Amakuru yerekana ko nibura ubwato burindwi butwara peteroli bwasubiye inyuma ubwo bwari bugeze ku nkombe za Yemen nyuma y’uko umutwe w’Abahouthi ushyigikiwe na Iran utangaje ko ukumiriye ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja buca hafi ya Arabiya Sawudite.
Ubwato bwakumiriwe ni ubwavaga cyangwa ubwajyaga ku byambu bya Arabiya Sawudite, igihugu cya mbere gicukura kikagurisha ku isi petelori nyinshi kurusha ibindi.
Hafi ya 15% by’ubucuruzi bw’ibikomoka kuri petelori bigurishwa ku isi bica mu Nyanja Itukura (Red Sea), ihuza Inyanja ya Mediterane n’Ikigobe cya Aden binyuze mu nzira ebyiri z’ingenzi: Umuyoboro wa Suez muri Misiri n’Umuhora wa Bab al-Mandab uri hagati ya Yemeni n’Ihembe rya Afurika.
Inyanja Itukura yabaye inzira y’ingenzi yo kohereza peteroli ya Arabiya Sawudite hanze y’igihugu nyuma y’uko intambara yahuje Amerika, Isiraheli na Iran itumye Umuhora wa Hormuz udakoreshwa uko bikwiye, bigabanya cyane itwarwa rya peteroli na gazi biva mu Kigobe cy’Abarabu.
Rosemary Kelanic, impuguke mu kigo cya Defense Priorities cyo muri Amerika, yavuze ko gukoresha Inyanja Itukura byafashije kugabanya igitutu cyaterwaga n’ibura ry’ibikomoka kuri petelori ku isoko mpuzamahanga nyuma y’uko Iran ifunze Hormuz.
Yongeyeho ko niba Abahouthi barushijeho kubuza ubucuruzi kunyura muri iyo nzira, ibiciro bya peteroli n’ibindi bicuruzwa bizazamuka cyane.
Ikigo Kpler gikurikirana ibikorwa byo mu nyanja cyatangaje ko umunsi umwe mbere y’itangazo ry’Abahouthi, hari ubwato 20 bwinjiye mu Nyanja Itukura, naho 22 buyisohokamo bunyuze mu Muhora wa Bab al-Mandab.
Kelanic yabwiye BBC Verify ko igitero icyo ari cyo cyose Abahouthi bagaba ku bwato mu Nyanja Itukura cyangwa mu Kigobe cya Aden kitazagira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bwavaga muri Arabiya Sawudite gusa, ahubwo kizahungabanya ubwikorezi bwose ku rwego mpuzamahanga.
Ku wa Gatatu, umutwe w’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi z’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi witwa Aspides wagiriye inama ubwato bw’ubucuruzi bufitanye isano na Isiraheli, Amerika cyangwa Arabiya Sawudite kwirinda kunyura mu Nyanja Itukura no mu Kigobe cya Aden kugeza igihe umutekano uzongera kuba mwiza.
Amakuru y’ikigo Marine Traffic agaragaza ko ubwato bwa peteroli bwitwa Rodos, bwari buhetse peteroli ya Arabiya Sawudite bugana mu Buhinde, bwavuye ku cyambu cya Al-Muajiz ku wa Mbere nimugoroba.
Nyuma y’amasaha hafi icyenda bugana mu Majyepfo, bwahinduye inzira busubira mu Majyaruguru.
Ubundi bwato bwitwa Mica, bwanditswe kuri Liberiya, nabwo bwavuye ku cyambu cya Jazan muri Arabiya Sawudite bugana mu Majyepfo, ariko nyuma buza gusubira inyuma.
Amakuru yerekana kandi ko nibura ubwaato umunani bwari bugiye kwinjira mu Nyanja Itukura buvuye mu Majyepfo nabwo bwahinduye inzira mbere yo kwinjira mu Muhora wa Bab al-Mandab.
Ubwato butwara imodoka Liu Jiang Kou, bwanditswe mu birwa bya Marshall, bwari buvuye mu Bushinwa bugana ku cyambu cya Jeddah, ariko bwahinduye inzira ku wa Mbere bukiri mu Kigobe cya Aden.
Ubwato bwa peteroli bwitwa New Prime, bwanditswe muri Hong Kong, na bwo bwari buvuye mu Bushinwa bugana muri Arabiya Sawudite, ariko bwarahindukiye ubu bukaba bugaragara ko butegerereje mu Nyanja y’Abarabu.
