Abigeze kuba mu cyaro bazi amoko y’inyoni zo mu Rwanda atandukanye. Izizwi cyane ni inuma, ifundi, intashya, umununi, sakabaka, icyiyoni, serukobokobo n’izindi. Ariko se ku isi hari inyoni zingahe? Ubundi se ni akahe kamaro k’inyoni?
Abahanga mu kumenya ibiguruka baherutse kwanzura ko mu bushakashatsi bakoze basanze ku isi hari inyoni miliyari mirongo itanu( 50).
Izi nyoni ni nyinshi k’uburyo uzisaranganyije abatuye isi, buri wese yaba afite inyoni esheshatu kuko abantu batuye Isi muri iki gihe ari miliyari 7,8.
Inyoni zose zabaruwe zigabanyije mu moko 9,700.
12% by’aya moko agizwe n’inyoni zitarenze 5000 buri bwoko. Abahanga bo muri Australia batangiye gukusanya imibare yerekana ubwinshi bw’inyoni ziri ku isi guhera mu mwaka wa 2010 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2019.
Ni akazi bakoranye n’abandi bantu 600 000 batoranyijwe ku isi hose ngo babafashe kubona amafoto, amajwi n’amashusho y’inyoni zigaragara aho batuye.
Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje babonye ni uko burya inyoni nyinshi ku isi ari ibishwi.
Mu nyoni zose zabaruwe, ibishwi bingana na miliyari 1.6.
Igihugu cya mbere kibamo ibishwi bike ni u Bwongereza.
Ubushakashatsi bariya bahanga bakoze bugaragaza ko bashoboye kumenya 92% by’inyoni zose ziri ku isi, 8% zisigaye zikaba ari inyoni bigoye cyane kubona k’uburyo umubare wazo muto utagira ikintu kinini uhindura ku mibare rusange yabonetse.
Abahanga bavuga ko ubushashatsi nka buriya buzakomeza kugira ngo abantu bakomeze gushaka andi moko y’inyoni zituye isi.
Umwe muri bo witwa Dr Callaghan avuga ko kumenya umubare w’ikinyabuzima runaka kiri ku isi ari intambwe ya mbere yo kumenya kukirinda kwicwa ngo gicike ku isi.
Ubushakashatsi bwuzuye ku mubare w’inyoni bwasohotse mu kinyamakuru kitwa Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
Abantu bakeneye inyoni kurusha uko zibakeneye…
Nta kintu kiri mu isanzure kidafitiye umuntu akamaro, yaba abizi cyangwa atabizi.
Ku byerekeye inyoni rero, burya zifitiye abantu akamaro kanini ndetse karimo ikibazo cyo gupfa no gukira!
Inyoni zirinda ko udukoko tw’inigwahabiri twagwira tukaba twinshi bityo tukaba twakwadukira abantu tukabateza indwara zibica.
Ibi zibirinda abantu binyuze mu kumira utwo dukoko, tukazibera ifunguro.
Iyo hataza kubaho inyoni ubwoko bw’imibu, amasazi, iminyorogoto n’izindi nigwahabiri(insects) ziba zarayogoje isi, abantu barashize!
Hari ubushakashatsi bwakozwe muri 2019 bwerekanye ko ku mwaka inyoni zirya inigwahabiri zipima toni ziri hagati ya 400 na 500 ku mwaka.
Inyoni kandi zigaburira abantu binyuze mu kubangurira ibiti byera imbuto cyangwa ibiti biribwa imizi( ibiti biribwa imizi hano urugero ni imyumbati n’ibijumba).
Nubwo akazi kenshi mu kubangurira imyaka gakorwa n’inzuki n’ibinyugunyugu, ariko inyoni zirya ubuki urugero nk’umununi zigira akamaro kanini mu kubangurira ibiti.
5% by’ibiti byera imbuto abantu barya biba byarabanguriwe n’inyoni.
Ninde wahakana ko inkongoro zigira akamaro mu gusukura isi dutuye binyuze mu kurya ibikoko byaboze?
Inkongoro zirya imbeba zapfuye, sakabaka nazo ni uko, ibizu( albatross), n’izindi nyoni zirya inyama…zose zigira uruhare rutaziguye mu gusukura isi cyane cyane amashyamba.
Iyo izi nyoni hamwe n’izindi nyamaswa zirya ibyaboze ziza kutabaho, hari indwara zari bwaduke mu bantu zirimo n’igituntu zikabibasira kurusha uko bimeze ubu cyangwa byahoze bimeze.
Hari ibimera byera tugasarura ariko inyoni ari zo zahinze. Iyo inyoni zitembera, zikava ku giti kimwe zikajya ku kindi, zikava mu ishyamba rimwe zikajya mu rindi kuryayo imbuto, hari izo zihanura.
Izihanutse rero ziramera, nyuma aho zimeze zirakura zikaba ibiribwa bw’andi moko y’ibinyabuzima n’umuntu ari mo.
Iyi niyo mpamvu amapera yo mu ishyamba hari igihe tuvuga ngo yarimejeje kandi burya aba yaratewe n’inyoni.
Ese wari uziko abakoze indege biganye ubugenge inyoni iremanywe?
Ibi byumvikana neza iyo usomye mu magambo arambuye icyo ijambo A.V.I.O.N bivuze mu Gifaransa: Appareil Volant Immitant l’Oison Naturel( imashini iguruka mu buryo bwigana inyoni).
Aka ni akandi kamaro inyoni zagiriye abantu mu kubafasha kumenya amategeko agenga kuyega mu kirere, ibyo bita aerodynamisme.
Mu by’ukuri rero abatekereje gutangiza ishami ryihariye ryiga imiterere y’inyoni muri za Kaminuza( ornithology) bagize neza.
Mu rwego rwa Science kandi amaso y’inyoni( tuyafasheho urugero) yifashishijwe mu gukora ibyuma bidasanzwe bita microscope n’ibyo bita telescope.
Abakoze microscope baganye imikorere y’ijisho ry’inyoni nto cyane bita ifundi.
Ijisho ry’ifundi rifite ubushobozi bwo kureba akantu gato cyane k’uburyo ifundi ishobora kubona urucenga( akamanyu gato k’umwumbati basekuye) rwihishe mu mucanga mwinshi.
Ifite ijisho ryagura ibintu bito cyane bikaba binini, ubu kandi nibwo buhanga utwuma twa microscope dukoranywe kugira ngo umuganga abashe kubona utukoko tutaboneshwa amaso masa y’umuntu tuba twihishe mu maraso, mu nkari no mu yindi myanda imuturukamo.
Ku byerekeye telescope, abahanga biganye ijisho ry’igisiga kinini kitwa kagoma( Eagle).
Ijisho rya kagoma rifite ubushobozi bwo kubona imbeba iri mu bilometero byinshi kandi yo iri hejuru cyane mu kirere.
Ubwo bushobozi nibwo buyifasha kumanuka igafata imbeba cyangwa urukwavu rwihishe mu mukenke mwinshi wo muri Pariki y’Akagera cyangwa ahandi.
Abahanga rero biganye uko ijisho rya kiriya gisiga rutura rimeze bakora icyuma gishobora kubona inyenyeri ziri mu bilometero miliyoni runaka iyo tutagera.
