuyakoresha mu gufata ibyemezo by’ingamba z’umutekano w’igihugu.
Isi y’ubutasi yarahindutse cyane
Mu myaka 25 kuva ibitero bya 9/11 bibaye, isi y’ubutasi no kurwanya iterabwoba yarahindutse ku buryo bukomeye.
Ikoranabuhanga nka Artificial Intelligence (AI) na quantum computing riri gutuma izo mpinduka zikomeza kwihuta.
Ariko kandi ibihugu by’iburengerazuba si byo byonyine byigeze kunanirwa kumenya ibigiye kuba cyangwa gufata ibyemezo by’ingamba bidahwitse.
Urugero ni igitero cy’u Burusiya muri Ukraine mu 2022, ndetse n’igitero Hamas yagabye muri Israel kivuye muri Gaza ku wa 7 Ukwakira 2023, bamwe bagereranyije n’“9/11 ya Israel.”
Mu by’ukuri, ibibazo bikomeye biracyibazwa ku byemezo byafashwe nyuma ya 9/11: Ese u Bwongereza bwari bukwiye kwifatanya na George W. Bush mu gutera Iraq? Ese kwinjira muri Afghanistan byari bikwiye? Kandi se, nyuma y’imyaka 20, gukurayo ingabo no gusigira igihugu aba Taliban byari byo byari bikwiye?
Ibyo bibazo, kimwe n’ibindi byinshi, biracyakomeza kugira ingaruka ku mitekerereze y’umutekano n’ububanyi n’amahanga kugeza n’uyu munsi.