Nubwo impamvu nyayo zatumye buri bwato buhindura inzira zidashobora kwemezwa mu buryo bwigenga, ikigo Vanguard kivuga ko igihe bwahinduriye inzira gihura neza n’igihe Abahouthi batangarije ifungwa ry’iyo nzira.
Mu butumwa bwohererejwe ba nyiri ubwo bwato ku wa Mbere, Abahouthi bavuze kobwose bubujijwe gupakururira cyangwa gupakirira ibicuruzwa ku byambu byose byo muri Arabiya Sawudite, banavuga ko bushobora kugabwaho ibitero aho ari hose intwaro zabo zishobora kurasa.
Arabiya Sawudite yavuze ko izafata ingamba zose zikenewe zo kurinda ubwato bwayo hakurikijwe amategeko mpuzamahanga.
Yemen imaze imyaka myinshi mu ntambara y’abenegihugu yatangiye mu 2014, ubwo Abahouthi bafataga umurwa mukuru Sana’a.
Mu 2015, ihuriro ry’ibihugu by’Abarabu riyobowe na Arabiya Sawudite ryatangiye ibikorwa bya gisirikare rigamije gusubiza ku butegetsi Guverinoma yemewe.
Kuva mu 2022, habayeho agahenge ‘katanditse’ hagati y’Abahouthi na Arabiya Sawudite.
Icyakora, mu cyumweru gishize Abahouthi barashe ibisasu bya misile ku kibuga cy’indege cyo mu Majyepfo y’Uburengerazuba bwa Arabiya Sawudite bavuga ko ari ukwihimura ku bitero byagabwe ku kibuga cy’indege cya Sana’a, umurwa mukuru wa Yemen.
Mu bihe byashize, Abahouthi bigeze guteza ihungabana rikomeye mu Muhora wa Bab al-Mandab, ufite ubugari bwa kilometero 32.
Nyuma gato y’uko intambara yo muri Gaza itangiye mu Ukwakira 2023, Abahouthi batangiye kugaba ibitero ku bwato bw’ubucuruzi bunyura muri Nyanja Itukura no mu Kigobe cya Aden, bavuga ko bashyigikiye Abanyapalestina.
Ibyo bitero byatumye ubwato bune burohama, ubundi burafatwa naho abantu icyenda bo mu bakozi babwo bahasiga ubuzima.
Kuva Umuhora wa Hormuz wafungwa bikozwe na Iran mu mezi ashize, Arabiya Sawudite yimuriye hejuru ya 70% bya peteroli yoherezaga hanze, iyinyuza ku cyambu cya Yanbu kiri ku Nyanja Itukura, ikoresheje umuyoboro wa peteroli uhuza Uburasirazuba n’Uburengerazuba bw’igihugu.
Mu byumweru bishize, hafi utugunguru miliyoni enye za peteroli ku munsi zanyujijwe kuri Yanbu, mu gihe umwaka wari wabanje twari hafi 973,000 ku munsi, nk’uko amakuru ya Kpler na Signal Ocean abigaragaza.
Naveen Das, impuguke mu isesengura ry’ubucuruzi bwa peteroli mu kigo Kpler, yabwiye BBC Verify ko niba Umuhora wa Bab al-Mandab na wo ufunzwe mu gihe kirekire, inzira rukumbi Arabiya Sawudite izasigarana ari ukuzenguruka inyanja ya Mediterane n’umugabane wa Afurika mu Majyepfo kugira ngo igeze peteroli muri Aziya.
Yongeyeho ko ingaruka ku baguzi zitazahita zigaragara, ariko ko kubera amakimbirane na Iran, isoko ry’ibikomoka kuri petelori ku isi rizarushaho guhungabana.
Ati: “Dushobora kubyihanganira ibyumweru bibiri, bitatu cyangwa ukwezi, ariko muri icyo gihe ibiciro byo gutwara ibicuruzwa n’ibiciro by’ingufu bizazamuka, kandi ibyo bizongera amafaranga ibihugu byishyuraga bitumiza hanze izo ngufu.”
Hagati aho, abasare batwaye ubwato buca mu nyanja itukura batangaje ko nabo bafite intwaro zo kwivuna uzabakoma imbere.
Amakuru ya MarineTraffic agaragaza ko hari ubwato 50 buri muri kariya gace burimo abarinzi bitwaje intwaro, babikora mu rwego rwo kwirinda ko Abahouthi bazababuza gucuruza.
Ubwinshi muri ubwo bwato ni bunini cyane kandi burapakiye cyane, bityo buramutse burashwe bugashya hakwangirika byinshi kandi byagorana ko hagira urokoka mu bantu bose baburimo.
